"the following is a conversation with john hopfield professor Princeton whose life's work weave beautifully through biology chemistry neuroscience and physics most crucially he saw the messy world of b..."

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"so the glitches become features in them in the biological neural network they they can look let me take one of the things that I used to do research on if you take things which oscillate their rhythms..."

"under step with it and people were very uncomfortable with it they closed the bridge for two years really fully built stiffening for it no nerves look nerve cells loose action potentials you have a bu..."

"of the biological molecule level you have a piece of DNA which included an encode for a particular protein you could duplicate that piece of DNA and now one part of it encode for that protein but the ..."

"between biological and companies have difficulty having a new product competing with an old fraud large yeah and when IBM built this first PC you probably read the dread the book they made a little is..."

"other little quirk that you particularly like adaptation is everything when you get down to it but the difference there are differences between adaptation where your learning goes on on the over gener..."

"biology well when you talk to a computer scientist about neural networks it's all math the fact that biology actually came about from evolution the thing and the fact that biology is about a system wh..."

"so you mentioned two kinds of adaptation the evolutionary adaptation at the end the adaptation are learning at the scale of a single human life which do you are which is particularly beautiful to you ..."

"at both the air parents of physicists both of our parents were physicists and the real thing I gathered that was a feeling that the world is an understandable place and if you do enough experiments an..."

"how to express it well and you run smack up against it well you choose these look at these simple neural Nets feed-forward neural Nets which do amazing things and yet you know contain nothing of the e..."

"can talk even about recurrent recurrence but do you think all the pieces are there to achieve understanding through these simple mechanisms like back to our original question what is the fundamental i..."

"then in some sense passed the Turing test longer and more broad aspects and how many of these are good there are going to have to be before you say I've made something I've made a human I don't know b..."

"perfect people to actually dig in and see how they are used what they mean see you're very right might have to return several times to neurobiology and try to make our transistors more messy yo-yo at ..."

"launched a lot of the recent work with neural networks if we go to what are now called hopfield networks can you tell me what is associative memory in the mind for the human side let's explore memory ..."

"compress this information present in such a way that if I get the information comes in just like this again I don't bother about their to rewrite it or efforts to rewrite it simply do not yield anythi..."

"mean from the roots of physics by understanding so what did again sorry but hopfield networks help you understand what insight to give us about memory about learning they didn't give insights about le..."

"had already been put in and you couldn't understand why then putting in a picture of somebody else would generate something else over here but it didn't out under did not have a reasonable description..."

"fact that there were things though that the computation wasn't being ideally done all the way along a line and there are lots of models for error correction but one of the models for error correction ..."

"work here that's right that's right so these kinds of networks actually led to a lot of the work that is going on now and you're on that works artificial neural network so the follow-on work with rest..."

"probabilities in it this is a lovely encapsulation of something in computational something computational something both computational and physical computational and they very much related to feed-forw..."

"brain I don't think the brain is as deep as the deepest networks go the deepest computer science networks and I do wonder where they're part of that depth of the computer science networks is necessita..."

"little bit like a building a big computer and having running up through one clock cycle and then you can't do anything do you put you reload something coming in how do you use the fact that there are ..."

"every once in a while like I interested in consciousness and then I go and I've done that for years and ask one of my betters as it were their view on consciousness there's been interest in collecting..."

"subconscious yo-yo subconscious non conscious non-conscious that's the better word sir there's the it's only the Freud captured the other word yeah it's that's a confusing word subconscious Nicholas C..."

"do you mean like where do you stand in your today so perhaps has changed his day to day but where do you stand on the importance of consciousness in our whole big mess of cognition is it just a little..."

"blood of life would like to have said and that's why I'm we're working unconsciousness but of course he didn't have any smoking gun in the sense of Mendel and that's the weakness of his physician that..."

"if you don't push quite that far you can say essentially all of Neurobiology which is relevant it can be captured by classical equations of motion right because in my view of the mysteries of the brai..."

"and the easiest way to get that is to do it in a high dimensional space where some of these dimensions provide the dissipation which base which a kind of a physical system trajectories can dig our con..."

"that's the way you make a stable behavior so in general looking at the physics of the emergent stability in these not--when networks what are some interesting characteristics that what are some intere..."

"systems which are stable in the whoo to have these attractors behave even if you can't find the idly up and a function behind them or an energy function behind them it gives you a metaphor for thought..."

"is there's a creative element like there's an there's that there's there's a creative element and in a simple-minded neural net you ever a constellation of instances from which you've learned and if y..."

"it than that and it gets back to my own question of where's is it to understand something yeah you know is in a small tangent you've talked about the value of thinking of deductive reasoning in scienc..."

"found that way there's a met sure if you're familiar with the entire field of brain-computer interfaces has become more and more intensely researched and developed recently especially with companies l..."

"and in a general sense I think that's right you have to look you have to begin to be able to look for the collective modes of the collective operations of things it doesn't rely on this action potenti..."

"world the engineering world touch that's where their pressure sensor or to let very them an array of of a gazillion pressure pressure sensors none of what you're accurate all of which are perpetually ..."

"are and how to capture them from them biology would you say that's one of the main open problems of our age is to discover those equations yeah if you look at theirs molecules there's psychological be..."

"equations but your ear sounds some well you're both a physicist and a dreamer you have a sense that yes I can although I can only dream physics dreams physics shapes there was an interesting book call..."

"brain and out in the body that you worry about burying and it is to a certain extent true that for people who write things down equations dreams notepads Diaries fractions of their thought does contin..."

"what is the meaning of life looking back studied the mind a weird descendants of apes what's the meaning of our existence on this little earth Oh word meeting is as slippery as the word understand int..."