"the amount of alcohol it takes to begin to cause health rellated problems is much lower than you think. Okay. So, if I have this glass of wine every day you'd be in what we call moderate risk which is..."

"work that you do, what is the mission that you are on? My mission is really to change the way people think about and understand alcohol and drug problems and also to give people the evidence and the f..."

"is your sort of body of experience education? So I'm a medicine doctor by training. So I still do some general medicine like in the hospital take care of pneumonia and heart failure and in the outpati..."

"about how we treat addiction in the modern world, what are some of your gripes? Where are we going wrong? Oh how much time do we have? Where do we begin? I mean, I think at its core, the biggest probl..."

"one. And what is an addiction? What what falls into the the bucket of addiction? You know, because I'm I use my iPad a lot. I use my phone a lot. Um is that is that an addiction? Yeah, it's a great qu..."

"what things are capable of being addictive? Yeah, lots of things. I mean um, I focus mostly on alcohol and drugs. So, alcohol obviously probably most common. I think we'll talk about that a lot today,..."

"people. Even beyond that, I wonder sometimes in my life if I'm addicted to other things like I mean I drink coffee every day. Certainly get a craving to drink it now. Yeah. Well, there's, you know, a ..."

"problem? So, if you were to frame like why should we care? Why should the person listening to this care? Because I imagine it's the case that many people here don't have an addiction that fits into th..."

"in as a society? Are we getting better or are we getting more addicted? Yeah great question. Um the pandemic was not kind to addiction. So we saw rates of alcohol and drug use and deaths related to th..."

"was looking at some of the some of the life expectancy graphs and um this one in particular I found quite shocking. I'll throw it up on the screen but it shows that obviously you know we would expect ..."

"actually going on there because you know addiction is downstream from something else. Yeah. What is actually going on? Yeah. So that's a really great question like what drives people to use substances..."

"What is going on in the brain? You referenced it a little bit there. You referenced that dopamine makes you feel good. Um so you know very naively I would assume a case if you feel bad dopamine makes ..."

"was thinking about a friend of mine who is fairly well known um passed away from issues related to his addiction. Yeah. He had a lot of pressure on him when he was fairly young. He wasn't necessarily ..."

"from One Direction, the the boy band who passed away. and he was on my podcast and uh a few years before he passed away and on the show he said that much of what made his early life so difficult as a ..."

"I meet people like you, I always think to myself, you could have committed your life to anything. You could have you could have worked in pretty much any field and you would have been a success becaus..."

"person? Probably 24 or so from addiction. Yep. When you're dealing with a family member or someone close to you that has an addiction. So many people listening will be able to relate to that feeling. ..."

"lost that they didn't get? I think they needed science-based treatment and compassion and empathy and um and I think they needed a world where addiction was not seen as something to be ashamed of or s..."

"there's a phrase I had many years ago which I'm now reconsidering, which is um change happens when the pain of staying the same becomes greater than the pain of making a change. And that kind of dovet..."

"so alcohol yes there's I I mean alcohol's been on a journey. Yes. It's been on a journey in terms of society's opinion about it. Mhm. Can you take me on that journey and tell me where we are now and a..."

"you telling me that there's no healthy level of alcohol consumption? Yes. I would never say drinking alcohol is good for your health. That doesn't mean that drinking at what we call low-risk levels ca..."

"this glass of wine here and this pint of beer. Yep. If I drank one of these a day, not a huge amount, um I think what people tend to think is they think well, it's only one, so my body will just flush..."

"Okay. Cuz I was wondering why cancer has been increasing. Yes. A variety of different forms of cancer increasing. You know, breast cancer is one of the ones we always hear about that's increasing. So ..."

"just breast cancer? So that lowrisk category. So when we these big cancer studies categorize people as sort of low risk or light drinkers, moderate or heavy. And for pretty much every cancer once you ..."

"I think it's some somewhat more difficult for younger people to understand because younger people drink less. But if I think about the generation above me, having two glasses of wine a day is quite no..."

"I have other sort of do they call them comorbidities? Yeah, exactly. So other illnesses, other diseases in my body, my probability is going to go up further from obese some if I'm overweight. Exactly...."

"how is that leading to cancer? You referenced it slightly there, but I'm trying to I want to make sure I'm super clear of my brain as to like what the the the knock-on effects are and how that ends up..."

"sees ethanol as poison. Yes. I mean you know I know you talked about this Dr. Lumpy but your body always wants to restore what's called homeostasis. You're always your body's always going to fight to ..."

"which shows for anyone that can't see what we're describing at the moment. It shows the acceleration in liver disease uh death rates and general li liver disease compared to other parts of the body. Y..."

"So, I've got a bunch of questions around around the liver. Um, does that mean that my liver can take a bit of a beating before there's any real problems? Should I, you know, some someone like me, I do..."

"outside of alcohol cause great stress on our liver that we might not see as obvious? Yeah. Um so obesity. Um so food does. Yeah. Food. So your liver is very involved in glucose metabolism. Um so so ou..."

"much do you think this might be a bit of a strange bit of an an unclear question but how much alcohol is going to cause liver damage? So again it varies person to person for liver damage it does tend ..."

"alcohol just impact the liver? No. I mean alcohol has effects across our body. So many parts of the body can be affected by alcohol. So kind of starting from the top your brain and we can look at this..."

"going on there? like what's causing the brain to deteriorate in such a way because of alcohol. Yeah. Well, um remember I said um ethanol which is the molecule crosses the bloodb brain barrier and so e..."

"brain. So the brain for sure. The next is the mouth and your esophagus. So obviously you're drinking alcohol. It's bathing your mouth. It's bathing your esophagus and your stomach. So we do see an inc..."

"doesn't seem to be harm from alcohol. But once you get into the moderate and high, we see harms. And the harms can be a couple fold. One is um something called atrial fibrillation, which is basically ..."

"that if we're good at handling our beer or our alcohol, then it's having less harm on us. So, I'm for whatever reason I've always been good at drinking quite a lot when I used to drink. drink anymore,..."

"whatever, but he would get drunk very quickly. So I used to wonder I used to think well alcohol isn't harming me as much because I'm not having I'm not as drunk as he is. But but that's not true. No. ..."

"hangover is a fascinating thing that people are you know there's a lot of emerging evidence about it and trying to understand what happens. It seems to be most related to how high the ethanol concentr..."

"There'll be people listening to this now. I doubt they would have got this far, but um because if they if they did they probably wouldn't think this, but there'll be some people who would have gotten ..."

"someone with alcohol uh abuse disorder rehab is often the most widely known form of treatment. Um, one of my friends who struggled with addiction really really badly with alcohol addiction, but also d..."

"think about psychedelics as a way to counteract addictive behaviors like the ones we've described? Yeah, one of the most like groundbreaking trials in the last couple years for alcohol use disorder wa..."

"compound in magic mushrooms. Yes exactly. Have you heard of iberane? I have. Yeah. Which is often associated which is another psychedelic often associated with addiction. Yes. People have looked at ib..."

"food. What the hell is this? I'm going to tell you. All of you will probably know that I spend a huge amount of year about 50 weeks a year traveling around the world. And one of the great tips that I'..."

"understand addiction if we haven't experienced it directly in our own lives is we look up at role models on TV and in sort of celebrity pop culture and we see these role models who you know we see on ..."

"friend who had an addiction and um I remember always the life of the party. And I remember this one day he came up to me at at an event and he'd sat down in front of me and said to me um he said he li..."

"you tell me about one that changed you? Oh goodness. So many um you know so one gentleman in particular he was um struggled with heroin addiction for a long time and had been like we talked about it h..."

"about. If you were president of the United States, for example, let's just use this country as an example, and you had to make upstream changes to the way society was designed in order to mitigate the..."

"Yes. Yeah. Rat Park is a great example of that. What is Rat Park for those that don't know? Yeah. So rat park was a series of experiments that were done um where essentially they took they're trying t..."

"somebody up. You know, because I was talking to I think it was talking to Dr. Anna L about this about the idea that you can play a role in someone's addiction. Yeah. I.e. I want to help my friend who'..."

"guess I'm trying to represent the audience member that's listening to this right now that knows someone in their life that was addictive and they tried to be empathetic. They they tried to offer suppo..."

"difference in delivery there in terms of delivering that message? Because they're both ultimately getting to the same outcome, but it sounds like the language might be slightly different. Yeah, very d..."

"change you have to like train yourself to do the opposite to hear those little kernels of change talk and then I'm basically being a mirror but I'm amplifying it. So I'm taking these little kernels of..."

"other things, any other habits that we should be thinking about when we're trying to overcome an addiction? So if we think about alcohol as being at like the bottom of the stream, are there is there a..."

"marketeteers keep making this mistake. They're chasing volume instead of quality. And when you try to be seen by more people instead of the right people all you're doing is making noise. But that nois..."

"something we said earlier about how early childhood trauma causes the brain to change and then results in addictive behaviors. If I went through an early childhood trauma and my brain has changed beca..."

"you've worked with a patient who through the process of working with them and understanding their trauma, you discovered something unexpected about the root cause of their addictive behavior? Yeah. Ye..."

"sometimes there is that like that thing that people have never felt like they could share with anyone that really is at the root of so much of what they've been dealing with. And like the person who w..."

"You must carry a lot of this stuff with you because your line of work sounds like you're dealing with bad news quite often, more so than the average person. And the news you're dealing with is is a di..."

"important thing we didn't talk about that we should have talked about? I think one thing is language. It's like this subtle thing. I sort of mentioned an example where you did it really well where ins..."

"Something I've been really um curious about just in my life generally because in conversation, I'll often I said something yesterday when we were at dinner with with the team here. I said I can't reme..."

"it was in that moment and I mean even things with medical training that I was I was never going to be a heart surgeon but to stand in an operating room and look inside someone's chest and watch a beat..."