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The Most Practical Conversation About Writing With AI – Tyler Cowen

The Most Practical Conversation About Writing With AI – Tyler Cowen

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Tyler Cowen, an economist and writer, talks with me about how AI is changing writing and research. He explains a practical approach to using AI tools while maintaining your own voice and the ways he incorporates LLMs into his daily work. We talk about how people will be writing fewer books in the future and how he believes truly human writing will stand out among AI-generated content. Enjoy! Redeem your free week of Lex Pro at https://lex.page/perell 0:00 Intro 1:00 How Tyler Cowen uses AI everyday 6:06 Hallucinations are rapidly declining now 9:28 Writing authentically with AI 11:34 AI for critiquing your work 17:29 Future of decentralized AI networks 20:34 Why DeepSeek 22:21 How AI changes writing 24:04 Why there will be less books in an AI era 26:34 Video content will rise 28:18 Start writing with AI [LEX AD] 29:18 AI writing a personal biography 30:46 How you can tactically learning about AI 37:12 How AI can help you visualize information 38:31 Creating the perfect AI prompt 42:10 AI's impact in the classroom 46:56 Studying The Bible with AI 49:11 Secrets 50:10 Why social networks are more important now 51:48 Mastering AI prompting 53:58 Mentoring young people 54:49 Would you invest 4 years in a PhD 59:59 Perplexity replaces Google 01:01:09 The different AI tools, explained 01:05:43 The potential of large context windows 01:08:11 AI usage inside companies I also made a website that helps you learn from the best writing of all-time: https://writingexamples.com/ Hey! I’m David Perell and I’m a writer, teacher, and podcaster. I believe writing online is one of the biggest opportunities in the world today. For the first time in human history, everybody can freely share their ideas with a global audience. I seek to help as many people publish their writing online as possible. Follow me Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-write/id1700171470 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2DjMSboniFAeGA8v9NpoPv X: https://x.com/david_perell

Segments Timeline

1
0:00 - 1:02
1:02 duration211 words

The Practical Implications of AI in Writing

Tyler Cowen discusses the intersection of AI and writing, emphasizing the need for practical applications rather than theoretical debates. He shares how writers can leverage AI tools to enhance their skills and learning processes, moving beyond dystopian or utopian narratives to focus on actionable insights.

"look there are people who know a lot about AI but they don't know anything about writing and there's people who know a lot about writing but they don't know anything about Ai and Tyler Cowan is one of..."

2
1:02 - 2:41
1:38 duration324 words

AI as a Secondary Literature Tool

Cowen explains how he uses AI as a secondary literature resource while preparing for podcasts. He contrasts this with traditional methods of gathering information, highlighting the efficiency and accuracy of AI in acquiring context quickly, which allows him to engage with more topics than before.

"every day in order to advance your skills like how are you actually learning about it most of all I use AI when I read things so I use it as the secondary literature so I'm preparing a podcast for a B..."

3
2:41 - 3:14
0:33 duration116 words

Enhancing Pleasure Reading with AI

Tyler Cowen shares how AI enriches his pleasure reading by prompting deeper engagement with texts like Shakespeare's 'Richard II' and 'Wuthering Heights.' He describes how asking AI questions about the texts enhances his understanding and enjoyment, making reading a more interactive experience.

"analysis but mostly I'm doing it because for me it's fun and a pleasure to learn what are the puzzles that's an interesting question tell me about that well Shakespeare's full of puzzles right Camille..."

4
3:14 - 4:12
0:58 duration204 words

Navigating Hallucinations in AI Responses

Cowen addresses concerns about AI hallucinations, arguing that they are less of an issue for interview preparation. He emphasizes the importance of double-checking information from any source, including AI, and notes that the best models have significantly reduced hallucination rates.

"can reread it in infinite number of times so it's very well suited for having a guide or companion who can talk you through it and uh the major large language models they've all read Shakespeare itis ..."

5
4:12 - 5:03
0:50 duration184 words

Crafting Unique Questions with AI

Tyler Cowen explains his approach to using AI for generating unique and insightful questions. He advises against asking generic questions and instead suggests focusing on specific historical details to stimulate creative thinking and uncover deeper insights.

"in terms of hallucinations but it should definitely be in your repertoire so to speak now if 01 Pro on average it takes me two to four minutes to get an answer so do you have multiple 01 Pros open at ..."

6
5:03 - 6:01
0:58 duration194 words

Using AI for Legal Background Research

Cowen discusses how he occasionally uses AI to gather legal background information for his writing. He emphasizes that while he may not use the AI-generated content directly, it helps him understand complex topics better, ensuring his writing remains informed and accurate.

"for an 01 Pro answer at that time okay so what I've noticed is a lot of people think that hallucinations are a major issue and you're like they're actually not that big of a deal especially in the con..."

7
6:01 - 6:56
0:54 duration168 words

Maintaining Authenticity in Writing

Tyler Cowen expresses his commitment to preserving his unique voice in writing, stating that he does not allow AI to write for him. He values the distinctiveness of his style and prefers to use AI as a tool for enhancing his own ideas rather than replacing them.

"find things that need to be changed you said on page 172 was on page 173 that happens so that's one issue uh when you do podcasts and you're the interviewer again you're not giving the answers you jus..."

8
6:56 - 8:02
1:06 duration208 words

AI's Role in Critiquing Work

Cowen shares an experience where he used AI to critique his writing, highlighting its ability to identify potentially problematic sections. He discusses the balance between using AI for constructive feedback while ensuring that his writing retains its originality and personal touch.

"homogenizing thought but also the potential to really get out into wild and wacky places I never ask the AI what question should I ask person X it's quite dull and Bland if you do that it's too Normy ..."

9
8:02 - 9:00
0:57 duration206 words

AI for Managerial Communication

Tyler Cowen reflects on how managers use AI to soften critiques in their communications. He acknowledges the utility of AI in reducing conflict but maintains that his writing style is meant for external audiences and should reflect his authentic voice.

"will and that will be an out of left field question okay so writing with AI are you using it to frame ideas or where are you using it in the writing process I don't directly use AI for writing typical..."

10
9:00 - 10:02
1:02 duration235 words

Indexing Arguments with AI

Cowen discusses his ability to index arguments mentally and how this skill complements his writing process. He believes that while AI can assist in organizing thoughts, his own cognitive abilities allow him to navigate complex arguments effectively.

"me also a lot of the sources I write for wouldn't let me uh I agree with that decision on their part but even if they would let me I wouldn't do it there's ways you can use AI that will smooth out you..."

11
10:02 - 13:34
3:31 duration701 words

Common Mistakes in Using AI

Tyler Cowen critiques common mistakes people make when using AI, such as asking overly general questions. He emphasizes the importance of investing time in generating context and engaging deeply with AI to unlock its full potential as a learning tool.

"work better but I want it to stay weird I will use it to fact check things in areas I don't know wouldn't say I don't use it at all uh there was one use where uh Agnes card a while ago suggested this ..."

12
12:55 - 14:50
1:55 duration378 words

The Art of Prompting AI

In this segment, Cowen shares his strategy for crafting effective prompts for AI. He emphasizes the importance of providing detailed context in initial queries, often using voice dictation to articulate complex ideas. Cowen believes that a well-structured prompt can significantly improve the quality of AI responses, allowing for a more fruitful interaction with the technology.

"my time to learn and have it complement that learning and if you do that and keep on whacking it with queries and facts and questions and interpretations you'll come away much more impressed than if y..."

13
14:50 - 16:32
1:42 duration311 words

The Future of Decentralized AI

Cowen speculates on the evolution of AI into a decentralized network where multiple AI systems interact and improve each other. He draws parallels to the 'Republic of Science,' suggesting that as AI develops its own institutions and methods of self-correction, it will enhance its capabilities. This vision highlights the potential for AI to become a collaborative tool rather than a solitary one.

"the way like for humans there's a republic of science way smarter than Newton or Einstein or anyone scientist uh we're evolving toward that we don't have it yet but you're using AIS to bounce things o..."

14
16:32 - 18:27
1:54 duration353 words

Navigating the AI Revolution

In this thought-provoking segment, Cowen reflects on the psychological impact of AI on writers and educators. He acknowledges the anxiety surrounding the rapid advancements in AI, which can make established skills feel obsolete. Cowen emphasizes the need for adaptation and the importance of human creativity in a world increasingly influenced by AI-generated content.

"just a huge thing yeah and most people aren't even at level one and if we take things like reinforcement learning synthetic data stuff like that how important is the technical understanding of those t..."

15
18:27 - 20:32
2:04 duration399 words

The Changing Landscape of Writing

Cowen discusses the implications of AI on the writing profession, predicting a decline in traditional book writing. He argues that while AI can assist in generating content, it lacks the personal touch required for memoirs and subjective writing. This segment highlights the need for writers to focus on unique human experiences that AI cannot replicate.

"to that so the world I've lived in has not changed that much since I was born but that's about to change you could say it's changed already but it's not fully instantiated in most of the things we do ..."

16
20:32 - 22:14
1:42 duration310 words

DeepSeek: A Unique AI Tool

In this segment, Cowen introduces DeepSeek, an AI tool from China that he finds particularly effective for creative writing. He contrasts it with other AI systems, noting its strengths in emotional expression and poetic language. Cowen warns users about its potential for hallucination but appreciates its creative freedom, making it suitable for certain types of writing.

"than human Memoirs on average you've mentioned deep seek twice how is the the shape or personality of deep seek different from the others deep seek is from China as many of you know it is less manipul..."

17
22:14 - 24:51
2:36 duration505 words

AI's Role in Academic Writing

Cowen shares his experience using AI for academic purposes, specifically in teaching Ricardo's theory of rent. He finds that AI-generated content can surpass traditional sources like Wikipedia in quality and relevance. This segment underscores the potential of AI to enhance academic writing and research, challenging conventional methods of information gathering.

"it's due to improve right as they say this the worst will ever be the second level of of the lesson yeah exactly so how does all this influence what you're choosing to to write like should you write b..."

18
24:51 - 25:40
0:49 duration169 words

The Future of Writing: Fewer Books?

Cowen concludes by discussing the future of writing in an AI-dominated landscape. He predicts a shift towards more frequent, shorter forms of writing, such as blogs and articles, rather than traditional books. This change reflects the need for writers to adapt to the fast-paced evolution of AI and the changing preferences of readers.

"have written they're now obsolete I I feel I'm wise enough to recognize that and I'm not going to write less but I'm going to do more of this super highfrequency writing much of it about AI with the m..."

19
26:05 - 27:13
1:08 duration221 words

The Rise of Video Content in the AI Era

Cowen predicts a shift towards video content as a more engaging medium in the AI era. He discusses how video allows for a more personal connection with the audience, making it a valuable platform for sharing insights and experiences, especially as AI-generated content becomes more prevalent.

"writing as much as I can uh but I'm not going to get sentimental about it you know I'm very willing to be coldblooded and just say nope Tyler when it comes to that you're obsolete when it comes to ans..."

20
27:13 - 28:40
1:26 duration278 words

Leveraging AI for Personal Biography

Tyler Cowen shares his thoughts on using AI to create a personal biography. He explains how AI can compile information from his extensive body of work, while he plans to fill in personal anecdotes to enhance the narrative. This approach highlights the potential of AI to assist in storytelling while maintaining a human touch.

"fake Tyler looks just like me and that seems to me two years away the fake Tyler Voice already is indistinguishable for me I just did a a video where I said something wrong in the video and we were li..."

21
28:40 - 30:07
1:26 duration272 words

Creating a Comprehensive AI-Generated Biography

In this segment, Cowen elaborates on the process of writing an autobiography with the help of AI. He discusses the importance of providing context and personal stories to enrich the AI's understanding, ensuring that the final product reflects his true self and experiences.

"Lex cuz I get instant feedback if I get stuck I can ask it to interview me I can say hey this is all the writing I've done this is sort of a context of how I like to write and a little bit about what ..."

22
30:07 - 31:34
1:27 duration287 words

Learning About AI: A Non-Technical Perspective

Cowen shares his approach to learning about AI despite not being technically inclined. He emphasizes the value of curiosity and intuition over technical expertise, suggesting that a practical understanding of AI's applications can lead to innovative insights and uses.

"kind of his filler so when someone goes to their AI three years from now oh I'd like to read a Tyler Cowen biography that's in there so I'm thinking through I think it's maybe only 20 blog posts it's ..."

23
31:34 - 32:54
1:20 duration250 words

The Impact of AI on Future Generations

In this segment, Cowen discusses the broader implications of AI on society and future generations. He reflects on how AI advancements could enhance human life, but also warns of potential disruptions and challenges that may arise as technology continues to evolve.

"Advantage for me that I'm not a technical person in the AI field so an example I wrote a book it came out now 11 years ago it's called average is over and it says the future will be this age of incred..."

24
32:54 - 34:26
1:31 duration281 words

Navigating the Disruptive Nature of AI

Cowen addresses the disruptive potential of AI, comparing it to the historical impact of the printing press. He expresses concerns about the psychological and social ramifications of rapid technological advancements, urging a cautious approach to managing these changes.

"actually good for and not am I impressed by all the neat bells and whistles on this Advance with AI but you've got to be super practical in how you address it don't spend too much time on the abstract..."

25
34:26 - 35:08
0:42 duration134 words

Writing for AI: A New Approach

Cowen explores the concept of writing with AI as an audience in mind. He discusses how this shift in perspective can influence writing style and content, allowing for a more streamlined approach that caters to both AI and human readers.

"status and those disruptions can go very badly uh and that worries me uh it's not a thing you can just manage the way like you manage a small company so humanity is faced with that we're faced with so..."

26
35:08 - 36:18
1:09 duration226 words

Visualizing Information with AI

In this segment, Cowen highlights the role of AI in visualizing information. He shares his experiences and insights on how AI can enhance understanding and communication, particularly in complex topics, making information more accessible and engaging.

"source and I'm worth referencing and all that but tactically does the writing style or the substance of what you produce does it change at all it changes a bit so I like to think the AI will have a be..."

27
36:01 - 37:12
1:10 duration230 words

Visualizing Information with AI

In this segment, Cowen shares his experience of using AI to visualize complex information, such as immigration patterns. He highlights the effectiveness of AI in creating tables and graphs that enhance understanding, suggesting that visual representation can significantly improve the clarity of arguments in writing. Cowen also discusses the potential for future advancements in AI graphing capabilities.

"this for fun and it's so cheap to do the final mile on that like write those two blog posts about Fall River and what the name of our dog was and what I thought of our neighbors and why there were so ..."

28
37:12 - 38:31
1:19 duration276 words

AI in Travel: A Practical Tool

Tyler Cowen explains how he utilizes AI for practical travel inquiries, such as creating itineraries and understanding local menus. He shares anecdotes from his travels, illustrating how AI can provide quick and useful information, even in unfamiliar languages. This segment emphasizes the practical applications of AI in enhancing travel experiences and decision-making.

"of the things that you haven't spoken about that has been fundamental for me in terms of using the AIS is visualizing information so I was in Buenos CIS and I wanted to get a sense of the immigration ..."

29
38:31 - 39:10
0:38 duration122 words

The Role of AI in Personal Experiences

Cowen reflects on the balance between personal experiences and AI assistance while traveling. He discusses how AI can answer specific questions and provide insights, but emphasizes the importance of human interaction and firsthand experiences in understanding a place. This segment highlights the complementary roles of AI and personal exploration.

"DC and I struggle to kind of understand the the the cultural Vibe of this place like what do people do all day what are the kinds of people here uh I find DC to be like this strange city that I I don'..."

30
39:10 - 40:01
0:51 duration182 words

AI's Impact on Academic Writing

In this segment, Cowen addresses the integration of AI in academic settings, particularly in his PhD class. He explains how students are required to use AI tools in their writing process, fostering a new approach to academic research. Cowen advocates for embracing AI as a valuable resource rather than viewing it as a threat to traditional academic practices.

"question I think AI can help you quite a bit but you'll need a very sophisticated wellth thought out prompt I use it in a much kind of stupider way so I took a trip with my sister to Northern Colombia..."

31
40:01 - 41:04
1:02 duration200 words

Navigating AI's Learning Curve

Tyler Cowen discusses the challenges students face in effectively using AI tools. He notes that while some students are eager to learn, many lack the knowledge of how to leverage advanced AI models. This segment emphasizes the need for educational institutions to adapt and teach students how to utilize AI effectively in their academic work.

"like hey what's this help you walk by a building when was it built snap a photo ask it it knows but planning an itinerary so I will likely be in Northern Ghana in August and I asked it there's two pla..."

32
41:04 - 42:08
1:03 duration224 words

The Future of AI in Research

Cowen speculates on the future of AI in academic research, suggesting that AI will soon surpass human capabilities in producing quality papers. He discusses the implications of this shift for academia and the need for researchers to adapt to the evolving landscape of AI-assisted writing and research.

"in super smart prompts I might add a sentence or two saying like Oh I'm a serious consumer of food I want something that you know a top rated food critic might recommend but like very simple ads to th..."

33
42:08 - 43:00
0:52 duration149 words

AI and Biblical Studies

In this segment, Cowen shares his insights on using AI for studying the Bible. He highlights the effectiveness of AI in cross-referencing texts and translating ancient languages, showcasing its potential in enhancing biblical scholarship. Cowen argues that while AI is a powerful tool, it cannot replace the depth of understanding that comes from human expertise.

"they already do 100% tell me about AI in the classroom how are you using it and what are your students not understanding from my PhD class that I mentioned before there is no assigned textbook that sa..."

34
43:00 - 44:29
1:29 duration308 words

The Limitations of AI Expertise

Tyler Cowen discusses the limitations of AI in providing nuanced insights compared to human experts. He emphasizes the value of personal connections and the unique perspectives that experienced individuals can offer, which AI cannot replicate. This segment underscores the importance of mentorship and human interaction in the learning process.

"want you to tell me what you did in part because I want to learn from what they did right so uh I've done this in the past I had a law class the year before where they had three papers uh this was les..."

35
44:29 - 45:39
1:10 duration225 words

Secrets of Effective Writing

Cowen concludes by reflecting on the secrets of effective writing and the role of AI in the creative process. He suggests that while AI can assist in generating content, the essence of impactful writing lies in personal experiences and storytelling. This segment encapsulates the ongoing dialogue about the balance between technology and human creativity.

"needs to change more oral exams you know Proctor in person exams and so on uh we need to change that now it's very striking from all the questions that I've asked you then just the on line takeaway fr..."

36
46:57 - 48:02
1:04 duration219 words

Studying the Bible with AI

Tyler Cowen shares how he utilizes AI to study the Bible, emphasizing its effectiveness in cross-referencing texts and translating ancient languages. He highlights the unique advantages AI offers in analyzing public domain writings, while acknowledging its limitations compared to expert human insight.

"I use AI is to study the Bible which is sort of my big intellectual project I think it's great for the Bible it is so good it is so good and first of all that's the will of God right it's the will of ..."

37
48:02 - 49:01
0:59 duration175 words

The Limitations of AI in Deep Knowledge

Cowen discusses the shortcomings of AI when it comes to deep, nuanced understanding, particularly in fields like theology and physics. He compares AI's capabilities to those of human experts, noting that while AI can provide helpful information, it lacks the ability to ask the critical questions that lead to deeper insights.

"where it still is lacking is if I speak to somebody who really knows it well themselves their ability to ask the one question that really matters the one take away um is completely completely Next Lev..."

38
49:01 - 50:04
1:03 duration196 words

Secrets and Decentralization in AI

In this segment, Cowen explores the concept of secrets in the context of AI and decentralization. He discusses how the value of information may shift as AI becomes more prevalent, leading to a potential increase in the hoarding of knowledge rather than sharing it publicly.

"very quickly or readily that could be good for your mentorship book as well because that is what a mentor can provide is unique uh what do you say it's context Secrets humans know Secrets uh maybe AIS..."

39
50:04 - 51:02
0:57 duration204 words

The Rising Importance of Social Networks

Cowen emphasizes the growing significance of social networks in an AI-driven world. He argues that as AI tools become more accessible, the ability to mobilize human resources and connections will become increasingly valuable, potentially enhancing productivity and impact.

"practically potent it's another part of this new structure we're not ready for okay we got to talk more about this how good are you with Secrets right are you good at trading Secrets if you are you're..."

40
51:02 - 52:30
1:27 duration252 words

Effective AI Prompting Techniques

Cowen shares insights on how to effectively prompt AI systems for better results. He suggests focusing on specific questions and using follow-ups to refine outputs, highlighting the importance of clarity and precision in AI interactions.

"do exactly the opposite that's right and if you want to get things done you'll need to mobilize resources the AI per se can't lend you money not yet at least and you need humans whether it's a venture..."

41
52:30 - 54:39
2:09 duration406 words

Mentorship and Networking in the AI Era

In this segment, Cowen discusses the role of mentorship and peer networks in navigating the complexities of an AI-rich environment. He offers practical advice on seeking better mentors and improving one's network to thrive in a rapidly changing landscape.

"challenging and do you feel it's becoming more important or less important oh that oscillates very rapidly I would say with deep research it's become much much more important yeah because you you need..."

42
54:39 - 56:05
1:26 duration287 words

The Future of PhDs in an AI World

Cowen reflects on the evolving landscape of education and career paths, questioning the value of traditional PhDs in light of AI advancements. He suggests that while fewer PhDs may be needed, understanding AI and its applications will be crucial for future professionals.

"they're good advice for virtually everyone they don't require you to know much about the person those are my two Universal pieces of advice that I give pretty much all the time and how much do you fee..."

43
56:05 - 57:12
1:06 duration235 words

Writing for AI Note Takers

Cowen discusses the implications of AI note-taking on public speaking and writing. He suggests that speakers should consider how AI might interpret their content, emphasizing the need to adapt communication styles to engage effectively with AI audiences.

"networks you got to both so there is more of a burden on you and it's less formulaic so what you used to do oh I'm an undergrad at Yale I want to go to McKenzie there were all these set paths that wer..."

44
57:12 - 58:51
1:39 duration307 words

The Homogenization of AI Responses

Cowen addresses the potential for AI-generated content to become homogenized, lacking the unique flair of human creativity. He encourages users to seek out diverse and unconventional ideas from AI to counteract this trend.

"matters and I would just say give it some thought how is the Phantom AI also shaping your life too homogenizing why do you say that if you just ask AI simple questions like improve my writing or what ..."

45
58:51 - 1:00:59
2:08 duration422 words

Exploring Deep Seek and Perplexity

In this final segment, Cowen shares his experiences with AI tools like Deep Seek and Perplexity, highlighting their practical applications in research and writing. He emphasizes the importance of using these tools creatively to enhance the quality of outputs.

"answer here you know there's not something at stake we're writing a report or column where everything has to be perfectly correct you just want to hear an opinion Let's go ask China boss and that's de..."

46
1:01:09 - 1:02:22
1:13 duration210 words

Navigating the AI Tool Landscape

In this segment, Tyler outlines his preferred AI tools, including O1 Pro and Claude, and their specific applications in his work. He emphasizes the importance of experimenting with different models to find the best fit for various tasks, while also acknowledging the potential of emerging technologies.

"saying it's all you should use you should use more and experiment with more to learn things but I use o1 Pro the most deep research which is kind of an offshoot it's a feature of o1 pro that actually ..."

47
1:02:22 - 1:03:39
1:17 duration242 words

The Future of AI and Data Privacy

Tyler explores the implications of AI tools like Gemini and their ability to handle large documents. He discusses the future of data privacy and the potential for decentralized AI systems that allow users to manage their own data without relying on external companies.

"you're sending things to China my view is China knows a lot about me already I'm not at all nervous about that but like don't you know if you work for the military the CIA talk to some people give it ..."

48
1:03:39 - 1:05:03
1:24 duration264 words

The Human Project: Feeding Knowledge into AI

Tyler envisions a future where humanity focuses on converting vast amounts of historical and cultural knowledge into formats usable by AI. He discusses the challenges and opportunities this presents, emphasizing the need for human effort in curating and digitizing information.

"Gemini is there's some ways in which its multimodal capabilities and its ability to handle big thick files it's number one the fact that Google owns YouTube makes it really nice because the YouTube in..."

49
1:05:03 - 1:09:00
3:57 duration691 words

The Secret Innovations of AI Companies

In the concluding segment, Tyler reflects on the innovative uses of AI within companies and the significant gap between public models and proprietary technologies. He speculates on the advancements being made behind closed doors and the potential impact on the future of AI development.

"minutes and it will send you to some articles and another thing I do it's $400 a year but worth it for me I subscribe to information which keeps a breast of new AI developments I don't think it's wort..."