
41 segments available
The modern, average 12-year-old Madden NFL videogame player has actually visualized more plays than any past real-life NFL Hall-of-Famer. And now, for the first time, we're seeing those videogame tactics show up on the field too. There's a "technological and analytical arms race" going on in sports, and it's producing the world's best athletes in history. How are they working smarter, using science and technology to enhance the way they train and perform, when it's not enough to put in 10,000 hours? How should athletes sleep? (Note: you can try this at home, too). And what does “performance by the aggregation of marginal gains” have to do with winning? Author of the new book Faster, Higher, Stronger Wired's Mark McClusky -- interviewed by a16z General Partner (and enthusiastic basketball player) Jeff Jordan -- bridge the worlds of "jocks" and "nerds" in this wide-ranging conversation about sports, performance technology, nature vs. nurture, and the tricky nuances of why some enhancement technologies are legal vs. illegal or better vs. worse than others.
Mark McClusky introduces himself and discusses his career trajectory, highlighting his journey from Sports Illustrated to Wired. He emphasizes his goal of bridging the gap between sports and technology, setting the stage for a conversation about athletic performance and the impact of science.
"okay thanks everyone for coming we were delighted to have a mark cholesky with us um he's just written a book faster higher stronger brought people around here like books like this because it looks a ..."
McClusky explains the significant improvements in athletic performance over the past century, attributing these advancements to a better understanding of the human body and training techniques. He discusses the concept of 'marginal gains' and the importance of science and technology in achieving competitive advantages.
"sure of the career trajectory and how you came to write the book so my joke is this is bringing together the I'm trying to bridge the nerd jock divide here I started my career at Sports Illustrated wh..."
The conversation shifts to the increasing baseline of athletic performance, where today's innovations quickly become standard. McClusky reflects on how the competitive landscape has evolved, using historical examples from basketball to illustrate the dramatic changes in athletic standards over the decades.
"really illuminate in the book is to find sort of marginal gains over your competition you have to look much deeper you have to look towards science and technology and towards not just doing the basics..."
McClusky delves into the debate of nature versus nurture in elite athletic performance. He argues that while training is crucial, genetic predisposition plays a significant role in determining who can reach the highest levels of competition, emphasizing the importance of innate talent.
"thing that we all face and all the things we do business one I was right they you know if if we could go if we could morph ourselves back to 1996 and launch a website we'd be in pretty good shape righ..."
In this segment, McClusky discusses how genetics influence performance in various sports, particularly those that are physiologically demanding. He shares examples of athletes who excelled in their sports despite limited experience, highlighting the role of genetic advantages in achieving success.
"athlete without these days without you know these using these training techniques I think it's really hard to be I mean I think I think it's probably easier to be a world-class athlete with great gene..."
The conversation explores the cultural and environmental factors contributing to the success of East African runners. McClusky discusses the significance of altitude, cultural values surrounding running, and the systematic identification and training of talented athletes in these regions.
"abilities and discus cribe that yeah so helling Helen Glover's this woman's name she was a field hockey player in the UK and she was a good field hockey player but not a great one the UK in the run-up..."
McClusky addresses the complexity of attributing athletic success solely to genetics. He reflects on historical examples of dominance in middle-distance running and emphasizes the multifaceted nature of athletic performance, which includes cultural, environmental, and genetic factors.
"there are things genetically they're genetically determined like body size and height that East African runners tend to have they're they're pretty small they they have really thin calves there have b..."
In this segment, McClusky describes modern training techniques that are revolutionizing athlete performance. He shares insights from Phil Wagner's Sparta Sports Science, highlighting personalized training regimens based on scientific evaluations of athletic ability and the specific demands of different sports.
"think that fins had some genetic advantage I think frankly we we look for these just so stories and it's just it's a much more complicated question know which is interesting okay switching over to tra..."
The concept of 'performance by the aggregation of marginal gains' is explored through the success of British Cycling. The segment discusses how small, incremental improvements in various aspects of training and preparation have led to significant competitive advantages, transforming a previously struggling team into a powerhouse.
"was players just one of those funny moments it's like hello like I've run more distance than you do that I go for a run because like we're not training to do the same thing right there then you had th..."
Innovative training techniques, such as the development of 'hot pants' to maintain muscle temperature before races, are highlighted. The segment emphasizes the importance of small details, like using personal pillows for better sleep, in enhancing athlete performance and preventing illness during competitions.
"so some examples they before the Olympics they spend a lot of time with Adidas and some university researchers track cyclists they do a warm-up and then they go to a holding area before the race and t..."
This segment discusses how British Cycling's meticulous attention to detail, from tire maintenance to athlete health, contributes to their success. The rivalry with French cycling teams is mentioned, showcasing how perception and small advantages can create significant competitive disparities.
"but it can't hurt and then now it's kinda booked you know it's gotten to the point where there's a cult around it almost you know people are you know willing to ascribe benefits to the British trainin..."
The importance of sport-specific training is emphasized, with examples from basketball and football. The segment discusses how modern training methods, including random practice and small-sided games, help athletes develop skills that closely mimic real-game scenarios, enhancing their performance.
"France you know now that sorry it's a so um get back to the concept of sport specific training yeah you talk you have some fun examples of the hammer or the or the volleyball team yeah so we don't pra..."
The impact of video games like Madden NFL on young athletes is explored, highlighting how gamers have visualized more plays than past NFL Hall-of-Famers. This segment discusses how this exposure to complex plays and strategies contributes to the development of sophisticated offensive tactics in high school football.
"sharing players but and then the special tool that's helping people with their cognitive football IQ oh yes I made an impression on me but ya know it's so so two things again on Skylar's ition the the..."
The segment concludes with a discussion on how video game strategies have influenced real-life NFL plays, exemplified by Eric Decker's strategic touchdown run. It highlights the feedback loop between gaming simulations and actual sports performance, showcasing the evolving nature of athletic training.
"it's it's a flying plane they do four flying planes you know is genius is that that people pay them for it yeah yeah but yeah it's they do for flying planes they do it for doctors and you know I think..."
Mark McClusky discusses a groundbreaking study from Stanford on the importance of sleep for athletes. He explains how improved sleep patterns led to significant enhancements in performance metrics among basketball players, emphasizing that sleep is not just a recovery tool but a crucial performance enhancer that can lead to measurable gains in speed and accuracy.
"kind of by the way a couple the quarterback - you mentioned from the Texas small Football League in the last couple years luck Tannehill rg3 rg3 who grew up in this sort of playing these tournaments w..."
This segment highlights how the San Francisco Giants have prioritized sleep optimization to improve player performance. By hiring sleep consultants and focusing on plate discipline, the team has seen improvements in their performance metrics, showcasing the growing recognition of sleep's role in sports training and competition.
"you see if they slept yeah these weren't small they weren't improvement these were like 10 15 percent improved yeah so the Giants have been and I've read about this they've really looked at this most ..."
In this insightful discussion, McClusky challenges traditional notions of fatigue in sports, suggesting that mental factors play a significant role in physical performance. He explains how recent research indicates that the brain's perception of effort can limit physical output, leading to new approaches in training that focus on mental conditioning alongside physical preparation.
"some work on that but the Giants have really so speaking of sleep in getting tired you talked a little bit about athletes who are working to train their brain - if - for for being able to perform long..."
This segment delves into innovative brain training techniques being explored to help athletes push past perceived limits during physical exertion. McClusky discusses research aimed at reducing mental fatigue and enhancing performance, illustrating how psychological factors can be harnessed to improve athletic outcomes.
"just wants to prove it once preserve me right so if I start out running 5k and halfway through you pull up next minute car it's like hey we're gonna run 10k today actually yeah first of all I'll slow ..."
Mark McClusky shares intriguing findings from social psychology experiments that reveal how social dynamics can influence athletic performance. He discusses how the presence of attractive individuals can lead to improved performance in male athletes, highlighting the complex interplay between psychology and physical capabilities in sports.
"[Laughter] our brains are you know for all bits amazing about our brains we're so easily manipulated we're so easily manipulated if you tell me you if he is some of these deception studies if you tell..."
In this segment, the conversation shifts to the role of data analytics in sports. McClusky explains how advancements in data collection and analysis are transforming how teams strategize and make decisions, with a focus on the NBA's SportVU system that tracks player movements in real-time, paving the way for more informed coaching and gameplay strategies.
"ya know which is great um dad that's why I drink like data analysis in sports dorka Palooza dorka Palooza the that's of Bill Simmons as a sports writer for grant landcom now he dubbed that's the MIT S..."
This segment discusses how teams are adapting their offensive strategies based on data insights. McClusky highlights the importance of understanding player tendencies and shot selection, illustrating how teams like the Warriors and Spurs are leveraging analytics to optimize their gameplay and capitalize on high-value shots.
"and most franchises frankly had no idea what to do with this so we've met with at least two companies that are in taking NBA data and and processing it and and it's unbelievably interesting because fi..."
Mark McClusky addresses the ethical dilemmas surrounding performance enhancement in sports. He discusses the Goldman dilemma, where athletes are asked if they would take a drug guaranteeing success at the cost of their life, revealing the complex motivations and changing attitudes towards performance-enhancing substances in competitive sports.
"this movement because you know baseball again is where the certain the baseball is easy because it's state-based it's very discrete moments basketball is continually moving and fluid soccer football h..."
The conversation delves into the arbitrary nature of sports regulations, questioning why certain enhancements are accepted while others are banned. The segment highlights the moral distinctions between cheating and performance enhancement, emphasizing the need to protect clean athletes' competitiveness.
"some in the past like just any let anybody do anything because at least you can be sort of internally consistent in sort of thinking about it more in talking to people you know to argue by analogy whi..."
Altitude training, including the use of hypoxic tents, raises questions about fairness in sports. This segment explores the fine line between legal performance enhancements and doping, discussing the World Anti-Doping Agency's considerations and the implications for athletes seeking competitive advantages.
"or 85 feet to first base red blood cells he's just another example of that right so we're totally cool with people living in altitude because we don't feel like we should let people okay so okay so ho..."
As technology evolves, so does the landscape of athletic performance. This segment discusses how advancements in training technology, nutrition, and athlete monitoring are reshaping sports. The conversation highlights the potential for future improvements and the ongoing debate about the ethics of performance enhancement.
"with others the world anti-doping agency actually looked into banning altitude tents and and they had that conversation for a long time and in talking to some of these altitude researchers one thing t..."
The discussion turns to the limits of human athletic performance and whether we are approaching those limits. This segment features insights from experts on the potential for future breakthroughs in sports and the implications of evolving training methods and athlete physiology.
"but it is at the end of the day it's just we its we decide on a set of rules and ask everybody if I own the mini version of this house this summer spent three straight weeks in the mountains biking ca..."
Exploring the concept of athletic evolution, this segment discusses how future athletes may differ significantly from today's competitors. The conversation touches on the potential for genetic advancements and the implications for sports as we know them.
"for the book his name's Andy Walsh she runs Red Bull actually runs this giant high-performance athletic program they sponsored hundreds of athletes around the world who are we talking about caffeine b..."
Australia's pioneering role in sports science and technology is highlighted in this segment. The Australian Institute of Sport's innovations and their impact on global sports are discussed, showcasing how data-driven decisions are transforming athletic performance.
"what what what interesting trends are you looking seeing now that you think have you know that are worth watching go forward I mean I keep coming back to just we're actually really far behind in the U..."
The integration of data analytics in team sports is revolutionizing coaching strategies. This segment discusses how real-time data is used to make informed decisions about player performance and substitutions, emphasizing the shift from subjective to objective evaluations in sports.
"like Jeff how do you feel but like Jeff's initial ten yards sprint time has gone down ten percent he needs a break because he's not able to cover this winger with so we're two minutes into the game or..."
As technology becomes more prevalent in sports, players' unions are expressing concerns about privacy and data usage. This segment explores the tension between technological advancements and athletes' rights, highlighting the challenges of negotiating contracts in a data-driven environment.
"which is inching questions yeah work I think I think we are David Epstein who"
The essence of sports lies in its unpredictability. This segment reflects on the excitement of witnessing unexpected moments in games, emphasizing why fans are drawn to sports and the continuous evolution of athletic performance.
"wrote another great book about sports science last year called the sports gene talked about it as the Big Bang of body types it used to be there are these amazing studies on morphology done over the c..."
In this segment, McClusky critiques the current state of wearable technology in sports, describing most devices as toys rather than reliable tools for professional athletes. He explains the challenges of data accuracy and the reluctance of elite athletes to depend on consumer-grade fitness trackers.
"as again you watch this now 60s NFL games like the offensive linemen like the huge guys on the field are the size of like the tail bags not even right I mean yeah like like 6:00 to 2:30 was like a big..."
The conversation shifts to the privacy issues surrounding athlete monitoring technologies. McClusky and Jordan discuss how teams use data primarily during practices and the implications of tracking athletes' lives post-contract, raising ethical questions about privacy in professional sports.
"information but nobody at the professional level is relying on a tool like Fitbit or up or FuelBand Jill I think we'll see that tomorrow morning well yeah I think those are huge questions I think that..."
McClusky reflects on the excitement of watching sports, emphasizing that each game offers unique moments that defy expectations. He argues that the unpredictability of sports is what captivates fans, contrasting it with a purely analytical approach to performance.
"a tough negotiation I think yeah it's I mean I can't attribute it to anything other than like that's why we watch sports right we watch sports to see like if you watch sports really really carefully e..."
This segment explores the relationship between genetics and the longevity of elite athletes. McClusky discusses how, despite the physical toll of their careers, many elite athletes tend to live longer than the general population, hinting at the complexities of genetic factors in sports.
"it's just this thing that happens hey I will be honest that I don't know a super ton about them so I don't want to speak terribly authoritative Lee I mean there are some really interesting research on..."
McClusky addresses the effectiveness of anabolic agents like HGH and testosterone in enhancing athletic performance. He clarifies the legalities surrounding their use and discusses the implications of personalized training and nutrition in maximizing individual potential.
"through so I can't really speak to any specifics on a specific plan but which one okay say Coleman Valley Road I mean look HGH and testosterone freakin work I mean there's no doubt that those anabolic..."
In this segment, McClusky highlights the significant variability in how individuals respond to training programs. He explains that genetic differences can lead to vastly different outcomes in performance improvements, underscoring the importance of personalized training approaches.
"programs we're like oh yeah yeah we're all different we're all individuals but it's we are crazily so some so the population in this room 65 or 70 there are five of us in this room likely who are very..."
McClusky speculates on the future of American football, suggesting that growing concerns about player safety may lead to a decline in participation. He compares the current state of football to boxing's historical popularity, hinting at a potential shift in athlete preferences.
"right I mean yeah I mean to a large extent yes yeah I mean it's yeah yeah I'll give her a ring after when we're when we're having drinks give me the phone I'll tell her you're totally right you know w..."
This segment delves into the limits of human performance, referencing research on the plateauing of speed in horse and dog racing. McClusky discusses the challenges of genetic modifications in sports and the complexities of understanding the genetic basis of athletic performance.
"athletes shift I think obviously we know all the youth participation numbers in soccer that's that's never really translated to anything at the world stage we're getting better Klinsmann's actually gr..."
McClusky elaborates on the genetic factors influencing athletic success, particularly in sports like basketball. He discusses the statistical advantages of height and the rarity of tall individuals, emphasizing how genetics plays a crucial role in determining an athlete's potential.
"where does it end yeah I don't know I mean it's um so near the end of the book and the last chapter is on the limits of performance and Mark Denny who's another Stanford guy or at this kind of amazing..."
In the final segment, McClusky advocates for the benefits of sampling different sports rather than specializing early. He argues that late specialization can lead to better matches between athletes and their sports, ultimately enhancing enjoyment and performance.
"I god only knows where I'll end up then you're in the book the odds of playing in the NBA go up massively with each inch so if you're if you're seven feet tall so first of all out there spin seven fee..."