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YC Partner Geoff Ralston talks to CoinList Co-Founder and President Andy Bromberg. Transcript and additional content are here: https://www.startupschool.org/videos/55 Learn more at https://www.startupschool.org/
Andy Bromberg shares his journey into entrepreneurship, starting from high school where he began web design and marketing businesses. He reflects on how his initial motivation was to avoid traditional jobs like working at a supermarket, leading him to discover a passion for building and creating. This segment highlights the formative experiences that shaped his entrepreneurial spirit.
"today is Thursday which usually means that adora or myself sit up here with someone notable and have a hopefully interesting conversation the someone notable we have today is Andy Bromberg my friend a..."
In this segment, Andy discusses his transition from high school entrepreneurship to attending Stanford University. He reflects on the decision to pursue higher education despite the allure of continuing his entrepreneurial ventures. Andy emphasizes the importance of education and the opportunities it provided, while also hinting at the entrepreneurial bug that would resurface during his time at Stanford.
"and hiring a team and managing a team and firing people and figuring out how to how did you do all those things while you were in high school I did yeah I got started was a lot of fun what what made y..."
Andy recounts his experience in the Startup Engineering class at Stanford, taught by Paul D. S. Furnivall. He explains how this class focused on practical skills necessary for entrepreneurship, contrasting it with traditional university courses. This segment showcases how the class inspired him and his peers to form the Stanford Bitcoin group, marking a significant step in his entrepreneurial journey.
"not a primary so did you so you really weren't thinking of this as like I'm an entrepreneur and I'm gonna be like my family's been entrepreneurs forever it was more an escape an alternate route from s..."
In this segment, Andy discusses the formation of the Stanford Bitcoin group in 2012-2013. He reflects on the skepticism surrounding Bitcoin at the time and how the group engaged in research and evangelism for cryptocurrency. This experience laid the groundwork for his future ventures in the crypto space, highlighting the early days of Bitcoin's rise.
"truly would have been kind of delusions of grandeur at that point they were these were like little things they were fun and they made money and I you know covered my expenses and was able to do what I..."
Andy shares the story of leaving Stanford to co-found Sidewire, a platform for political discourse. He explains how he and his co-founder aimed to create a space for experts to discuss news without the noise of social media. This segment delves into the motivations behind Sidewire and the challenges they faced in building the platform.
"a class much like this one that said know if you're actually going to do this what you need to do there's a lot of time with guest lecturers coming to classes a lot of time with you know things like i..."
In this segment, Andy discusses the insights gained from running Sidewire during the 2016 presidential election cycle. He reflects on the unique conversations happening on the platform and the challenges of engaging users in meaningful political discourse. This highlights the complexities of creating a successful platform in a crowded media landscape.
"company and left even that behind well so that different company was side wire which interestingly seems like it's more relevant today maybe more than Bitcoin because it was all about like real news r..."
Andy elaborates on the difficulties Sidewire faced in attracting and retaining users despite having a wealth of expert content. He discusses the disconnect between the supply of quality discussions and the demand for engagement, providing insights into the challenges of building a two-sided marketplace in the digital age.
"someone solve it so maybe for the benefit of these folks and never fear we will we will talk about crypto TED talk a little bit if you would about the process of starting the company you left school t..."
In this segment, Andy reflects on the lessons learned from his experience with Sidewire, including the importance of having supportive investors and the challenges of scaling a startup. He shares insights on the dynamics of fundraising and the impact of investor relationships on the success of a venture.
"build and so we said alright well we need to get some validation for this before we get going which was just the the state of mind that we were and I don't think this is always true for entrepreneurs ..."
Andy discusses the ongoing need for platforms that facilitate meaningful political conversations. He reflects on the challenges of engaging audiences in smart discussions and the critical role that startups play in addressing these issues. This segment emphasizes the importance of innovation in the media landscape.
"was just yeah sending out 44 Dawn's a lot of DocuSign son send out but imagine one one issue with like 40 or 50 or 60 investors is that even if you really try to only get high quality investors the pr..."
Andy Bromberg discusses the difficulties faced by his startup in retaining user engagement despite having high-quality content and expert discussions. He reflects on the challenges of creating a two-sided marketplace for smart conversations and the struggle to attract and retain an audience in a landscape dominated by short, sensational content.
"seed round and then we launched the product and ran it for a couple years and ultimately wound it down last summer yeah 22:17 mid-2017 I think from a product perspective just just just before you get ..."
Bromberg shares the tough decision-making process behind winding down his startup. He explains how the team recognized that their core business model was not viable for venture-scale success, leading to transparent discussions with investors and ultimately deciding to move on to new opportunities.
"and testing it but a thesis we felt really strongly about it wasn't so far as build and they will come but we thought this is a marketplace a two sided marketplace if we can get the supply if we can g..."
In this segment, Bromberg emphasizes the role of supportive investors during challenging times. He reflects on how having a strong investor base made it easier to make difficult decisions, such as shutting down the company, and how this support was crucial for the team's morale and future endeavors.
"try a couple other related but more more than ten or twenty four twenty degree tweaks but related topics you know a subscription service we tried for a little bit and pitched some enterprise related t..."
Bromberg discusses the challenges of building habits around consuming longer-form news content. He contrasts the need for bite-sized information in today's fast-paced environment with the value of in-depth discussions, highlighting the difficulty of getting users to engage with substantial content.
"last question on side where do you think if you could have persuaded President Trump to call you fake news you might have been able to survive you know it's that we've talked about that a lot um I I d..."
Bromberg reflects on his return to the cryptocurrency space after initially hesitating due to uncertainty about the future of cryptocurrencies. He shares how his perspective shifted by 2017, leading him to believe in the viability of multiple cryptocurrencies and his involvement with CoinList.
"habits are easiest started with something very small that might eventually expand to something big and think about how much time many people spend on Facebook but it often starts with something really..."
In this segment, Bromberg explains the inception of CoinList as a collaboration between Protocol Labs and AngelList. He discusses the purpose of CoinList in facilitating token sales, particularly for the Filecoin project, and the significance of this venture in the evolving landscape of cryptocurrency.
"how did that transpire yeah so even to take a step further back than that when I left school in 2014 I was crazy interested in crypto spending a ton of time on it with the the Stanford Bitcoin group m..."
Bromberg provides a foundational overview of what cryptocurrencies and tokens are, explaining their role as scarce digital assets. He discusses the concept of token sales and how they function within the broader cryptocurrency ecosystem, setting the stage for deeper discussions on specific tokens.
"run we can talk more about what that number might be and how we should think about that but I feel comfortable going back to the space now and the story with coin list is that coin was started about a..."
Bromberg delves into the enigmatic origins of Bitcoin, created by the pseudonymous Satoshi Nakamoto. He highlights the significance of Bitcoin's decentralized nature and the implications of its anonymous creator on the cryptocurrency market and its future.
"selling them yeah yeah everyone yes you know at its core yeah exactly at its core a token is a scarce digital asset we'll talk more about what each of these things mean a scarcity lasts that that repr..."
In this segment, Bromberg discusses Protocol Labs and its role in launching Filecoin. He explains how Filecoin aims to create a decentralized market for file storage, linking the token's value to the utility it provides within its network.
"literally no idea if anyone has anyone right and so that is kind of the ultimate ideal how to think about it that that's possible you can launch this token network and have it go out into the world an..."
Bromberg addresses the complexities of valuing tokens in the cryptocurrency space. He compares the valuation of tokens to that of websites, emphasizing the need to understand the specific use cases and applications behind each token to assess their value accurately.
"list was working on was was not like you could say bitcoin is a value you know itself it's like a new currency but the token for protocol Labs was inextricably linked to a different value that was bei..."
Bromberg introduces Filecoin as a token designed for file storage transactions. He explains how it aims to solve the issues of traditional file storage solutions, like Amazon S3, by decentralizing storage and allowing users to rent out their excess storage space.
"question about how to value a website and actually is the way people have always valued things which is well I would say huh let tell me about the cash flows that that website will generate over time ..."
In this segment, Bromberg elaborates on the decentralized model of file storage, likening it to Airbnb. He discusses how users can rent out their unused storage space, creating a more efficient and cost-effective solution while addressing issues of censorship and trust.
"looks something like Amazon s3 if Jeff has files that he wants to store and I'm say I'm gonna start a business that helps him store these files I'm probably gonna buy a bunch of servers and Jeff's gon..."
Bromberg explains the importance of incentive alignment in blockchain technology. He discusses how Filecoin uses a staking mechanism to ensure that users storing files are incentivized to act honestly, thus eliminating the need for a central authority.
"problems we talked about it does first of all make it a little bit cheaper most likely because this is kind of late and storage space is cheaper than buying new servers but still there's a middleman r..."
This segment covers how Filecoin employs a network of verifiers to ensure the integrity of file storage. Bromberg describes the process of verification and how it allows for a trustless system where users can be confident their files are stored correctly without relying on a central intermediary.
"interesting step number one you're on to the second problem which is who's the judge of that if we're not trusting a central intermediary how do we know if you are not storing the files well or corrup..."
Bromberg articulates the core principle of blockchain technology: creating trustless systems through proper incentive alignment. He emphasizes the significance of building economic systems that facilitate transactions without the need for a central authority.
"right thing disincentivize we're doing the wrong thing and there is no trusted intermediary and you avoid all those problems I sided with the S three example at the beginning and that that really gets..."
Bromberg transitions to discuss the relevance of ICOs (Initial Coin Offerings) for startups. He shares insights on the current landscape of token sales and the limited number of companies for which a token is a viable fundraising option.
"think that's one of the best articulations I've heard I've heard of what the blockchain based tokens are about incentive alignment but they're about one more thing isn't it true that they're also abou..."
In this segment, Bromberg reflects on the ICO landscape, noting the significant amount of money raised through ICOs compared to traditional venture capital. He expresses concern over the potential for scams and the challenges investors face in evaluating token projects.
"this trustless system can exist just between the counterparties that need to be involved in a transaction kind of the ultimate ultimately Democratic version of networking right markets for everything ..."
Bromberg explains what ICOs are and the role of CoinList in facilitating token sales. He discusses the importance of understanding the nuances of ICOs for startups and investors, highlighting the need for diligence in this emerging industry.
"that's not a it's not a bandwidth issue that's not you know it's not being able to service that that's us sitting there and saying yeah these 2495 tokens not a good fit for us and that that's kind of ..."
Bromberg concludes with thoughts on the future of token investments, emphasizing the need for better diligence and understanding in the rapidly evolving ICO space. He reflects on the potential for growth and the importance of discerning legitimate projects from scams.
"for the ICO industry one thing it shows is demand because these are proxies for investing in startups but it also I guess shows a propensity for people to believe things that maybe they shouldn't be b..."
In this segment, Bromberg defines Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) and token sales, explaining their purpose in raising funds for new networks. He emphasizes the importance of token distribution for network functionality and discusses how ICOs serve as a mechanism for early investors to participate in emerging technologies.
"money that has gone into icos is going into I SEOs that are not going to be successful so just for for the edification of everyone here could you just step back and say what is what's an ICO so what a..."
Bromberg introduces the concept of airdrops as a method for distributing tokens without fundraising. He draws parallels to early PayPal incentives, explaining how airdrops can encourage user engagement and adoption of new networks by providing initial tokens to potential users.
"exactly right and so while chrome is the first token sale that we supported a coin list they raised a staggering two hundred and five million dollars in their initial coin offering and we've worked a ..."
Bromberg discusses the criteria for determining when a token might be beneficial for a startup. He highlights that tokens are most valuable in scenarios where trust is a significant issue, contrasting this with businesses like Airbnb, where trust in intermediaries is already established.
"little bit of money to get started they can send some money you send it to a friend pay for something and then they're gonna get really addicted and start to put more money in and that's what an airdr..."
In this segment, Bromberg compares the dynamics of token sales to traditional startup financing methods, such as convertible notes. He explains the lack of formal relationships between token holders and companies, discussing the implications for both startups and investors in terms of alignment and engagement.
"than to try and fit into a category that could have a ton of tokens coming out of it I want to say some time for questions but but just before we move on you've talked in the past about pros and cons ..."
Bromberg speculates on the future of token financing, suggesting that the industry is moving towards more structured investment models similar to venture capital. He discusses the potential for vesting schedules and lockups to create better alignment between investors and startups.
"from the investor perspective the exact flipside of that which is on one hand you're not obligated to the company at all you can do whatever you want you just own tokens on a network they've released ..."
Bromberg shares insights on what makes a good investor for startups. He emphasizes the importance of alignment with the entrepreneur's goals and the quality of interactions, suggesting that positive engagement is crucial for a successful partnership.
"there's still going to be these key differences of what it is that you're buying and what that means for the relationships between the people involved awesome so in the time remaining if there's any q..."
Bromberg elaborates on the necessity of having a positive relationship with investors, especially during challenging times. He advises entrepreneurs to conduct reference checks on potential investors to gauge their support and reliability based on past experiences of other founders.
"to find out the characteristics that I think are really important for investors is one alignment with whatever your goals are as an entrepreneur not everyone's goals in this room are going to be exact..."
Bromberg addresses the current state of the cryptocurrency market and CoinList's approach to security token offerings (STOs). He clarifies that while they are exploring STOs, they view it as an extension of their existing infrastructure rather than a pivot from ICOs.
"time when it's supposed to be really positive you're talking about joining forces a one plus one equals three situation if you're walking away and saying this does not feel totally right that's a real..."
In this segment, Bromberg discusses the regulatory and practical definitions of tokens as currency. He compares Bitcoin to digital gold, explaining how different tokens serve various functions within the cryptocurrency ecosystem and the implications for their classification.
"about this all the time but the idea of value add I don't think every investor has to be some sort of crazy perfect they're gonna make some amazing difference in your business but if they're aligned a..."
Bromberg reflects on the difficulties of establishing token networks, emphasizing the complexity and youth of the technology. He shares insights on the challenges faced by early ICOs and the importance of infrastructure in supporting these networks.
"do something amazing and I would I would love to work with you as one of my investors um is it cool can I talk to some people that you've invested in before I just want to go since you're working styl..."
Bromberg discusses whether a company like Airbnb would benefit from an ICO, weighing the advantages of decentralization against the value provided by centralized services. He highlights the current challenges in building decentralized networks and the potential for future opportunities.
"answer so please please please pay attention pay Andy's wisdom there yes okay so the question is given the"
Bromberg explains the distinction between value and information in financial transactions. He illustrates how traditional banking systems differ from blockchain networks, where value is directly owned and transferred without intermediaries.
"okay so the question is given the nuclear winter of in crypto land is coinless looking to pivot to stos or are you going to stick firmly with icos yes so to unpack that a little bit sto is a security ..."
In this segment, Bromberg addresses the rigidity of blockchain networks and the challenges of making upgrades. He discusses the concept of forking and how user consensus plays a crucial role in the evolution of decentralized networks.
"looking to support those where traditionally we supported i COS of these tokens that are more kind of token networks that only exist in the network itself and not in the actual I guess you could do an..."
Andy Bromberg discusses the fundamental difference between transmitting value and transmitting information in cryptocurrency networks. He emphasizes the direct interactions between nodes that allow for token transactions without third-party involvement, contrasting this with traditional information transfer that requires intermediaries.
"can do anything with it aside from me who has that access and so when we talk about transmitting value as opposed to transmitting information it's about direct interactions between nodes I can pay Jef..."
Bromberg comments on the challenges of upgrading blockchain networks once they are established. He acknowledges the difficulty of making backward-compatible changes and the inevitability of developing infrastructure that supports easier upgrades, while also highlighting the decentralized nature of these networks.
"of a comment on the rigidity of networks once you put them out there it's hard to then go and change them and upgrade them and make them backward compatible to other things do you agree with that yes ..."
In this segment, Bromberg explains the concept of forking in cryptocurrency networks, using Bitcoin as an example. He contrasts the ability to fork in decentralized networks with the lack of control over changes in centralized platforms like Facebook, illustrating the unique governance structure of blockchain technology.
"change I can't just like make a new Facebook that goes back to the old change that doesn't work I don't have access to all of Facebook's infrastructure and code in the crypto world if you know say Pro..."
Bromberg addresses whether individuals within a network can propose changes. He explains that any node can attempt to fork a network and create a new version, emphasizing the lack of centralized control and the importance of community consensus in the decision-making process.
"who's a node a person who's part of the network to propose a change that then gets incorporated into the network yeah absolutely so any one node or otherwise can try to fork a network and create a new..."
This segment explores the democratic nature of decision-making in cryptocurrency networks. Bromberg acknowledges that while companies behind tokens may hold significant stakes, the actual power lies with miners and the broader community, complicating the governance landscape.
"totally up to that person to do so let me argue that for a sec please isn't it true that to really let these these these decisions become somewhat democratic and so the network decides but isn't it al..."
Bromberg discusses the future of Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) and the potential for tokens to represent company equity. He emphasizes the need for more infrastructure to support asset-backed tokens and predicts that as this infrastructure develops, it may become viable for startups to raise equity through tokens.
"is complicated okay a couple more questions right there yeah so what what develops would I expect to see in the ico industry before they become a viable path for more startups it really depends on and..."
In the concluding segment, Bromberg shares his insights on the future landscape of blockchains and tokens. He predicts a small number of blockchains with a high number of tokens, emphasizing the importance of interoperability and the ongoing evolution of the cryptocurrency ecosystem.
"coming months or years great one more question right here yeah do I think the futures gonna be a handful of block chains are hundreds of block chains and you know I think it'll be a relatively small n..."