"the following is a conversation with Karl Kristen one of the greatest neuro scientists in history cited over 245 thousand times known for many influential ideas in brain imaging neuroscience and theor..."

"finance app in the App Store when you get it used called Lex podcast cash app lets you send money to friends buy Bitcoin and invest in the stock market with as little as $1 since cash app allows you t..."

"with Carl Fuerst --an how much of the human brain do we understand from the low level of neuronal communication to the functional level to the to the highest level maybe the the psychiatric disorder l..."

"we have the perfect cartography of the brain I think there are lower bounds on that it's a really interesting question you and it would determine this sort of scientific career you'd pursue if you bel..."

"are the understanding that level our understanding is necessarily cast in terms of probability densities and ensemble densities distributions and what that tells you is that you don't really want to l..."

"questions if you allow me what to you is the most beautiful or surprising characteristic of the human brain I think it's hierarchical and recursive aspect is recurrent aspect of the structure or of th..."

"but in what sense do you see the brain is hierarchical well I see it's not a magic soup yeah of course it's what I used to think when I was before I studied medicine and the like so a lot of those ter..."

"connectivity that might be best understood like a little bit like an onion you know that there there is a concentric sometimes refer to as centripetal by people like Marcel mess ulam hierarchical orga..."

"of what can we learn about the brain by imaging it which is one way to sort of look at the anatomy of it broadly speaking what what are the methods of imaging but even bigger what can we learn about i..."

"that may be specialized for certain kinds of processing you know for example visual motion our ability to recognize or to perceive movement in the visual world and furthermore that specialized process..."

"regions in terms of looking at the progress of studying the brain oh I think in Nomis progress has been made in the past you know 20 or 30 years you know so this is beyond incremental you know at the ..."

"that everywhere else in the brain was also very interested in visual motion by the way I apologize to interrupt buzz tiny little tangent you said animal models just out of curiosity from your perspect..."

"really functional regions of the brain base if there's some damage to it to try to infer that there's that part of the brain might be somewhat responsible for this type of function so what where does ..."

"indeed these functionally specialized responses are very restricted and then they're here or they're over there if I do this then this part of the brain lights up and that became doable in the early 9..."

"in relation to the previous century by looking at these funky selective responses but that wasn't the whole story so there's a sort of near phrenology but finding bumps and hotspots in the brain that ..."

"your feeling what's the general consensus how we moved away from the magic soup view of the brain yes so there is a deep structure to it yeah that and then maybe further question you said some people ..."

"deep kind of yeah exactly it implies hierarchy I didn't even think about that that indeed the implicit meaning of the word deep is a hierarchy yep yeah yeah so deep inside the onion is a central view ..."

"brain scanners and Brent's cannons can either measure the structural attributes the amount of water of the Mount of fat on the amount of iron in different parts of the brain you can make lots of infer..."

"itself and this is uh this is refering forgive me for the dumb questions but this would be referring to blood like the flow of blood absolutely so there's a ton of it seems like there's a ton of blood..."

"then the interior of the brain is constituted by fatty wires essentially axonal processes that are enshrouded by myelin sheaths and these give the ER when you dissect them they look fatty and white an..."

"and of itself to do that you'd have to turn to the other big imaging modality which is the recording of electromagnetic signals as they're generated in real time so here the temporal bandwidth if you ..."

"imaging devices and the second level of responses your question what what are they yeah from the outside one of the big ways of of using this technology so once you've chosen your the kind of mirror i..."

"interestingly though the maths involved in that stream of analysis does actually call upon the mathematics of blobs so seriously they actually called Euler characteristics and you know they have a lot..."

"segregation you have segregated this function in this blob alledge is not outside of the blob that's basically the oh if you were a map maker of America and you did not know instruction the first thin..."

"a blob and that's basically what physical parametric mapping does it's basically mathematically finessed phlebology okay so those you kind of describe these two methodologies for one is temporally noi..."

"ambivalent my sense is ambivalent so it's a mixture of good and bad and I acknowledge that freely so the good bits if you just look at the legacy of that kind of reciprocal but invasive geo brain stim..."

"like Parkinson's disease even interest in transmitting its magnetic stimulation stimulating with the magnetic fields and will it work in people who depressed for example quite a crude level of underst..."

"the well I think most engaging examples of this is equipping people with a sense of magnetic fields so you can actually give them magnetic sensors that enable them to feel should we say tactile pressu..."

"pitched at solving clinical and human problems such as locked-in syndrome paraplegia or replacing lost sensory capacitors like blindness and death deafness so then we come to the more on the negative ..."

"replacing site despite heroic efforts so one has to ask is there a lower bound on the kinds of recurrent information exchange between a brain and some augmented or artificial interface and let me come..."

"assume that is the case we talk about ensemble activity we're talking about basically for example let's paint challenge facing brain-computer of interfacing in terms of controlling another system that..."

"system isn't impermanent requires you to have evolved with that system that you know you you have to be part of a very delicately structured deeply structured dynamic ensemble activity that is not lik..."

"essentially saying there's it might be incredibly challenging including the lower bound of the bandwidth and so on I kind of so and just to full disclosure I come from the machine learning world so my..."

"me what seems impossible is is the incredible mess of blood vessels that you also described without you know we also value the brain you can't make any mistakes you can't damage things so to me that e..."

"hopefully not impossible absolutely so if it's ok let's start with the basics so you've also formulated a fascinating principle the free energy principle could we maybe start at the basics and what is..."

"that question what does it mean to be alive yeah so that that that's a huge endeavor and it's nice that there's at least some from some perspective a clean answer so maybe can you talk about that opti..."

"just existence so if you drill down onto the definition of things that exist then they have certain properties if you borrow the maths from non-equilibrium steady state physics that enable you to inte..."

"quantity and it turns out that particular quantity happens to be exactly the same as the evidence lower bound in machine learning or Bayesian model evidence in Bayesian statistics or and then I can li..."

"of systems when you think about the free energy principle what kind of systems are you imagining it's a sort of more specific kind of case study you know I'm imagining a range of systems but you're at..."

"so what special properties of the exchange between the surface of the oil drop and the external states in which it's immersed if you're physicists say would be the heat bath you know you've got a you'..."

"display so that's the deflation in part the 300 prints we print the 300 principal does not supply and answer as to why it's saying if something exists then he must display these properties that's that..."

"look like sorry how would you describe things that configure themselves out of nothing the where they clearly demarcate themselves from the states on the soup in which they are immersed so from the po..."

"actually Society so yeah that maybe we can go there you kind of drew a line and and forgive me for the stupid questions but the you kind of draw a line between living and existing yeah is there an int..."

"you can even go into the realms of pants psychism that everything that exists is implicitly making inferences on self evidencing now we made the next move but what about living things I mean so let me..."

"living system that it could die or you can't I mean a yab mortality I'm not I'm not exactly sure I'm not sure what the right answer there is because they can move them like movement seems like an esse..."

"there are two types of oil drops if you like there are oil drops where the internal states are so random that they average themselves away and the thing cannot on a balance on average when you do the ..."

"in your active States with your muscles and and your secretary organs your autonomic nervous system and its effectors you can actually move and that's all you can do and that's something which you kno..."

"sohe's and that would be manifesting we realize in terms of essentially swimming essentially moving changing one shape a morphogenesis that is dynamic and possibly adaptive so that that's what I was t..."

"chemical gradients in chemotaxis so they've gone beyond just being good little models of the kind of world they live in for example an oil droplet could in a pan psychic sense be construed as a little..."

"say you're from machine learning yes so what that means this this sort of the central importance of movement I think has yet to really hit machine learning it certainly has now diffused itself through..."

"as opposed to the tadpoles swimming out to find the right data for example it likes food that's a good hypothesis test analyst go and move and ingest food for example and see what that you know is tha..."

"there's a lot of interest in using not just these ideas but related ideas from information theory to try and tie down the the maths and the calculus and the geometry of consciousness either in terms o..."

"there's some line that has to do with the complexity of planning yes that may contain an answer I mean it'd be beautiful if if we can find a line beyond which you could say look being as cautious yes ..."

"systems that have the ability to plan so just technically what that means is your your inferential self evidencing by which I simply mean the dynamics literally the thermodynamics and gradient flows t..."

"action now that brings a number of things to the table which which now is start think more those who've got all the right ingredients talk about consciousness I've now got to select an among a number ..."

"objective function no problem but of course the big problem is writing down the generative model so that's where the heavy lifting comes in yeah so it's it's the form and the structure of that journal..."

"further it's me talking and not you talking I wouldn't need that if is on Mars by myself or if I was in the jungle as a feral child if there was nothing like it if there's nothing like me around there..."

"about planning when you talk specifically about planning the highest.if manifestation or realization of that planning is what we're doing now I mean the human condition doesn't get any higher than thi..."