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Shishir Mehrotra is the co-founder and CEO of Coda, and formerly head of product and engineering at YouTube. In this episode, he shares his insights on growth strategy, how he evaluates talent, a peek at his upcoming book The Rituals of Great Teams, why reference checks are the most important step in the interview process, and so much more. Join us. Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-rituals-of-great-teams-shishir-mehrotra-coda-youtube-microsoft/#transcript — Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible: • Coda: http://coda.io/lenny • Flatfile: https://www.flatfile.com/lenny • Eppo: https://www.geteppo.com/ — Where to find Shishir Mehrotra: • Twitter: https://twitter.com/shishirmehrotra • LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shishirmehrotra/ — Where to find Lenny: • Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com • Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan • LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/ — Referenced: • The Rituals Of Great Teams Brain Trust: https://coda.io/@shishir/join-the-rituals-of-great-teams-braintrust • Bing Gordon: https://www.kleinerperkins.com/people/bing-gordon/ • Switch by Chip Heath and Dan Heath: https://www.amazon.com/Switch-Change-Things-When-Hard/dp/0385528752 • PSHE Diagram: https://coda.io/@shishir/pshe • Understanding Comics by Scott McCloud: https://www.amazon.com/Understanding-Comics-Invisible-Scott-McCloud/dp/1627652736 • Only Murders In The Building: https://www.hulu.com/series/only-murders-in-the-building-ef31c7e1-cd0f-4e07-848d-1cbfedb50ddf • Wanda Vision: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WandaVision • Fidji Simo: https://twitter.com/fidjissimo?lang=en • Daniel Elk: https://twitter.com/eldsjal/?lang=en • Reid Hoffman: https://twitter.com/reidhoffman? • Mamoon Hamind: https://twitter.com/mamoonha • Quentin Clark: https://twitter.com/quentinclark • Sarah Guo: https://twitter.com/saranormous — In this episode, we cover: [00:00] Teaser [04:13] Shishir’s background at Google and current role at Coda [07:53] How Shishir got on the Board of Spotify [08:58] Black loop and blue loops and how Coda uses this internal diagram [09:52] The black loop is how a product is naturally shared [12:15] The blue loop is the emotional loop on why products are shared [14:55] Why you should think in loops instead of funnels [18:20] Mining for your business’s loops by looking at what you tell job candidates [24:37] Shishir’s upcoming book The Rituals of Great Teams [26:30] The 3 Golden Rituals Of Teams [27:10] Coda’s Golden Ritual: Dory and Pulse [31:29] Shishir’s most impactful rituals: Arianna Huffington’s Reset, Gusto’s incredible hiring call, and Coinbase’s RAPIDs. [40:38] How do you find your own team’s rituals [42:50] How to change things when change is hard [45:01] Airbnb’s unique rituals [46:45] A back story on YouTube and valuing consistency over comprehensiveness [53:00] Eigenquestions: What it is, how to use it, and examples of it [59:05] One of Shishir’s favorite *retired* interview questions [1:03:11] How to evaluate talent, a story about YouTube and breaking down PSHE [1:15:20] How to approach reference checks and what questions to ask [1:24:33] Favorite books [1:25:50] Favorite shows/movies [1:26:50] Favorite interview questions [1:28:44] Who in the industry Shishir respects as a thought leader [1:30:10] Go-to karaoke song [1:30:40] Where you can find Shishir — Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquires about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.
Shishir Mehrotra emphasizes the importance of reference checks in the hiring process, stating that they provide invaluable insights compared to traditional interviews. He argues that the knowledge gained from someone who has worked closely with a candidate for years far outweighs the limited perspective of a short interview.
"i generally value the reference check over interview signals you know if i had the stack rank in interviews what is the best signal the uh reference check is the top of the list those people you know ..."
In this segment, Shishir shares his background, including his roles at Google and YouTube, and his current position as CEO of Coda. He discusses his approach to growth strategy and the concept of 'blue loops' and 'black loops,' which he has been exploring for his upcoming book on team rituals.
"shashir marocha is the co-founder and ceo of koda before starting koda shashir led the youtube product engineering and design teams at google where he spent over six years before that he spent six yea..."
Shishir explains the concepts of black loops and blue loops, which describe how products spread. The black loop involves users creating and sharing documents, while the blue loop focuses on publishing documents to a wider audience, akin to how videos are shared on YouTube. He highlights the significance of these loops in driving product growth.
"we talk about eigen questions which is not a german game show he shares how he evaluates product talent and gives some really great advice on doing reference checks we go into so many other topics thi..."
In this segment, Shishir elaborates on how the black loop and blue loop influence Coda's growth strategy. He discusses the importance of minimizing friction in sharing documents and how this approach encourages users to promote the product organically, leading to increased exposure and user acquisition.
"be how you create okrs run annual planning build your own map whatever every one of those codas can then be easily copied and adapted to your organization without knowing who originally even wrote it ..."
Shishir discusses Coda's innovative pricing model, which charges users only when they create a document, rather than when they share it. This strategy is designed to encourage sharing and collaboration, making it easier for users to introduce Coda to others without financial barriers.
"hey ashley head of marketing in flat file how many b2b sas companies would you estimate need to import csv files from their customers at least 40 and how many of them screw that up and what happens wh..."
Shishir draws parallels between the emotional aspects of publishing documents on Coda and sharing videos on YouTube. He explains how users are motivated by various factors, including exposure and feedback, which ultimately contribute to the growth of the platform.
"i am zero percent surprised to hear that i've consistently seen that improving onboarding is one of the highest leverage opportunities for both sign-up conversion and increasing long-term retention ge..."
In this segment, Shishir offers advice to founders on identifying their own business loops. He emphasizes the importance of recognizing the natural growth mechanisms within their products and understanding how these loops can drive user engagement and acquisition.
"shashir welcome to the podcast thank you for having me i don't think i've actually shared this with you but you're actually the very first ceo that i've had on this podcast i actually have a rule of n..."
Shishir Mehrotra discusses the concept of 'loops' in business growth, contrasting them with traditional funnels. He emphasizes that products often grow through loops, where users share and advocate for the product, rather than a linear funnel approach. This segment provides insights into how founders can identify and leverage these loops for sustainable growth.
"and then when they find a solution that problem they then pick the right tool and so the blue loop allows us uh to go after that and it kind of changes changes how the motion of the ecosystem works as..."
In this segment, Mehrotra elaborates on the 'black loop' and 'blue loop' concepts, explaining how they function in product sharing and emotional engagement. He highlights the importance of recognizing these loops in understanding product dynamics and user behavior, which can significantly impact a company's growth strategy.
"you probably do have a loop whatever the product is there's probably something about it that causes that loop and understanding how that that works really important i mean in terms of like what what i..."
Mehrotra shares practical advice for founders on discovering their business's unique loops. He suggests that these loops may be hiding in plain sight and encourages entrepreneurs to explore their conversations with candidates and customers to uncover these insights. This segment emphasizes the importance of understanding user engagement for business success.
"it is but but uh you know finding it writing it down i think is really helpful um there's a second party oh how do we organize that team yeah but let me ask one quick questions he said this uh i think..."
Shishir discusses the varying quality of users that come through different loops, comparing them to traditional growth channels. He explains how the nature of user acquisition through loops can lead to higher quality engagement and retention, using examples from companies like Airbnb to illustrate his points.
"they're investing their time not just their money and and so your ability to get across to them why this thing is going to be interesting and how it'll grow and they're kind of the most discerning inv..."
In this segment, Mehrotra dives into the dynamics of user activation and retention across different entry points in a product's ecosystem. He explains how understanding these dynamics can help teams structure their approach to user onboarding and engagement, ultimately leading to better product adoption.
"like that so i mean quality and activation are a little bit different i mean they they blue loop definitely the so there's actually kind of three entry points on that diagram those people come through..."
Mehrotra contrasts platform thinking with traditional product control, using examples from his experiences at YouTube and Airbnb. He discusses how platform products require a different mindset, focusing on community engagement and user-generated content, which can influence team dynamics and decision-making processes.
"the person who owns that conversation the person sharing the document with you like if that person does it and like mispositions it or doesn't like just makes a crappy document or something like you k..."
Shishir introduces the concept of 'rituals' in successful teams, explaining how these practices can shape company culture and decision-making. He shares insights from his upcoming book, emphasizing the importance of defining and sharing these rituals among team members to foster collaboration and innovation.
"the the way you run the team because if you have a loop where your community ecosystem users saw and control that narrative then you have to you have to incorporate that i mean the other close analogy..."
In this segment, Mehrotra reflects on his journey of writing 'The Rituals of Great Teams.' He shares the challenges and unexpected length of the process, highlighting the importance of exploring team rituals and their impact on company culture. This insight provides a behind-the-scenes look at the dedication required for such a project.
"somebody's books called rituals of great teams and the uh when i signed up to do it i thought it was going to take six months i'm now almost two years in uh i mean i know my manuscript in four months ..."
Mehrotra discusses the enthusiasm people have for sharing their team rituals, revealing how this exchange of ideas can lead to improved practices across various organizations. He emphasizes the value of learning from others and the collaborative spirit that emerges when discussing effective team dynamics.
"stuck with he said uh great companies has a very small list of golden rituals and there are three rules of golden rituals uh number one they're named number two every employee knows them by their firs..."
In this segment, Shishir shares insights gained from interviewing individuals across a wide range of companies about their unique rituals. He highlights the commonality of sharing practices and the diverse approaches to team dynamics, showcasing the rich tapestry of ideas that can enhance organizational effectiveness.
"dorian both and it's not because they're meeting wonks it's because it's indicative of the culture of the team and so the the uh you know i'll regularly hear employees say things like yeah i just join..."
In this segment, Shishir shares his experience of hosting a dinner series to explore and share team rituals. He reveals that people from various companies love discussing their unique practices, which can lead to valuable insights for improving team dynamics. The conversation highlights the significance of these rituals as reflections of company culture and the joy of learning from others' experiences.
"learned is people love sharing their rituals i get i you know i've interviewed people from many companies that everybody's heard of you know nike disney new york times you know it's on all the way dow..."
Shishir emphasizes that rituals serve as mirrors of a company's culture, illustrating how employees describe their workplace through the rituals they practice. He references insights from Darmesh, founder of HubSpot, about building two products: one for customers and one for employees, which he defines as culture. This segment underscores the idea that understanding and articulating rituals can provide deep insights into a company's values and operational ethos.
"that there are a mirror of culture that i mean one of the attendees there is darmesh founder of hubspot and very thoughtful uh person he talked a lot about this thing that is originally presented as s..."
Shishir shares an impactful ritual from Arianna Huffington called 'Reset,' which involves creating a personal one-minute video that incorporates breathing exercises and personal reflections. He explains how this ritual is integrated into team meetings at Thrive, fostering a sense of calm and connection among team members. This segment illustrates the innovative ways companies can enhance team well-being and cohesion through thoughtful rituals.
"of my evenings end up being on this i have a wonderful co-writer erin dame who's uh who's incredibly gracious with her time and uh um and for helping me sort through the best ideas and the worst ideas..."
In this segment, Shishir describes Gusto's unique hiring call ritual, where the entire interview team joins the call to express why a candidate is a great fit. This practice not only enhances the candidate's experience but also reinforces the company's commitment to a welcoming culture. Shishir reflects on how such rituals can significantly impact both candidates and the hiring team's dynamics, emphasizing the importance of thoughtful hiring processes.
"you know videos of her hometown in greece and so on but the way she brought it to the team was they start meetings by randomly picking someone they call spin the wheel they randomly pick someone and t..."
Shishir discusses how Coda has adopted decision-making rituals inspired by Coinbase, specifically their RAPID framework. He explains how these structured approaches help clarify roles and responsibilities in decision-making, reducing confusion and enhancing efficiency. This segment highlights the importance of adapting rituals to improve organizational processes and prevent groupthink, showcasing how learning from others can lead to better practices.
"a couple of the different kind of uh maybe different ones that people might not have heard of before those are amazing examples have you integrated any of these rituals from other companies doing this..."
In this segment, Shishir reflects on the need for rituals to evolve as companies grow. He discusses how some rituals may work well for smaller teams but become ineffective as the organization scales. Shishir emphasizes the importance of actively reassessing and adapting rituals to fit the current needs of the team, ensuring that they continue to foster a positive and productive culture.
"do this pulse and so you have a meeting and it could if you did it wrong it could feel like voting and it could feel like consensus building and so we would get this you know people would talk about i..."
Shishir shares insights on how rituals can facilitate change within organizations. He references the book 'Switch' by Chip and Dan Heath, which discusses strategies for implementing change effectively. This segment highlights the importance of understanding the dynamics of change and how rituals can serve as tools to guide teams through transitions, reinforcing the idea that culture and rituals are integral to successful change management.
"column to our pulse which is what is the role and we group the table by that and the other thing that coinbase does it's like sounds really subtle and small but really in detail that really matters is..."
Shishir discusses his collaborative approach to writing his upcoming book on team rituals. He explains how he involves a community of contributors who provide feedback and share their own experiences. This segment emphasizes the value of community engagement in the creative process and how it enriches the content, reflecting the collaborative spirit that rituals can foster within teams.
"publishing it is because i think other people uh will will enjoy it um and and can get can get benefit out of it but you know if people are interested uh one of the other choices i made in writing thi..."
Shishir Mehrotra discusses the importance of rituals within teams, highlighting how they can organically develop or be intentionally created to drive specific behaviors. He shares insights on how Coda's rituals, like Dory and Pulse, emerged from the need for effective communication in a distributed culture, emphasizing that rituals can significantly enhance team dynamics and productivity.
"like actively not do it what do you when you're when this other time and actually that in itself is the rich woman every company has some form of a war room ritual that is uh i guess facebook i was le..."
Mehrotra recommends the book 'Switch' by Chip and Dan Heath, which explores how to implement change effectively. He explains the metaphor of an elephant and a rider to illustrate how to direct behavior, motivate teams, and shape environments to facilitate change. This framework is crucial for understanding how to establish effective rituals within organizations.
"the list and the subtitle the book is how to change things when change is hard and the basic idea of the book is they use this analogy of an elephant a writer on an elephant on a path and when you're ..."
Shishir shares amusing and unique rituals from Airbnb, such as Formal Friday and the human tunnel for new employees. These rituals not only foster a fun culture but also help integrate new hires into the team, showcasing how creative practices can enhance team bonding and morale.
"awesome by the way that's a little plug for the youtube version of this podcast which is now a thing we do so if you're like hey i don't see what you're talking about uh just search for lenny's podcas..."
Mehrotra introduces the concept of eigen questions, which are pivotal in decision-making processes. He explains how these questions can simplify complex discussions by addressing the most critical issues first, thereby eliminating confusion and guiding teams toward effective solutions.
"rituals which you probably already know about but they're kind of all hilarious and weird one is formal friday where people dress up in suits and gowns on fridays another is a human tunnel for all new..."
Shishir recounts a pivotal moment at YouTube regarding the decision to link to external content, specifically the show 'Modern Family.' He describes the internal debate between prioritizing user experience versus business interests, illustrating how this dilemma led to the development of eigen questions as a decision-making tool.
"that's actually an incredible segue to our next topic which are eigen questions oh yes and so again questions one of your most classic posts you mentioned this at the top may be your most liked post o..."
In this segment, Mehrotra discusses the insights gained from user feedback that emphasized the value of consistency over comprehensiveness in video content. He explains how this understanding shaped YouTube's strategic decisions and ultimately influenced the platform's growth and user satisfaction.
"step inside a youtube staff meeting in 2008 actually one of the toughest questions we were answering was this question we called the modern family question and and um it may sound small but it actuall..."
Shishir shares the bold decision to reclaim the YouTube app from Apple, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a consistent user experience. He reflects on the challenges faced during this negotiation and how prioritizing consistency over broad distribution proved to be a successful strategy for YouTube.
"thing to do so let's do that and in the other half of the company most of the business functions sales marketing especially content partnership said please please please don't do that if you do that a..."
Shishir shares a pivotal moment from a contentious meeting with Apple regarding YouTube's app. He reflects on the initial doubts about YouTube's ability to compete with Apple and the importance of bringing team members to high-stakes discussions. This segment highlights the significance of collaboration and support in decision-making.
"and so on and it's like a hard contentious meeting and as we're leaving the meeting he says hey can i get a selfie with bill and scott audrey what are you doing it's this great picture of him like wit..."
In this segment, Shishir introduces the concept of 'eigen questions'—key questions that drive decision-making. He emphasizes the importance of identifying these questions in low-stakes environments to enhance learning and decision-making skills. This technique is crucial for product managers and leaders in evaluating options effectively.
"we will break the current app why did you agreed upon date and the negotiation was can you please just tell those people that there's a new app and so that's what we negotiated out of it and they even..."
Shishir presents a thought experiment involving a teleportation device to illustrate the eigen question technique. He challenges listeners to identify the two most critical questions they would ask the scientists behind the device. This exercise demonstrates how simplifying complex scenarios can lead to clearer decision-making.
"way i cemented that decision when we made it was i named the company now where coda is a dock backwards i said well well that's uh it's a this is this is going to be a we're definitely not revisiting ..."
Shishir discusses the PSHE framework for evaluating product talent, which stands for Problem, Solution, How, and Execution. He recounts his experience at Google, where he and other product leaders sought to standardize the evaluation of product managers. This segment emphasizes the importance of clear criteria in assessing talent and fostering innovation.
"remove from ourselves like i'll see all your candidates tell me things like i guess i would ask them what what size it is and like why would you ask them what size would what what what decision is tha..."
Shishir elaborates on how the PSHE framework aligns with career progression for product managers. He describes the different stages of responsibility, from executing predefined solutions to identifying problems and proposing innovative solutions. This segment highlights the importance of creativity and strategic thinking as product managers advance in their careers.
"button clark who's my boss at microsoft for a number of years and it stands for problem solution how execution bshe and i will say it's a um i've tried many times to come up with a better acronym and ..."
Mehrotra discusses the 'trough of dissolution' that employees face when transitioning from a focus on scope to the PSHE evaluation criteria. He explains how this shift can be confusing for both employees and managers, as it requires a new understanding of performance metrics. This segment underscores the challenges of adapting to new evaluation frameworks in a corporate setting.
"problems and you say hey i know you told me to go work on activation but actually i think our issue is brand or i think our issue is quality or i think our issues whatever it might be and that's sort ..."
In this segment, Shishir critiques the common practice of evaluating salespeople based solely on quotas. He emphasizes the importance of understanding the underlying skills that make a great salesperson, such as problem identification and solution development. This discussion connects back to the PSHE framework, illustrating its applicability across various roles within an organization.
"the difference they put is the difference between a level three and a level seven may not be scoped they may do the exact same job it's how they do the job that matters and here's some language for ho..."
Mehrotra shares insights on the significance of reference checks in the hiring process. He argues that reference checks can provide deeper insights into a candidate's capabilities than interviews alone. This segment highlights the need for effective questioning techniques during reference checks to uncover the true strengths and weaknesses of potential hires.
"being good with item questions like can you spot the right problems it's very similar to can you spot the right questions you decide what's important and so that's been my main framework for value wow..."
In this segment, Shishir provides strategies for conducting effective reference checks. He discusses the importance of asking open-ended questions that allow references to share their honest opinions about a candidate's problem-solving abilities and overall contributions. This approach aims to gather valuable insights that can inform hiring decisions.
"something that corresponds with pshe and in terms of interviews yeah you look for the same thing and so you uh and by the way i should say interviewing is one part of this and you talk about interview..."
Mehrotra explains how to use contrast in reference checks to identify top performers. He suggests providing references with different personas to gauge their opinions on a candidate's strengths. This segment emphasizes the value of nuanced feedback in understanding a candidate's true capabilities and fit for the role.
"incredibly easy to assess in a reference check and i think getting good at that is really important you may have mentioned this but what are what's kind of the question there is there a question that ..."
In this final segment, Shishir discusses the importance of balancing different interview techniques to assess candidates effectively. He introduces the concept of 'home court' versus 'away court' questions, advocating for a mix of both to ensure a fair evaluation. This segment wraps up with insights on how to create a comprehensive interview process that accurately reflects a candidate's abilities.
"high precision and high quality and i will tell them that i have a qualitative judgment that one is better than the other but you want them because you just want your reference check to talk and you w..."
Shishir Mehrotra discusses the importance of balancing different perspectives during interviews. He emphasizes the need for neutral questions that allow candidates to showcase their strengths rather than simply confirming the interviewer's preconceptions. This approach helps to create a more equitable evaluation process, ensuring that candidates can present their best selves.
"a there's a exercise that they do but about half the time is spent on them presenting whatever they want i mean they can they can talk about themselves they can teach us something and then another hal..."
In this segment, Shishir explains the concept of 'upper bounding' candidates during interviews. He encourages candidates to share their achievements and unique qualities, transforming the interview into a 'brag session.' This method allows interviewers to gain deeper insights into the candidate's potential and capabilities, rather than just assessing their fit based on standard questions.
"interesting what people do i mean i've seen people use that time i often tell people it's the brag session this is like and you know for product managers we do for everyone but it's like recruiters sa..."
Shishir highlights the critical role of reference checks in the hiring process. He ranks them as the top priority, followed by work product presentations and interviews. This segment underscores the significance of gathering insights from previous employers to make informed hiring decisions, ensuring that candidates are evaluated holistically.
"so sure i feel like you have five books in you that you need to write on so many of these topics this is such good stuff i wish i could keep going i know you have to run so we have this final lightnin..."
Shishir shares his favorite book recommendations, including 'Switch' by Chip and Dan Heath and 'Understanding Comics' by Scott McCloud. He discusses how these books provide valuable insights into communication and storytelling, emphasizing the importance of visual and written forms in effective messaging.
"has drifted at two extremes so one is we've gotten very good at written form and the other is we've gotten very good at art single pieces of art and comics are the hybrid right they are drawing mixed ..."
In this light-hearted segment, Shishir reveals his favorite recent shows and movies, including 'Only Murders in the Building' and 'WandaVision.' He shares his thoughts on the storytelling and artistic elements of these productions, providing a glimpse into his personal tastes and interests beyond the professional realm.
"answered this i the teleporter one is definitely my favorite my second favorite one if i was gonna give you a different one is i have a series of questions around um uh let me me pull it here so i giv..."
Shishir discusses influential thought leaders he respects in the industry, including Reid Hoffman and Fiji Simo. He highlights their unique perspectives and contributions, showcasing the importance of learning from others and staying connected with innovative thinkers in the tech space.
"and ben thompson from trajectory oh my god two of the two of the ones that i think they both have a very like natural instinct for for writing and synthesizing things that people are feeling without u..."
In the closing segment, Shishir invites listeners to connect with him and join the 'Rituals of Great Teams' brain trust. He emphasizes the value of collaboration and community in contributing to his upcoming book, encouraging interested individuals to engage and share their insights.
"work in these show notes yep that list okay final final question what's your go-to karaoke song or dance move at a wedding a karaoke song is if i had a million dollars by the barenaked ladies and uh i..."