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Grant Mitchell — The Potential of AI Drug Repurposing | Episode 215

Grant Mitchell — The Potential of AI Drug Repurposing | Episode 215

39 segments available

Grant Mitchell is a seasoned entrepreneur, operator, and investor in the areas of health, technology, and machine learning. He is currently the co-founder and CEO of Every Cure, where he uses AI to research rare diseases and conduct drug repurposing. Grant joins the show to discuss the use of AI in rare drug research, the role of translational scientists, neglected knowledge, and MUCH MORE! Important Links: - Every Cure Website - https://everycure.org/about/ - Dr. Grant’s Twitter - https://twitter.com/grantwmitchell?lang=en - Dr. Grant’s LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/grantwmitchell/ Show Notes: 0:00:00 Intro 0:01:01 Main podcast 0:06:20 The Organizational Problem in Pharma 0:15:41 Biomedical Knowledge Graphs 0:19:50 The Traditional Pharma Approach to Drug R&D 0:24:40 Risks in the World of AI-driven Drug Discovery 0:31:02 The Limits of AI for Medical Use 0:33:55 Biology’s Ignorome 0:43:33 The Role of Translators 0:47:43 The Typical Every Cure Supporter 0:53:14 Neglected Latent Knowledge 1:05:03 Grant as Emperor of the World Books/Essays Mentioned: - The AI Revolution - https://waitbutwhy.com/2015/01/artificial-intelligence-revolution-1.html; by Tim Urban (Wait But Why) - Ikigai - The Japanese Secret to a Long and Happy Life; by Héctor García & Francesc Miralles

Segments Timeline

1
0:01 - 1:01
1:00 duration164 words

Unlocking Drug Potential

Grant Mitchell discusses the mission of Every Cure to repurpose existing drugs for neglected diseases. He highlights the inefficiencies in traditional pharmaceutical research, emphasizing the potential of the 3,000 existing drugs that could be utilized to treat various diseases that currently lack effective treatments.

"the drugs that we have are not fully utilized to treat every disease that they possibly can and it's our mission to take all that incredible work and just do the little bit of more effort it takes to ..."

2
1:01 - 2:11
1:09 duration170 words

The Dire Need for Solutions

In this segment, Grant Mitchell reveals the staggering statistic that around 22,000 diseases exist, with many being rare and lacking FDA-approved treatments. He explains the barriers to research on existing drugs and how Every Cure aims to overcome these challenges to provide treatments for patients in need.

"well hello everyone it's Jim o shasy with yet another infinite Loops today I have a very special guest a member of my family well kind of a member of my family uh Dr Grant Mitchell who man Grant you h..."

3
2:11 - 3:02
0:50 duration147 words

A Personal Journey to Drug Repurposing

Grant shares a personal story about his roommate, David, who faced a life-threatening illness during medical school. This experience ignited Grant's passion for drug repurposing, leading him to explore how existing drugs could be used to treat rare diseases, ultimately founding Every Cure.

"much for that kind introduction Jim and uh the the uh problem is dire more dire than you even uh portrayed there it's actually around depending on the definition of disease you choose 22,000 diseases ..."

4
3:02 - 4:10
1:07 duration199 words

The Fight Against a Rare Disease

Grant recounts the challenges faced by his roommate David, who suffered from a severe illness that required aggressive treatment. He describes their determination to find a solution, which involved reaching out to researchers and studying David's condition to identify potential drug therapies.

"that we've launched called every cure is designed to overcome those barriers and and pursue that research and make sure that patients get these treatments I recall a lunch many years ago that you and ..."

5
4:10 - 5:22
1:12 duration232 words

Finding Hope Through Research

In this segment, Grant explains how he and David's team worked tirelessly to understand the mechanisms of David's disease. Their efforts led to the discovery of a drug that ultimately put David into remission, showcasing the potential of repurposing existing medications for effective treatment.

"feel like I'm G to die I said said what how what are you talking about David you're the healthiest guy I know um and just a few short weeks later he was in the ICU uh and nearly in a coma his his orga..."

6
5:22 - 6:34
1:12 duration240 words

The Power of Collaboration

Grant discusses the importance of collaboration in medical research, emphasizing that understanding diseases requires both scientific knowledge and organizational alignment. He reflects on how their early efforts to unite researchers laid the groundwork for future advancements in drug repurposing.

"the uh it kills you and so he was given probably three years to live and we being naive early 20 year olds um 20-some year olds we looked at this problem and said well if no one else is working on thi..."

7
6:34 - 7:49
1:15 duration220 words

Scaling Drug Repurposing Efforts

Grant shares insights into how advancements in data analysis and machine learning have made it possible to scale drug repurposing efforts. He highlights the significance of utilizing large medical databases to identify subpopulations that may benefit from existing drugs.

"study David's blood and try and identify patterns in the way that the sakin were expressing themselves and to see if maybe we could figure out which pathway was actually going wrong in his body and th..."

8
7:49 - 9:02
1:12 duration205 words

The Role of AI in Drug Discovery

In this segment, Grant elaborates on how Every Cure leverages artificial intelligence to analyze medical literature and create a biomedical knowledge graph. This innovative approach aims to unlock the life-saving potential of existing drugs and improve patient outcomes.

"of what we were doing was you know trying to understand the underlying mechanisms of these disease and then finding drugs that already exist that line with those mechanisms so we don't have to spend a..."

9
9:02 - 10:06
1:04 duration222 words

Transforming Patient Care

Grant discusses the transformative potential of AI in healthcare, particularly in drug repurposing. He emphasizes the urgency of addressing neglected diseases and how Every Cure's mission is to relieve patient suffering by finding effective treatments through innovative research.

"databases to identify subpopulations where a drug might perform better might be higher in efficacy or or better in safety and and we realized that that's really in a way it's kind of drug repurposing ..."

10
10:06 - 11:00
0:54 duration148 words

Lessons from Personal Loss

Reflecting on personal experiences, Grant shares how the loss of his sister to lupus drives his commitment to improving patient care. He draws parallels between her condition and the challenges faced by patients with rare diseases, underscoring the need for continued research and innovation.

"know like I said before more data structured better you have models like these large language models that that are able to digest all of medical literature output it in a structured fashion compile it..."

11
11:00 - 12:45
1:45 duration272 words

Understanding Resilience in Disease

Grant explains the concept of resilience in patients with similar diseases and how understanding genetic patterns can inform treatment strategies. He discusses the importance of incorporating this data into Every Cure's research efforts to enhance drug repurposing outcomes.

"and then there'd be a massive attack and and it wasn't like clockwork uh like your colleagues uh but um when when she died in 1971 it was like nobody knew very much at all about the about the disease ..."

12
12:45 - 15:00
2:14 duration385 words

Building a Collaborative Future

In this concluding segment, Grant outlines Every Cure's nonprofit model and its focus on collaboration over competition. He emphasizes the organization's commitment to leveraging AI and data to create a comprehensive biomedical knowledge graph, ultimately aiming to save lives and improve healthcare outcomes.

"something like that out and to be able to do it uh to have the opportunity to do it more and at scale and and have the opportunity to save potentially millions of lives is uh is a huge motivation for ..."

13
15:00 - 16:08
1:08 duration195 words

Building a Biomedical Knowledge Graph

In this segment, Grant elaborates on the concept of a biomedical Knowledge Graph, which represents all biomedical knowledge in a 3D vector space. He explains how this graph includes drugs, genes, proteins, and their relationships, forming a comprehensive data set that can be used for drug repurposing and understanding disease mechanisms.

"an AI company because if you're if you're want to build the world's best AI platform for drug repurposing you're going to need the world's best data set to train it and you're not going to get your ha..."

14
16:08 - 17:06
0:57 duration139 words

Integrating Genetic Resilience Data

Grant explains how Every Cure integrates data from studies on genetic resilience to enhance their Knowledge Graph. He discusses the importance of understanding genetic mutations and protective proteins, which can lead to new drug repurposing opportunities and improve patient outcomes.

"knowledge we have as Humanity every drug every Target every protein every Gene every pathway cell type organ system Etc and how they relate to different phenotypes symptoms and and diseases and so eve..."

15
17:06 - 18:10
1:04 duration168 words

Leveraging Existing Drugs for New Uses

This segment focuses on the potential of repurposing existing drugs to treat additional diseases. Grant highlights the efficiency of drug repurposing compared to developing new compounds, emphasizing the speed at which existing drugs can be tested and prescribed for new indications.

"people have constructed uh the actually NIH funded a a program called the inats translator program where a number of these knowledge grafts have been constructed other groups are doing it a lot of pri..."

16
18:10 - 19:06
0:55 duration173 words

Navigating the Pharma Landscape

Grant discusses the complexities of the pharmaceutical industry, particularly the lack of incentive to research off-patent drugs. He explains how Every Cure aims to build on the existing pharmaceutical efforts to unlock the potential of these neglected drugs for new therapeutic uses.

"protection well how's that data going to fit into my knowledge graph well you can imagine that I now if I have the the data set that they're working with I know that there's a mutation that results in..."

17
19:06 - 20:04
0:58 duration146 words

Collaborating with Pharma for Patient Benefit

In this segment, Grant shares his perspective on collaboration with the pharmaceutical industry. He emphasizes that Every Cure is not a competitor but rather a partner that enhances the value of existing drugs, aiming to improve patient care and outcomes through drug repurposing.

"considered before by experts before so to answer your question again is you know we're not doing that work ourselves but we integrate the knowledge from that work so it can train our models and so we ..."

18
20:04 - 21:02
0:57 duration158 words

Overcoming Regulatory Challenges

Grant addresses the regulatory landscape surrounding drug research and the challenges of medical data privacy. He explains how Every Cure navigates these complexities by focusing on generating evidence for drug viability without pursuing intellectual property.

"value with and it's not their fault that there's just no incentive to pursue additional research around drugs that are off patent and are generic and no one can make money on and so that actually repr..."

19
21:02 - 22:01
0:58 duration157 words

The Role of Evidence in Drug Repurposing

This segment highlights the importance of generating robust evidence for drug repurposing. Grant discusses how Every Cure provides sufficient evidence to convince the medical community of a drug's efficacy for new uses, facilitating off-label prescriptions by physicians.

"takes to find the additional diseases that that they could potentially treat uh so I I am uh more than happy to to work with the pharmaceutical industry and they're generally happy to to work with us ..."

20
22:01 - 23:01
1:00 duration154 words

The Potential of Combination Therapies

Grant explores the possibility of discovering new uses for existing drugs through combination therapies. He discusses how Every Cure focuses on the vast array of existing drugs to unlock their potential, rather than developing new compounds from scratch.

"of it if if we do if we do the research um and we're not looking to pursue IP we're not looking to capture IP and we're not looking to then license it out or or uh or sell it to someone else uh we're ..."

21
23:01 - 24:02
1:00 duration157 words

The Fast Track to Saving Lives

In this segment, Grant emphasizes the urgency of drug repurposing as a means to save lives quickly. He contrasts the lengthy process of developing new drugs with the rapid potential of repurposing existing ones, highlighting the impact on patient care.

"potential outcomes from you building these amazing graphs and data sets be where you could find a not only a new use for an existing drug that's been approved for something else but a combination of e..."

22
24:02 - 25:06
1:04 duration188 words

Challenges in AI-Driven Drug Discovery

Grant discusses the inherent challenges in AI-driven drug discovery, including the lack of a feedback loop in traditional drug development. He explains how Every Cure's approach to drug repurposing allows for a tighter feedback loop, enhancing the efficiency of their AI models.

"have to if you if you develop a novel compound you have to go all the way through the entire clinical development of an approval process indd phase one phase two phase three trials um this takes years..."

23
25:06 - 26:06
1:00 duration209 words

The Intersection of AI and Medical Expertise

This segment highlights the critical need for collaboration between AI and medical expertise in drug discovery. Grant shares insights from his experience, emphasizing the importance of integrating clinical understanding into AI algorithms to ensure effective drug repurposing.

"through clinical trials and through regulatory approvals into patients so here you are an AI company you've hired up your team of you know 50 data scientists and experts and you come up with your hypo..."

24
26:06 - 27:01
0:55 duration148 words

Scoring Drug-Disease Relationships

Grant explains the process of scoring potential drug-disease relationships within Every Cure's Knowledge Graph. He discusses how they normalize and evaluate these relationships to identify the most promising opportunities for drug repurposing.

"repurposing solves that tension it allows us to go from hypothesis to validation in a much tighter feedback loop so what we're doing is something that both helps patients in the fastest and cheapest w..."

25
27:01 - 28:02
1:00 duration156 words

Exploring Historical Uses of Medicine

In this segment, Grant touches on the exploration of historical uses of plant medicine and other natural compounds. He discusses how these elements are integrated into their data sources, although the focus remains on readily available drugs for patient use.

"whereas of course AI uh that is kind of what it's designed to do have you have you looked at um I I presume but correct me if I'm wrong uh are you extending it to not just existing drugs uh in the mar..."

26
28:02 - 29:00
0:57 duration159 words

The Future of AI in Drug Discovery

Grant reflects on the future of AI in drug discovery, acknowledging the current limitations while expressing optimism for advancements. He emphasizes the need for ongoing human testing and the integration of medical expertise in developing AI-driven solutions.

"application in artificial intelligence is that you know you can't trust the AI completely we're certainly not there you know I think someday in the future maybe a hundred years from now we'll say my G..."

27
30:17 - 31:37
1:19 duration248 words

Navigating Drug-Disease Relationships

In this segment, Grant discusses the complexities of comparing drug efficacy across various diseases using AI. He explains the process of scoring drug-disease pairs and the importance of selecting the right candidates for clinical trials. The conversation highlights the challenges of ensuring that AI-driven predictions translate into real-world patient benefits, emphasizing the need for careful selection and validation of drug candidates.

"a tricky thing to do is you know disease uh drug a for disease X compared to drug B for disease Y how do you compare the possibilities of each of those 0 to one so we create that normalized score and ..."

28
31:37 - 33:41
2:04 duration306 words

The Concept of Digital Twins in Medicine

Grant explores the future potential of creating digital twins using genomic data to simulate drug interactions. He discusses the current limitations in mapping drugs to individual genomes and the concept of the 'ignorome'—the unknown aspects of biology that hinder progress. This segment delves into the vision of personalized medicine through advanced knowledge graphs and the challenges that lie ahead in achieving this goal.

"that you need a a really smart uh you know head of translational translational science to make that last sort of decision that what's going to go into patients and and how how it's all going to work y..."

29
33:41 - 35:04
1:22 duration245 words

Leveraging AI for Patient Insights

In this segment, Grant discusses the potential of using AI to analyze patient experiences and outcomes through chatbots and meta-analyses of health forums. He emphasizes the importance of translating patient narratives into actionable insights for research, showcasing how AI can enhance understanding of real-world drug effects and patient journeys.

"requires us to create the perfect Knowledge Graph the knowledge graph that is is effectively the exact representation of of reality of of of the human body and and we're just not there yet there's so ..."

30
35:04 - 36:43
1:38 duration217 words

Harnessing Large Language Models in Medical Research

Grant explains how large language models can be utilized to digest vast amounts of medical literature and extract valuable biomedical concepts. He describes the process of building knowledge graphs from this data, which can then inform drug discovery and patient care. This segment highlights the innovative applications of AI in synthesizing medical knowledge and improving research efficiency.

"I'm I'm interested in for example have you considered like using uh medical chat Bots with existing patients where they could take uh an interrogation or a conversation Andor uh do a metaanalysis of a..."

31
36:43 - 39:39
2:56 duration522 words

AI's Role in Generating Hypotheses

In this thought-provoking segment, Grant discusses the potential for AI to generate its own research hypotheses and test them through automated labs. He envisions a future where AI not only analyzes existing data but also contributes to scientific discovery by formulating and validating new ideas. This segment captures the exciting possibilities of AI in advancing medical research.

"effectively every single paper and extract all those biomedical Concepts that I described before so if it ever mentions you know a protein or or a drug or a disease Etc not just extracting the the con..."

32
39:39 - 41:06
1:27 duration220 words

The Future of AI in Medicine

Grant reflects on the rapid advancements in AI and its implications for the medical field. He discusses the need for skilled translators who can bridge the gap between medical knowledge and AI technology. This segment emphasizes the evolving landscape of healthcare and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in harnessing AI's full potential.

"and it's not just chatbots I think that uh another use case that we've explored that we think might be advantageous and helpful would be when we were discussing various use cases in the medical stack ..."

33
41:06 - 45:02
3:55 duration690 words

The Translator Role in AI-Driven Healthcare

In this concluding segment, Grant highlights the emerging role of translators in the intersection of medicine and AI. He discusses the skills needed for this position and the value of individuals who can communicate effectively across disciplines. This segment underscores the importance of strategic thinking and communication in advancing AI applications in healthcare.

"mean like the knowledge explosion that we are are undergoing right now and the Innovations and and whatnot certainly I you know I'm 63 and this is the the most I've ever seen in my lifetime have you e..."

34
44:50 - 49:00
4:10 duration734 words

Every Cure's Nonprofit Model and Supporters

Grant explains the rationale behind Every Cure's nonprofit status, focusing on their mission to build an AI platform that leverages existing drugs to save lives. He discusses the unique profile of their supporters, who are often motivated by personal experiences with neglected diseases. Grant invites listeners to contribute to their cause, emphasizing the organization's commitment to maximizing the impact of donations on healthcare outcomes.

"going forward and for people that are out there trying to figure out you know what they want to do in life uh you know you don't necessarily have to be a Cod but if you can speak the language and then..."

35
49:00 - 50:30
1:30 duration221 words

Funding and Partnerships for Innovation

In this segment, Grant outlines the funding landscape for Every Cure, including significant support from philanthropic organizations and a recent agreement with ARPA-H. He discusses the implications of this funding for advancing their AI platform and the need for additional resources to conduct clinical trials. Grant emphasizes the organization's frugality and strategic approach to maximizing the impact of every dollar received.

"backers are uh some some really great philanthropies uh Chan Zuckerberg initiative laa Hill uh Arnold Ventures um the Carolyn Smith Foundation uh uh Newar at uh at Flagship pioneering the founder of m..."

36
50:30 - 51:40
1:10 duration208 words

The Vision for Drug Discovery

Grant shares his vision for the future of drug discovery at Every Cure, focusing on the development of a biomedical knowledge graph and scoring system. He outlines the timeline for these initiatives, including plans to make the knowledge graph publicly accessible to researchers. This segment highlights the organization's commitment to transparency and collaboration in advancing healthcare solutions.

"you know can be an extremely expensive Endeavor so uh every every dollar counts we're an extremely Frugal organization we we rely on free office space and and uh and and as much support as we can get ..."

37
51:40 - 59:30
7:50 duration1288 words

Next Milestones in AI Drug Repurposing

In this concluding segment, Grant discusses the upcoming milestones for Every Cure, including the release of their knowledge graph and scoring system. He emphasizes the importance of these tools for researchers and healthcare providers in identifying effective drug repurposing opportunities. Grant's insights reflect the organization's dedication to leveraging AI for impactful healthcare solutions and improving patient outcomes.

"what was the biggest surprise as you uh did the research um what what uh What uh emerged as a solution to a disease that had you kind of as a doctor and your colleagues scratching your heads and think..."

38
1:00:01 - 1:01:19
1:18 duration246 words

The Vision for Drug Repurposing

In this segment, Grant shares his vision for drug repurposing, emphasizing the goal of confirming drug efficacy for rare diseases and the importance of scaling their efforts. He discusses the ambitious targets for clinical trials and the potential to revolutionize patient care through innovative approaches. The conversation underscores the significance of persistence and clarity of vision in achieving impactful outcomes.

"what motivates all of us in the meantime you know we we actually use the graph and and the preliminary results to inform some of our thinking and and we've been able to help a a small amount of patien..."

39
1:01:19 - 1:09:03
7:43 duration1350 words

Incepting Change: Clarity of Vision

Grant Mitchell presents two powerful ideas for inspiring global change: the notion that 'you are they' and the importance of clarity of vision. He encourages individuals to take initiative in solving problems and articulates how a clear vision can attract resources and support. This segment encapsulates the essence of leadership and the drive to make a difference in the world of drug discovery and patient care.

"every drug is unlocked to treat every disease that it possibly can yeah and and that brings in the uh idea of using this as open- Source AI which I I think uh I'm a huge fan of because of everything y..."