
52 segments available
Ethan Smith is the CEO of Graphite, a boutique growth agency that’s helped companies like MasterClass, Thumbtack, Robinhood, Medium, and Honey develop and execute their SEO strategies. SEO is one of the least-understood levers for growth, while also one with the biggest payoff. This episode is a true master class on all things SEO. Ethan shares a wealth of information, including when you should begin investing in SEO, how to build an SEO team, and the three main buckets of SEO. He explains the difference between topics and keywords, gives the exact heuristics and tools to help you be successful in developing and implementing your own SEO strategy, and also goes deep on how to deal with roadblocks and advocate for resources. — Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-ultimate-guide-to-seo-ethan-smith — Where to find Ethan Smith: • Twitter: https://twitter.com/ethan_l_s • LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ethanls/ • Graphite: https://www.graphitehq.com/ — Where to find Lenny: • Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com • Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan • LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/ — Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible: • Coda: https://coda.io/lenny • Mixpanel: https://mixpanel.com/startups • Lemon.io: https://lemon.io/lenny — Referenced: • Product-Led SEO: The Why Behind Building Your Organic Growth Strategy https://a.co/d/2wkN4dx • Topical Authority Analysis: https://bit.ly/topical-authority-tool • SEO Link Analysis: https://bit.ly/diagnostic-internal-links • SEO Links API: https://bit.ly/graphite-internal-links-api • Screaming Frog: https://www.screamingfrog.co.uk/seo-spider/ • Brandon Lee of Power: https://www.linkedin.com/in/brandonhli • Similarweb traffic analysis: https://www.similarweb.com/ • MasterClass: https://www.masterclass.com/ • BetterUp: https://www.betterup.com/ • NerdWallet: https://www.nerdwallet.com/ • HubSpot: https://www.hubspot.com/ • Ahrefs: https://ahrefs.com/ • Semrush: https://www.semrush.com/ • Google Search Console: https://search.google.com/search-console/about • Clearscope: https://www.clearscope.io/ • Yuriy Timen on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-grow-a-subscription-business-yuriy-timen-grammarly-canva-airtable/ • Gokul Rajaram on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/gokul-rajaram-on-designing-your-product-development-process-when-and-how-to-hire-your-first-pm-a-playbook-for-hiring-leaders-getting-ahead-in-you-career-how-to-get-started-angel-investing-more/ • Luc Levesque on Twitter: https://twitter.com/luclevesque • Search Off the Record: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/search-off-the-record/id1512522198 • GPT-3: https://gpt3demo.com/apps/openai-gpt-3-playground — In this episode, we cover: (00:00) Ethan’s background (07:53) Why technical audits are the biggest myth in SEO (10:05) When to invest in SEO (16:09) Heuristics to determine if SEO is worth it (18:36) The three buckets of SEO: programmatic, editorial, and technical (23:30) The process for creating an SEO strategy (27:00) Why you shouldn’t be too formulaic (28:33) What is site engagement? (29:31) Which pages need to be indexed (31:49) Topics vs. keywords (36:33) How to mine competitors’ sites for information (37:41) Useful tools for developing your SEO strategy (40:14) How long will it take to see results? (45:16) Factors to consider when looking to hire an SEO person (47:33) The functions of a programmatic SEO person (49:19) How to do testing (54:06) Editorial SEO strategy (57:14) How to scale based on the size of the site (59:51) Page types (1:01:53) How to win in a topic category (1:03:12) How to build solid hypotheses and test them (1:06:13) How to deal with roadblocks and advocate for resources (1:08:54) How topical and domain authority are determined (1:16:43) The power of internal links (1:24:32) Why AI is not usually useful for content creation (1:28:31) Final tips for getting started with SEO — Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.
Ethan Smith discusses the common misconception that companies under-resource SEO while over-investing in ads. He emphasizes the importance of having a strong SEO team, especially when spending significantly on advertising, to maximize traffic and growth potential.
"I think people under resource SEO a lot of times and over resource ads so if you're Zillow you're going to spend tens of millions of dollars on ads or if you're eBay you're gonna spend tens of million..."
Lenny introduces Ethan Smith, the CEO of Graphite, highlighting his expertise in SEO and his experience with notable companies like MasterClass and Robinhood. Lenny sets the stage for a deep dive into actionable SEO strategies and insights that can help listeners grow their products.
"welcome to Lenny's podcast I'm Lenny and my goal here is to help you get better at the craft of building and growing products I interview world-class product leaders and growth experts to learn from t..."
Lenny shares his experience with Coda, an all-in-one document tool that combines documents, spreadsheets, and apps. He explains how he uses Coda for organizing his newsletter, managing content, and collaborating on projects, emphasizing its productivity benefits.
"coda is an all-in-one doc that combines the best of documents spreadsheets and apps in one place I actually use Coda every single day it's my home base for organizing my newsletter writing it's where ..."
Lenny introduces Mixpanel, a powerful product analytics tool that enables teams to make quick, data-driven decisions without compromising on speed. He highlights Mixpanel's capabilities and encourages listeners to explore its offerings.
"and get a thousand dollars in credit on your account this episode is brought to you by mixpanel offering powerful self-serve product Analytics do listen to this podcast you know that it's really hard ..."
Ethan shares his background, starting from user research and UX design to discovering SEO while working at a commerce company. He explains how he learned SEO through trial and error, leading to the development of programmatic SEO strategies.
"Ethan welcome to the podcast thank you for having me it's my pleasure so you're the CEO of graphite which is one of the top growth agencies in the world and you guys are especially good at SEO which t..."
Ethan discusses the founding of Graphite, his SEO agency, which emerged from his consulting work with major companies. He explains how the demand for effective SEO strategies led him to establish an agency focused on delivering results and building content strategies.
"Commerce company in 2007 and I made what I thought were pretty nice designs and nobody was using them so I wanted to figure out how to get people to actually come we were buying ads but they're really..."
Ethan addresses common myths about SEO, particularly the misconception that technical audits are sufficient for growth. He emphasizes the need for a comprehensive SEO strategy that includes both technical and editorial components to drive real results.
"I think that that's actually a a perfect profile even though it was somewhat unintentional I haven't heard of someone's company being bought by Whirlpool yet you've you've uh you're the first can you ..."
Ethan explains when companies should focus on SEO as a growth channel. He outlines key attributes of products and companies that indicate SEO could be a significant growth driver, including market size and existing authority.
"myths about SEO they've been number one biggest myth are technical audits so we we have people reaching out saying we want to Tech audit and essentially what that is is give me a list of bugs to fix w..."
Ethan shares how to assess a company's potential for SEO success by evaluating traffic sources and authority signals. He discusses the importance of having a baseline of non-SEO traffic and referring domains to establish credibility in Google's eyes.
"kind of three things I want to focus on today one is when to SEO as a company two is how to SEO and three is just to cover a few important Concepts that folks need to understand if they want to be rea..."
Ethan elaborates on the significance of understanding the addressable market for SEO. He explains how to evaluate market size and the importance of targeting the right personas to create effective content strategies that resonate with potential customers.
"want to see at least I would say 1 000 visits a day roughly for for non-seo at least you have five visits that that that's very little and then the second thing I'll look at is the number of referring..."
Ethan Smith discusses the concept of audience competitors versus product competitors in SEO. He explains how audience competitors can provide insights into the size of the market and how having authority can enhance competitive positioning. This segment emphasizes the importance of traction and how SEO can amplify existing traffic.
"product competitor but it's an audience competitor and so these competitors basically can tell you what the size of that market is so that's how I think about the addressable market so ideally it's la..."
In this segment, Ethan outlines key indicators for determining when to invest in SEO. He highlights the significance of having a substantial amount of organic traffic and discusses the importance of non-SEO traffic as a credibility signal to Google. This insight helps businesses understand the right timing for SEO investment.
"okay wow there's so much there I'm gonna try to summarize because I think that was just like a million nuggets in one answer so the the way to think about this if I'm just kind of reflecting back what..."
Ethan elaborates on the types of traffic sources that contribute to a site's credibility in Google's eyes. He explains that a diverse traffic portfolio, including direct, paid, and social traffic, enhances a site's authority. This segment provides a framework for evaluating a site's readiness for SEO.
"meeting like what are examples that when you say that usually direct and paid but um direct paid email social uh anything else and why is it that it's not from search so Google wants to see that you'r..."
Ethan shares heuristics for evaluating whether a market is suitable for SEO investment. He discusses the importance of analyzing competitors' traffic and how to assess the potential for SEO growth based on existing benchmarks. This segment is crucial for startups considering SEO as a growth strategy.
"more Authority the more shares you have more Authority so the more of these signals the more you're a known brand in Google's eyes and the more Authority you have and the better you can rank so it's t..."
In this segment, Ethan introduces the concept of impact versus scope when evaluating SEO opportunities. He explains how user-generated content (UGC) and product offerings can influence the ease of competing in the SEO landscape. This insight helps businesses strategize their SEO investments based on their unique offerings.
"benchmarks is the idea consider investing in this so that you can eventually start doubling down an SEO or is it just let it happen and kind of see if it even happens on its own you could do either us..."
Ethan outlines the three main buckets of SEO: programmatic, editorial, and technical. He explains how each type serves different purposes and how businesses can leverage them based on their specific needs. This segment provides a foundational understanding of the various approaches to SEO.
"to awesome okay so that touches on when to start focusing on SEO and I'm going to ask you if there's anything else you should think about about the win but it feels like the other piece is even more i..."
Ethan dives deeper into programmatic SEO, explaining how it involves automatically generated pages from databases. He provides examples of how companies like eBay and Zillow utilize programmatic SEO effectively. This segment is essential for understanding how to scale SEO efforts efficiently.
"by Channel and then total times percent non-seo equals total total traffic from non-seal and you may have mentioned this but again what are heuristics looking at that data that's like okay this Market..."
In this segment, Ethan discusses the growing importance of editorial SEO, where content is created by writers. He highlights how editorial SEO has surpassed programmatic SEO in driving traffic and emphasizes its relevance for most companies. This insight is vital for businesses looking to enhance their content strategy.
"totals times what I think my conversion rate is equals sales compare that with other channels so how much could I get paid how much could I get Messier how much could I get from social and then that's..."
Ethan explains the role of technical SEO, which focuses on the infrastructure of a website. He discusses elements like internal linking, page speed, and redirects that are crucial for optimizing a site for search engines. This segment provides a comprehensive overview of the technical aspects of SEO.
"content automatically like Glassdoor or Zillow or zapier is there something else that tells you this is going to be really useful this is going to be a good product to use for SEO or the opposite ones..."
Ethan addresses how to choose the best SEO strategy based on a company's specific circumstances. He emphasizes the importance of aligning SEO efforts with the addressable market and the types of pages that will resonate with target audiences. This segment is key for businesses to tailor their SEO approach effectively.
"to compete uh in the address of Market if you have a ton of ugc like Glassdoor the scope is lower so the more ugc you have the more uh like prezillo the more addresses you have for a shopping site the..."
In this segment, Ethan explains how to determine the appropriate page types for SEO by analyzing keyword themes. He provides a method for identifying successful page types based on search results, which is crucial for creating effective content that ranks well. This insight is essential for optimizing web pages.
"good time I think to introduce these buckets of types of SEO you mentioned programmatically editorial can you just talk about what these buckets are and what they what they mean there's programmatic S..."
Ethan discusses the significance of user engagement in SEO, explaining how it affects rankings. He emphasizes the need to create valuable content that meets user needs, which in turn enhances engagement metrics. This segment highlights the relationship between user experience and SEO success.
"generated based on information in their database for a site with ugc like Glassdoor that that is programmatically generated as well so that's programmatic SEO it's usually category pages and item Page..."
Ethan Smith discusses the importance of understanding what Google values when creating content. He emphasizes that rather than merely copying competitors, one should focus on creating valuable pages that meet user needs. By aligning content with user intent and enhancing engagement, websites can improve their rankings and resilience against algorithm changes.
"so it sounds like essentially you're this detective trying to understand and reverse engineer what Google wants out of this General topic is that the way to think about it yes and the only thing that ..."
In this segment, Ethan explains how Google evaluates engagement metrics to determine page rankings. He highlights the significance of click-through rates and user retention on pages, noting that higher engagement signals lead to better rankings. Understanding these metrics is crucial for optimizing SEO strategies effectively.
"engagement is Click through on the page that Google sends you or something else gets click through so it's if I typed in best camera what's the rate of clicking on my position versus somebody else so ..."
Ethan outlines the process of generating SEO pages, discussing the balance between quantity and quality. He explains that while large e-commerce sites may have millions of pages, most businesses should focus on creating high-quality category and product pages that fulfill user intent without overwhelming their resources.
"pages is the number of URLs but you wouldn't want to index things that are thin or empty or we have a product that's out of stock and there's no description there's no reviews you might not want to ra..."
Ethan emphasizes the transition from a keyword-centric approach to a topic-focused strategy in SEO. He explains how modern algorithms recognize the semantic relationships between keywords, allowing a single page to rank for multiple related terms. This shift is essential for maximizing search volume and improving content relevance.
"then there's a bunch of other category pages so you basically take the 20 million Commerce keywords and then you group The keywords at the topic level and then you launch just those so that's how you ..."
In this segment, Ethan provides real-world examples of how companies like MasterClass and BetterUp successfully implement topic strategies. He illustrates how comprehensive content that addresses various subtopics can enhance engagement and improve rankings, demonstrating the effectiveness of a well-rounded SEO approach.
"and so there's typically about any given page is typically going to rank or be able to rank for about 200 to 2 000 different keywords and um this is important for a few different reasons so the first ..."
Ethan discusses the methodology for prioritizing topics based on competitor analysis and search volume. He explains how to identify gaps in content and leverage tools to cluster keywords effectively, ensuring that SEO efforts are directed towards high-impact areas that align with user intent.
"early on was able to outrank Food Network who has way more who had way more Authority in in food is because other companies had these gaps they were not looking at all 400 keywords and they didn't tal..."
Ethan shares his top tools for developing an effective SEO strategy, including Google Search Console and Clearscope. He highlights the importance of using these tools for content analysis, keyword research, and performance tracking, providing insights into how they can enhance SEO efforts.
"was going to ask you what the butter lettuce example is that how you how did you figure out that there was a big opportunity there it was like the the light bulb so what we do is we'll look for compet..."
Ethan addresses common concerns about the timeline for seeing results from SEO efforts. He explains that while it typically takes six to nine months to see significant changes, factors like existing authority and engagement can accelerate this process. Understanding these timelines helps set realistic expectations for SEO investments.
"internal tools a graphite that that are not accessible but we used to power some of the stuff that I talked about where there's not already a tool so topics like I mentioned we have internal tools for..."
In this segment, Ethan shares insights on identifying early signals of success in SEO. He explains that ranking for keywords, even at lower positions, can indicate progress. Ethan warns against prematurely concluding failure based on initial results and stresses the importance of analyzing engagement metrics to inform ongoing SEO strategies.
"take days so for you know for for a large site I could take a master and eBay it's probably one to four weeks was the rough timeline once you're really optimized so as a Founder you're probably listen..."
Ethan discusses the best approaches for hiring SEO talent, weighing the benefits of bringing in-house experts versus working with agencies. He emphasizes the need for specialized skills in programmatic SEO and suggests that companies should invest adequately in SEO resources, especially when they are spending significantly on ads.
"this episode is brought to you by lemon.io you've achieved product Market fit you're able to activate engage and retain your customers but you don't have the engineers that you need to move as fast as..."
Ethan elaborates on the types of candidates to look for when hiring for SEO roles. He highlights the differences between programmatic and editorial SEO, suggesting that programmatic SEO requires more specialized skills. He advises looking for candidates who have demonstrated success in driving SEO growth, even if they come from lesser-known companies.
"of hands visit lemon.io Lenny when you're starting to invest in SEO say Founders listening to this and they're like yes SEO let's do it how do you recommend they hire for this person slash have somebo..."
In this segment, Ethan outlines the daily responsibilities of a programmatic SEO specialist. He explains that their work involves building taxonomies, collaborating with engineers, and analyzing competitor sites to identify successful strategies. Ethan emphasizes the importance of understanding what works in the industry to replicate success.
"skill and there aren't that many people if you can hire somebody who's great at that I you know it I'm biased towards in-house even though I run a Consulting agency I'm still biased in-house so if you..."
Ethan discusses the importance of testing in SEO, advising that testing should occur after initial strategies are launched. He explains the difference between A/B testing and sequential testing, and emphasizes the need for thorough analysis of competitor sites to inform effective testing and strategy development.
"programmatic SEO person that reminds me of go cool gave this great advice that when you're looking for a specific function instead of trying to just create for everyone that does this skill look for t..."
Ethan shares insights on creating effective SEO content, stressing the importance of selecting the right topics and ensuring comprehensive coverage of subtopics. He discusses the role of writers in the SEO process and the necessity of providing them with structured outlines to enhance content quality and relevance.
"hypothesis so that's what I'm spending most of my time on is there an example that comes to mind of what you just described where maybe you test it too much and instead of just like looking at whether..."
In this segment, Ethan explains how to scale content production effectively. He outlines the initial steps for creating an SEO strategy, including starting small with 10 to 30 articles per month and gradually increasing output based on performance indicators. He emphasizes the importance of understanding the addressable market and prioritizing topics to avoid overwhelming the team while ensuring quality content creation.
"workflow amazing this SEO person so it's still a dedicated SEO person who's running an editorial SEO strategy and they have people that are doing the writing they're not usually doing the writing and ..."
Ethan breaks down the different types of pages crucial for SEO, including category pages, item pages, and user-generated content pages. He explains how to prioritize page types based on their potential impact and scope within the addressable market. This segment provides a clear framework for understanding how to structure content effectively to meet SEO goals.
"initial team look like is it an SEO person and a writer person is it just one person can do it all initially what do you suggest there probably someone doing strategy and someone writing you could do ..."
Ethan discusses strategies for dominating specific topics in SEO, using 'butter lettuce' as an example. He explains the importance of analyzing keyword overlap and determining whether to consolidate content into one comprehensive page or create multiple variations. This segment emphasizes the need for strategic content planning to enhance visibility and ranking in search results.
"special cases so a special case would be tool Pages like a mortgage calculator or a body mass index calculator for zapier has integration Pages Google Sheets plus Gmail so that's a special page type f..."
Ethan addresses the confusion surrounding SEO strategies and the conflicting advice often encountered. He advises listeners to rely on data analysis and testing to validate hypotheses rather than solely following trends or opinions. This segment encourages a hands-on approach to learning SEO by analyzing competitors and engaging with industry experts for insights.
"there's so much uh meat to this I'm just my brain is is full but I have many more things I would ask so let me let me ask a few more things one is just like a meta question it feels like there's a lot..."
In this segment, Ethan highlights the common challenges faced in SEO due to resource constraints. He discusses the importance of integrating SEO into the product organization and securing executive buy-in to prioritize SEO initiatives. Ethan shares insights on how to navigate these challenges to ensure that SEO strategies are effectively implemented and not stalled.
"uh to get the uh those answers awesome uh Luke's coming on this podcast actually and not too distant future looks great I'm looking forward to it yeah he's a big deal now you mentioned that some compa..."
Ethan concludes by discussing the significance of establishing topical authority as a core component of an SEO strategy. He contrasts this with a keyword-focused approach, emphasizing that becoming an authority on specific topics can lead to better search rankings and overall SEO success. This segment encapsulates the essence of building a robust SEO strategy centered around expertise and relevance.
"there's a bunch of topics I want to touch on before we wrap up this is already I think going to be the longest episode we've done but well worth it because rarely have I heard this much depth on such ..."
Ethan explains how backlinks play a pivotal role in determining a site's authority and ranking on Google. He discusses the historical context of PageRank and how the number and quality of backlinks influence search engine results. This segment provides insights into how to effectively build links and the importance of understanding the relationship between backlinks and topical authority, making it essential for anyone involved in SEO.
"Google's looking for which sites are disproportionately known they have disproportionate Authority for certain themes versus others and so those themes come from what is the anchor text of your backli..."
Ethan shares a practical example of how a recipe site leveraged a viral blog post to enhance its overall domain authority. He explains how content related to a successful topic can help rank for adjacent topics, illustrating the interconnectedness of content in SEO. This segment is valuable for marketers looking to expand their reach by strategically targeting related themes.
"and we see that a lot an example with master class is early on they had Authority for the names of the instructors like Gordon Ramsay but not for food in general and so we knew that if we had Authorit..."
In this segment, Ethan clarifies the distinction between topics and keywords in SEO. He emphasizes the importance of identifying clusters of keywords that share similar search results, which can help in defining broader topics. This understanding is crucial for developing a focused SEO strategy that targets specific themes rather than just individual keywords.
"when people think about the idea of a topic you mentioned a bunch of examples butter lettuce Gordon Ramsay is is usually just like a topic versus a keyword a topic is like a one word or two word descr..."
Ethan discusses how Google constructs topic graphs and the significance of co-occurrences in search results. He explains that Google's algorithms dynamically generate these graphs based on web crawls and user interactions, which helps in understanding the relationships between different topics. This insight is essential for SEO professionals aiming to align their content strategies with Google's evolving search algorithms.
"topic lives in a in an overall graph is is an ingredient graph or same with with Commerce you know uh Home Goods versus cameras there's a whole tree structure so that's how you can think about adjacen..."
Ethan highlights the often-overlooked importance of internal linking in SEO. He shares his experiences from past roles, demonstrating how a well-structured internal linking strategy can significantly boost traffic to underperforming pages. This segment provides actionable insights for optimizing internal links to enhance site visibility and crawlability.
"understood cool we'll definitely link to that uh that podcast a few more questions I definitely want to get through and then we can wrap up one is I know you're a big proponent of internal links and t..."
In this final segment, Ethan elaborates on the mechanics of building an effective internal linking structure. He discusses the need for a flat site architecture to facilitate easier crawling by search engines and shares strategies for ensuring that all pages receive adequate internal links. This segment is a must-watch for anyone looking to improve their site's SEO performance through better internal linking practices.
"enough to give it enough credit and um 90 plus sites don't have this the reason why is because internal link algorithms are typically either basset-based recommendation based or popular based so for f..."
In this segment, Ethan reflects on the challenges and rewards of working in SEO. He shares his early struggles with testing strategies that didn't yield results and how perseverance can lead to significant traffic gains. He highlights the satisfaction that comes from seeing the impact of SEO efforts on a company's growth and the unique mindset of those who thrive in this field.
"probably anything that I can recommend to companies as the quick win the thing to do at the at the start it's this what a nugget to have towards the end of this long conversation folks that are still ..."
Ethan critiques the use of AI, specifically GPT-3, for generating SEO content. He argues that while AI can produce grammatically correct text, it often lacks factual accuracy and underlying wisdom. He emphasizes the importance of human oversight in content creation and discusses scenarios where AI can be beneficial, such as structuring data for informative articles.
"thing is uh there's a certain profile of a of a growth person or an SEO person who really likes to do things they're not supposed to do and to break things and to do things that are unconventional and..."
Ethan provides actionable steps for those looking to explore SEO opportunities. He advises assessing the size of the addressable market and evaluating one's authority in the space. He encourages listeners to compare SEO with other growth strategies and to consider the potential return on investment before committing resources.
"Content generation where AI is really useful is actually all the other stuff that I talked about so if you think about the workflow of creating content you start with what should I be writing about wh..."
In the closing segment, Ethan shares how listeners can connect with him and learn more about Graphite. He expresses gratitude for the opportunity to share insights on SEO and acknowledges the value of community knowledge sharing. This segment wraps up the conversation, highlighting the importance of collaboration in the growth and SEO space.
"do Ethan this episode is Bonkers I think there's millions of dollars worth of value in this last hour and a half that we've been here I am so appreciative of you making the time I'm gonna go eat some ..."