"the following is a conversation with s James Gates Jr he's a theoretical physicist and professor Brown University working on supersymmetry super gravity a super string theory he served on former Presi..."

"co-author of a new book titled proving Einstein right about the scientists who set out to prove in Stein's theory of relativity you may have noticed that I've been speaking with not just computer scie..."

"support on patreon or simply connect with me on Twitter Alex Friedman spelled Fri D ma n if you leave a review an apple podcast for YouTube or Twitter consider measuring ideas people topics you find i..."

"service being advertised this show is presented by cash app the number one finance app in the App Store I personally use cash app to send money to friends but you can also use it to buy sell and depos..."

"James Gates Jr you tell a story when you were 8 he had a profound realization at the stars in the sky are actually places that we could travel to one day do you think human beings will ever venture ou..."

"problems actually our bodies which doesn't seem to be conscious for a lot of people even getting to Mars is going to present this challenge because we live in this a wonderful home has a protective ma..."

"and yet that part that you mentioned in the speech that I just have to throw in there of JFK of we do these things not because they're easy but because they're hard it's such a beautiful line that I w..."

"curve is you'll notice that has been an anchor there's the simplest way for me to discuss this with people about what the challenge is so yes bending the cost curve is certainly critical if we're goin..."

"universe but that doesn't mean they've come to visit us do you think they would look do you think will recognize alien life if we saw it do you think you'd look anything like the carbon-based the biol..."

"miracle so they're simple equations relatively simple that can describe things you know the fundamental functions then describe everything about our reality that's not can you imagine universes where ..."

"just get a sense that something is going on while I interrupted you in terms of compressing what we're down to we consented at the speed of light yes so so the first thing is I would argue that it's p..."

"consciousness could get to Mars very quickly it doesn't have our problems you can engineer the body as I say there's a ship or a body you engineer one or both send it to the speed of light well that o..."

"actually generate creativity it's somehow I get this sense of my lived experience and watching creative people that somehow connected to the irrational parts of what goes on in our head yes and dreami..."

"something new but I've also observed in my self and other scientists that there are other ways that we are creative creative and these other ways to me are actually far more powerful I first personall..."

"why does this work and so one night I was over in my dormitory room in Baker house I was trying to do a calculus problem set I was getting nowhere I got a terrific headache I went to sleep and had thi..."

"because the mine I think is struggling to get out of this and the only the only way the heaters actually solved the problem and even though you're not consciously solving problems something is going o..."

"but you're encouraging by me answering the stupid questions no they're not stupid you know your father was in the army what do you think about any other grass Tyson recently wrote a book on interlinki..."

"that might cure us and many people have argued that actually it prevented nuclear weapons have prevented more military conflict then it certainly froze the conflict domain it's an interesting that now..."

"conceive and then experimentally verify that these ideas have an accent of accuracies them so one of those buckets we call matter these are things like electrons things that are like quarks which are ..."

"both elegant and simple but is it crazy to you that there is force carriers like is that supposed to be a trivial idea to think about if we think about photons gluons that there's four fundamental for..."

"there was another extraordinarily great physicist a man named James Clark Maxwell and Maxwell between these two other giants taught us about electric and magnetic forces and it's from his equations th..."

"don't bounce off of each other the reason the room has to be dusty is because we want to see the light because I'll let the rule dust wasn't there we wouldn't actually see the light until it got to th..."

"force of gravity exactly because maybe something way more mysterious than we so when you say is that would it be like the other particles force carriers in some ways yes but in other ways no it turned..."

"ordering of the forces some of the fascinating work you've done is in the space of supersymmetry symmetry in general can you describe first of all what is supersymmetry ah yes so you remove the two bu..."

"two undergraduate degrees my first undergraduate degree is actually mathematics and my second is physics even though I always wanted to be a physicist plan a which involved getting good grades was mat..."

"here we have squirts so now we've got this balance pie and that's basically what I understood as a graduate student in 1975 about this idea of supersymmetry that it was going to fill up these two quad..."

"first PhD thesis in the physics department on this idea because I just I must draw to the balance drawn to the symmetry so what boundary what does that first of all is this fundamentally a mathematica..."

"you mentioned Einstein so let's go there for a moment in our book proofing Einstein right we actually do talk about the fact that Albert Einstein in 1915 wrote a set of equations which were very diffe..."

"prediction the second prediction that came out of the theory of general relativity which Einstein wrote in 1915 was that if you if so let me describe an experiment and come back to it suppose like a g..."

"here's a mathematical idea now how do you actually prove it well you've got to watch yes just a quick pause on that just the language you're using he found out I can say he did a calculation it's a re..."

"works you earlier we spoke about the Higgs boson so why did we go looking for the answer is they had back in the late 60s and early 70s some people wrote some equations and the equations predicted thi..."

"mathematicians would understand that nobody in there else in their right mind was so let's not go there so we but we figured out that the data that was in the equation suddenly it was in these funny p..."

"mathematical language was not known by mathematicians which makes it pretty interesting because now you have to actually teach mathematicians about a piece of mathematics because that's how they make ..."

"hemming address the problem how do you reliably transmit digital information and what he came up with with was a brilliant idea the way to solve it is that you take the data that you want to send and ..."

"weren't crazy mm-hmm eventually we were able to publish it I in this collaboration of mathematicians and other physicists and so every since then I have actually been looking at the mathematics of the..."

"string theory is a has been something I've never seen the erecto physics do it is broken out into consciousness of the general public before we're finished you see string theory doesn't actually exist..."

"could talk about maybe experiments of validation and you you're the co-author of a recently published book proving Einstein right the the human story of it - the daring expeditions that changed how we..."

"general relativity are just briefly sure since and what prediction Einstein made and maybe maybe some or memorable moment from the human journey of trying to prove this thing right she was incredible ..."

"Albert Einstein in his struggle because although we regard him as a genius as I said in 1911 he actually made an incorrect prediction about spending starlight and that's actually what set the astronom..."

"one of my favorite things you also learn things like in our book how eclipses and watching eclipses was a driver of the development of science in our nation when it was very young in fact even before ..."

"myself because one thing that physics is all about is that you don't take anybody's word for anything it's you can do it yourself it does seem that mathematics is a little bit more tolerant of radical..."

"from from the storytelling the book from general activity from the radical nature of the theory to looking at the future string theory well I think that the string theorists are probably going to retr..."

"jumping around a few topics while you were at Cal Tech you've gotten to interact I believe with Richard Fineman I have to ask yes do you have any stories to stand on your memory of that I have a fair ..."

"public fora speaking about physics in particular in science in general it's also something that Einstein said in a different way he he said he had these two different formulations one of them is when ..."

"story and on the Russian side we don't know the Americans we weren't taught the I know I know I have many many Russian friends and we've had this conversation in the occasional but you know like gener..."

"opportunity to serve on the US President's Council of Advisors on science and technology what would be your answer I was amused that the formulation of the question yeah yeah because it's clear that t..."

"saying you know that I chickened out or whatever and so I took the plunge and we had a pretty good run there are things that I did in those seven years that of which I'm extraordinarily proud one of t..."

"extraordinary man and one of the things that was completely clear was that he was not afraid and not intimidated to be in a room of really smart people I mean really smart people that he was completel..."

"come back more interestingly enough come back with really good questions to ask I've noticed this is in an area that I understand more of artificial intelligence I've seen him integrate information ab..."

"actually misunderstand that because it's not what it doesn't mean what we generally take it to mean colloquially but it's such a beautiful expression yeah it is it's from the hamlet to be or not to be..."