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Patrick Collison on programming languages, AI, and Stripe's biggest engineering decisions

Patrick Collison on programming languages, AI, and Stripe's biggest engineering decisions

25 segments available

Michael Truell (CEO of Cursor) sits down with Patrick Collison (CEO of Stripe) to discuss programming languages, the role of AI in programming, and building long-lasting software. 00:00 Patrick's first startup in Smalltalk 03:35 LISP chatbots 06:09 Ideas from esoteric programming languages 09:12 Bret Victor and Dynamicland 16:37 Programming human organizations 20:28 Codebase's "Big Bang" and MongoDB 25:49 Rewriting Stripe 32:00 How do you, Patrick Collison, use AI? 38:25 Changes to GDP/TFP 41:56 Programming human biology 46:10 Unexpected beneficiaries of AI

Segments Timeline

1
0:12 - 3:02
2:49 duration615 words

The Power of Smalltalk

Patrick Collison shares insights about his first startup, which was built using Smalltalk. He discusses the advantages of Smalltalk's development environment over Ruby and Rails, highlighting its interactive debugging capabilities and how it allowed for rapid error correction during web requests. Collison reflects on the challenges of using a non-mainstream language and the learning curve for new developers.

"Well, it's great to have you. Thanks for Thank you for being here. Thanks for having me. Great to be here. Yes. I've heard that your first startup was written in small talk. Please explain. I don't kn..."

2
3:02 - 5:10
2:08 duration481 words

AI Bots and the Turing Test

Collison reminisces about an early AI project he worked on, creating a bot for MSN Messenger using Lisp. He discusses the bot's capabilities, its limitations in passing the Turing Test, and how it utilized conversation data for training. He also reflects on the influence of AI programming literature on his understanding of the field.

"And what was the dynamic? you know, was there like this blissfully ignorant management that foisted this small talk codebase on a bunch of unsuspecting developers that were then kind of like piling it..."

3
5:10 - 8:34
3:24 duration700 words

Lessons from Esoteric Languages

In this segment, Collison explores the potential of ideas from older, esoteric programming languages that could benefit modern programming practices. He discusses how JavaScript has adopted some concepts from these languages and emphasizes the importance of integrated development environments that combine runtime and editing capabilities, drawing parallels with Smalltalk and Mathematica.

"interesting approaches there. Um, it didn't have anything on neural networks, I'm almost sure. And I never I mean, I'd read some Marvin Minsky stuff, Society of the Mind or whatever on on on neural ne..."

4
8:34 - 11:23
2:48 duration594 words

The Future of Integrated Development Environments

Collison discusses the vision for a truly integrated development environment that leverages AI to enhance programming efficiency. He emphasizes the need for fast iteration loops and the ability for AI to assist in the coding process, allowing programmers to maintain control while benefiting from AI's capabilities. This segment highlights the evolving relationship between developers and AI in software creation.

"VS code has been a step to some extent slightly in that direction but I think we could take it way further and it would be really I mean what what I'd love to see for example is uh when I hover over a..."

5
11:10 - 12:52
1:42 duration418 words

The Future of Programming Languages

In this segment, Collison speculates on the evolution of programming languages influenced by AI. He suggests that future languages may become less formal and more intuitive, focusing on user intent rather than strict syntax, while also considering the role of visual elements in software development.

"background. Um, and you know, as part of having the AI spend a bunch of time um, thinking in the background, to make that thinking useful, you kind of needed to run the code and then react to it, or e..."

6
12:52 - 14:05
1:12 duration273 words

The Weight of Legacy Code

Collison reflects on the challenges posed by legacy code in large software projects. He discusses how the burden of maintaining extensive codebases can stifle creativity and efficiency, and he highlights the potential for AI to assist in refactoring and improving existing code.

"experimental ideas. Um, and um, in general I will say and yeah, it's not terrible, but um, I feel like there just it's interesting to me that we haven't experimented in some sense that much with the p..."

7
14:05 - 15:00
0:55 duration226 words

AI's Role in Code Refactoring

Collison elaborates on the idea that AI could help in beautifying and refactoring codebases. He shares insights from his educational background, emphasizing the importance of designing systems that are easy to modify, and suggests that AI could facilitate this process by cleaning up code as developers work.

"languages around both the neurons in your head of like programming languages are kind of complex UI for programmers to define exactly how the computer should function. And so, you know, people learn l..."

8
15:00 - 17:07
2:06 duration471 words

From Coding to Coordination

In this segment, Collison discusses the transition many developers face from coding to managing teams. He emphasizes the importance of APIs and data models in shaping organizational dynamics and strategies, drawing parallels between software design and team collaboration.

"someone said on Twitter today maybe it was Andre Karpathy but maybe I'm misattributing that and you know may too many things to do with vibe coding get attributed to Andre like you know to Churchill o..."

9
17:07 - 20:10
3:03 duration601 words

The Lasting Impact of API Design

Collison reflects on the long-term implications of API and data model design on business outcomes. He cites examples from the iOS and Android ecosystems to illustrate how thoughtful design can lead to enduring success, while also acknowledging the challenges of legacy decisions in software development.

"you know coordinating amongst people. Do you think that there are any ideas from programming that are helpful for the act of kind of programming amongst the organization to get a group of people to uh..."

10
20:01 - 21:02
1:00 duration209 words

The Big Bang of Startup Decisions

Collison reflects on the metaphor of a 'big bang' moment in startups, where initial technical decisions shape the future of the company. He shares insights from a conversation with an engineering leader about the lasting consequences of early choices, such as programming languages and frameworks, and how they affect current operations.

"of good and bad in the sense that they they endured but also we still um you know uh um we are still uh under the uh the living with their faults. Exactly. Uh and so anyway that that that's maybe the ..."

11
21:02 - 22:34
1:31 duration283 words

Foundational Technologies at Stripe

In this segment, Collison elaborates on the foundational technologies chosen at Stripe, including MongoDB and Ruby. He discusses the challenges and successes of these choices, highlighting the importance of building robust infrastructure to support their long-term reliability and performance.

"now? Um I mean I think that metaphor is is well it sounds true to me um is is the first thing I'd say. I mean maybe there's a little bit of kind of survivorship bias uh where like the actual statement..."

12
22:34 - 24:45
2:11 duration402 words

Lessons from Language Choices

Collison shares the rationale behind choosing Ruby over Java for Stripe's early development. He reflects on the decision-making process and the desire to adopt more mainstream technologies while still maintaining flexibility, revealing insights into the evolution of Stripe's technology stack.

"but that that was a quite important critical decision. um initial decision uh and you know Ruby similarly I guess companies sometimes change languages uh you know along the way but I but I feel like t..."

13
24:45 - 26:06
1:20 duration276 words

Revisiting Core Abstractions

Collison discusses the need to revisit and refine core abstractions within Stripe's API. He explains the process of designing new APIs to unify various elements of the platform, emphasizing the importance of customer feedback and the challenges of ensuring interoperability with existing systems.

"I don't know let's say in the case of stripe of money that doesn't like exactly comport with how the particular SQL database you're happens to represent money or you know whatever the case might be. U..."

14
26:06 - 28:50
2:44 duration474 words

The Journey of API Development

In this segment, Collison outlines the journey of developing new APIs at Stripe, detailing the complexities involved in creating interoperable systems. He highlights the significance of customer validation and the iterative process of refining API designs based on real-world usage and feedback.

"judge. Um and so back in 2022 I believe um we I mean to this discussion about data models and abstractions we realized that a couple of the core abstractions in Stripe were just not the right long-ter..."

15
28:50 - 30:07
1:16 duration240 words

Designing for Flexibility and Scalability

Collison emphasizes the importance of designing APIs that can accommodate various use cases and relationships. He discusses the need for flexibility in API design to support future growth and the potential complexities that arise from evolving business needs.

"it. I mean, I I guess your question was maybe what what lessons we've learned from it and and maybe is there do you think there's anything bigger to draw out of that on either projects that are are re..."

16
30:07 - 31:34
1:27 duration276 words

Customer-Centric API Design

Collison concludes with insights on the significance of customer-centric design in API development. He stresses the value of writing integrations and gathering feedback to ensure that new APIs effectively meet user needs while avoiding overengineering.

"you know you'll think well you could never have you know a company that's owned by two different companies or something but you know it turns out that sort of every permutation in the space uh is uh i..."

17
31:57 - 34:27
2:30 duration455 words

Using AI for Factual Insights

In this segment, Patrick discusses his use of AI tools, particularly LLMs, for answering factual questions and conducting research. He expresses his dissatisfaction with AI-generated writing, highlighting the challenges of aligning AI outputs with his personal writing style.

"100%. And so I don't want to know prematurely declare any victory. How do you Patrick Collison use AI? Well I the main ways are the predictable ones where I use LLM chat tools um uh a lot. Uh and and ..."

18
34:27 - 36:15
1:47 duration335 words

The Need for Progress Studies

Collison argues that the need for progress studies has increased in the context of AI's impact on society. He discusses how the urgency of understanding technological advancements and their implications has grown, especially as aspirations and ideals become more contested.

"So we are interviewing you Patrick Collison as kind of uh the most if you had to pick the architect archetype of a software industrialist. I feel like you would be kind of straight out of central cast..."

19
36:15 - 40:21
4:06 duration720 words

AI's Impact on Productivity

Patrick reflects on recent findings regarding AI's influence on productivity metrics. He discusses the lack of observed improvements in productivity from AI usage and the complexities involved in integrating new technologies into the economy.

"a critique you could have leveled um at progress studies or progress studies style thinking 5 years ago is these are all nice questions but the world is on a kind of um forained escalator path to you ..."

20
40:21 - 42:30
2:09 duration432 words

Programming Human Biology

Collison shares his excitement about advancements in programming human biology through initiatives at ARC, a biomedical research organization. He discusses the challenges of curing complex diseases and the potential of using AI and foundation models in biological research.

"know, obviously it's it's early days. Uh but uh I think um you know, I I think we're seeing that the diffusion of these technologies through the economy uh really takes time and uh in involves substan..."

21
42:32 - 44:00
1:27 duration270 words

Advancements in Biological Technology

In this segment, Collison outlines the recent technological advancements in biology, including improved sequencing technologies and CRISPR. He discusses how these innovations enable a new level of understanding and manipulation of biological systems, potentially leading to breakthroughs in treating complex diseases.

"flu the cold covid whatever um uh and you know tuberculosis and you know uh uh very diseases with high mortality rates uh then uh you have monogenic diseases where you know there's just sort of one ge..."

22
44:00 - 45:32
1:32 duration270 words

The Future of Software Development

Collison expresses optimism about the future of software development, suggesting that advancements in AI could lead to a higher level of productivity and creativity in programming. He discusses the potential for a shift away from traditional programming methods towards more intuitive software building processes.

"these conditions you know the ideology and the dynamics and so forth okay then over the last 10ish years I mean a bit longer but a lot of the development has happened the last 10 years we've gotten um..."

23
45:32 - 46:24
0:52 duration203 words

Unexpected Beneficiaries of AI

Collison reflects on who might benefit from the evolution of programming due to AI advancements. He speculates on the unexpected beneficiaries, including designers and graduate students, and discusses the broader implications of making software creation more accessible to a wider audience.

"excited if we here at Kerser and also others in the industry are successful in automating lots of programming as we know it today and um you know replacing it with a form of software building that's m..."

24
46:24 - 48:01
1:36 duration328 words

Building Better Software with Cursor

In this segment, Collison discusses how Cursor is enhancing productivity for Stripe employees. He emphasizes the importance of continuous improvement in software development processes and shares his vision for how Cursor can further support Stripe's mission.

"I don't have a high confidence answer to that. You know, there's all sorts of trit stock answers like real assets, especially constrained real assets. Um, you know, maybe we should be long SF real est..."

25
48:01 - 50:03
2:02 duration354 words

Crafting Quality Software

Collison outlines his expectations for Cursor in terms of improving software quality and design. He stresses the need for software that is not only functional but also aesthetically pleasing and easy to use, highlighting the importance of creating high-quality software in an era of rapid technological advancement.

"point. Um, cursor has uh today hundreds and soon thousands of extremely enthusiastic strip employees who are daily users uh of uh of cursor and they report that it's a you know very significant produc..."