
51 segments available
Madhavan Ramanujam is a senior partner at Simon-Kucher, where he works with tier-one tech companies like Uber, Asana, and LinkedIn to help them develop their pricing and monetization strategies. He’s also the author of the most widely read book on pricing strategy, Monetizing Innovation. In today’s podcast, we talk about all the elements that go into your pricing strategy. Madhavan gives real-life examples of having conversations about “willingness to pay,” how segmentation should impact your pricing, and when to start thinking about pricing. He also shares tips on how behavioral pricing impacts your thinking, how to restructure your pricing during a downturn, and much more. — Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-art-and-science-of-pricing-madhavan — Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for supporting this podcast: • Lemon.io—a marketplace of vetted software developers. Get your match within 48h: https://lemon.io/lenny • Mixpanel—product analytics that everyone can trust, use, and afford: https://mixpanel.com/startups • Miro—a collaborative visual platform where your best work comes to life: https://miro.com/lenny — Where to find Madhavan Ramanujam: • Twitter: https://twitter.com/madhavansf • LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/madhavan-ramanujam-1533063/ • Website: https://www.simon-kucher.com/en-us/leadership — Where to find Lenny: • Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com • Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan • LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/ — Referenced: • Monetizing Innovation: https://www.amazon.com/Monetizing-Innovation-Companies-Design-Product/dp/1119240867 • It’s Price Before Product. Period: https://review.firstround.com/its-price-before-product-period • Rahul Vohra on NFX podcast: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JCiMqVC6Dok • Leaders, Killers, and Fillers framework: https://kevinacohn.medium.com/leaders-fillers-and-killers-creating-bundles-that-work-7f4c7329cf53 • Predictably Irrational: https://www.amazon.com/Predictably-Irrational-Revised-Expanded-Decisions/dp/0061353248 • Preorder Unlocking Growth: https://www.amazon.com/Maximize-Profits-Prices-Products-Services/dp/1119633060 • Confessions of the Pricing Man: https://www.amazon.com/Confessions-Pricing-Man-Affects-Everything/dp/B08TZPRKVY • Simon-Kucher books: https://www.simon-kucher.com/en-us/resources/books • Mastering SaaS pricing (Kyle Poyar): https://www.saas-knowledge-base.com/docs/mastering-saas-pricing-from-mvp-to-ipo • 6 Must-Reads on Pricing a Product: https://review.firstround.com/our-6-must-reads-on-pricing-a-product — In this episode, we cover: (00:00) Madhavan’s background (06:29) How Madhavan got into pricing and monetization (08:02 ) Why he wrote Monetizing Innovation (09:43) Why pricing is a cross-functional discipline, but ultimately a function of product (11:27) What “willingness to pay” is, and why founders need to have conversations about it early and often (15:23) How Porsche built their SUV around customer feedback and willingness to pay (18:46) How testing helped a marketplace company avoid building something customers don’t value (23:50) Several methods to use to learn willingness to pay (33:38) When and how the willingness-to-pay conversations happen (37:08) How many customers you should be talking to (38:13) When to revisit pricing (39:20) Segmentation strategies (42:42) Why you need to act differently to your segments that have different needs (44:33) When to think about segmentation (47:49) Examples of segmentation done well (52:24) The importance of dynamic segmentation (53:19) The three pricing strategies: maximizing, penetrating, and skimming (55:49) How to use bundling and packaging to unlock segmentation (59:50) Why how you charge is more important than how much (1:03:30) Subscription vs. usage (1:07:40) Pricing options and structures (1:10:22) How to run tests to see which pricing model works best (1:12:06) Focusing on benefits vs. features (1:16:13) What behavioral pricing is and why it’s important (1:20:54) Tactics for behavioral pricing (1:26:33) Determining pricing thresholds (1:28:23) Tips for pricing in a depressed market (1:32:50) Madhavan’s new book — Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.
Madhavan Ramanujam introduces the concept of pricing, emphasizing that it is not merely a dollar figure but a measure of value. He discusses the importance of understanding customers' willingness to pay early in the product development process to ensure that entrepreneurs are on the right track.
"when we talk about pricing many people quickly gravitate to like dollar figures that's just a price point that's a dollar figure but when we think about price we think about it as a measure like you k..."
In this segment, Lenny introduces Madhavan Ramanujam, a senior partner at Simon-Kucher and author of 'Monetizing Innovation.' Madhavan shares his extensive experience in pricing strategy, having worked with numerous tech companies and emphasizing the importance of actionable insights in pricing.
"pay conversation and entrepreneurs and companies need to do this much earlier so that they can understand you know are they on the right track welcome to Lenny's podcast I'm Lenny and my goal here is ..."
Madhavan recounts his journey into pricing strategy, starting from his time at Stanford. He shares how a pivotal moment during a pitch led him to realize the importance of understanding pricing and monetization, ultimately guiding him to join Simon-Kucher.
"wonderful sponsors this episode is brought to you by lemon.io you've achieved product Market fit you're able to activate engage and retain your customers but you don't have the engineers that you need..."
Madhavan explains the motivation for writing 'Monetizing Innovation,' highlighting the frustration of companies seeking pricing strategies too late in their product development. He emphasizes the need for early conversations about pricing to avoid common pitfalls in monetization.
"less and if you start the process now you can claim a special discount exclusively for Lenny's podcast listeners fifteen percent off your first four weeks of working with your new software developer g..."
In this segment, Madhavan discusses where pricing strategies should reside within an organization. He argues that pricing is a cross-functional discipline that should ideally sit within the product function to ensure alignment with customer needs and value.
"in the world you literally wrote the book on pricing strategy that everyone seems to read and share and talk about and so I'm really honored to have you on this podcast thanks for the nice ones I'm ex..."
Madhavan introduces the concept of 'willingness to pay' as a critical aspect of pricing strategy. He explains that understanding this concept is essential for product-market pricing fit and encourages product teams to engage in these conversations early in the development process.
"impact and that's also why we wrote the book so the way I measure impact for monetizing Innovation is literally there's probably uh you know someone reaching out on a daily basis saying hey I read the..."
Madhavan stresses the importance of having willingness-to-pay conversations early in the product development cycle. He shares insights on how these discussions can inform product design and help avoid costly mistakes later on.
"you talked about the company Simon Kutcher I'll just add that any smart product leader growth person that I talk to they're always talking about how they've worked with you to figure out their pricing..."
In this segment, Madhavan emphasizes the need for continuous testing and learning regarding pricing strategies. He argues that companies should iterate on their pricing models based on customer feedback to maximize their chances of success.
"not just the art and and that's kind of what I've been focusing on you know in the last 15 years and you know also my education in Stanford was in quantitative marketing so many of those let's say the..."
Madhavan provides examples of companies that have successfully engaged in willingness-to-pay conversations early in their product development. He contrasts these with companies that failed to do so, highlighting the importance of timely pricing discussions.
"know commercial perspective simply because entrepreneurs or companies did not do the check earlier on had they done it they could have probably uh you know pivoted the product build things in a differ..."
Madhavan shares the story of how Porsche validated the market for their SUV before even creating a blueprint. This example illustrates the importance of understanding customer needs and willingness to pay before launching a product.
"situation I mean you can set all the pricing you want it's a human having a human conversation so how do you put checks and balance in some of that and my view was you know pricing should sit in finan..."
Madhavan Ramanujam emphasizes the critical need for early conversations about pricing and willingness to pay. He argues that testing and learning should begin as soon as an idea is conceived, rather than waiting until the product is nearly ready for launch. This proactive approach helps refine pricing strategies and ensures a better product-market fit.
"Success it's simply testing and learning everyone in your probably listener based nurse tests and learn we are talking about testing and learning pricing and willingness to pay why wouldn't you do tha..."
Madhavan shares how Porsche successfully launched their SUV by prioritizing customer feedback and willingness to pay. Before finalizing the design, they engaged potential customers to validate the need for an SUV and tested features to ensure they aligned with customer expectations, leading to the successful launch of the Cayenne.
"iterating and learning and sort of refining so there's never too early too late I think is most of the companies this is why we wrote monetizing Innovation like I told you 72 percent of Innovations fa..."
In this segment, Madhavan discusses a tech company's experience with product development. By testing ideas with customers before building, they avoided costly mistakes and ensured that the features they prioritized were genuinely valued by users. This approach highlights the importance of customer validation in product development.
"up with an idea you know they said okay it should be launch an SUV and even before a blueprint was drawn they basically went and checked with the market you know is there a need for an SUV where peopl..."
Madhavan explains the significance of understanding willingness to pay when developing a product roadmap. He stresses that product teams must engage in conversations about pricing early on, using customer insights to prioritize features that drive value and align with what customers are willing to pay.
"did they like it would they pay for it Etc and then they would fine-tune every single thing that goes on right so the Innovation process is very different from the classic you know spray and pray buil..."
Madhavan outlines strategies for conducting effective pricing conversations with customers. He advises against asking direct questions about pricing and instead suggests framing questions in relative terms to elicit more meaningful responses about perceived value and acceptable price points.
"um and the CEO said okay let's go and build a product for the buy side and uh that you know people will buy like so the buy side monetization product strategy so in classic fashion all the product fol..."
In this segment, Madhavan discusses methods for identifying psychological pricing thresholds. By asking customers about acceptable, expensive, and prohibitively expensive prices, companies can uncover valuable insights into customer perceptions and optimize their pricing strategies accordingly.
"product around this like one to give you an example you know one of the features that they were building was called or other the the number one feature that the internal team thought was well you know..."
Madhavan emphasizes the importance of prioritizing product features based on customer willingness to pay. He explains that product teams should focus on the 20% of features that drive 80% of the value, ensuring that their development efforts align with customer needs and preferences.
"but because they actually did this they could prioritize what they were building literally I mean for your product folks the number one lesson and I hope this is the biggest takeaway for your uh audie..."
Madhavan highlights the 80/20 rule in product development, stressing that understanding what drives willingness to pay is crucial. He warns against over-indexing on less valuable features and encourages teams to focus on high-impact elements that resonate with customers.
"product as opposed to like not knowing what drives the willingness to pay and just trying to put everything out there right and and at the worst form often what happens then is this 20 is the easiest ..."
Madhavan discusses the importance of integrating sales and marketing conversations into pricing strategies. He suggests that companies should simulate sales pitches before launching products to gauge customer reactions and refine their pricing based on perceived value.
"okay so let's actually talk about how to have these conversations I imagine that's what a lot of people are wondering right now he's like yes I'm convinced I will have these conversations but then you..."
In this segment, Madhavan introduces the concept of purchase probability questions as a tool for understanding customer intent. By asking customers to rate their likelihood of purchasing a product, companies can better gauge demand and optimize their pricing strategies.
"confronting someone as to like what you should be charging so let me go into like a few methods and and and and I can pass to see if you have any questions so the first one is um you know what we say ..."
Madhavan explains a method for assessing feature value by asking customers to rank a subset of features. This approach allows companies to identify must-have features that drive willingness to pay, streamlining their product development process.
"if they say 110 what they're saying is you can be more premium than that and we would still pay for it at least you've gotten some information that is Meaningful at a very basic level right so this is..."
Madhavan discusses trade-off exercises as a method for understanding customer preferences in pricing scenarios. By presenting customers with different pricing and feature combinations, companies can gain insights into what drives purchasing decisions and optimize their offerings.
"there it's a no-brainer price no friction Etc the expensive price tends to be the price that is value priced as in you know they don't love you they don't hate you they would pay you but you know that..."
Madhavan Ramanujam discusses methods to gauge customer willingness to pay by exploring purchase probabilities and elasticities. He emphasizes the importance of asking customers to rank features, which helps prioritize product development based on what customers truly value. This segment highlights practical techniques for understanding consumer behavior and making informed pricing decisions.
"certain price point then you can you know lower the price and say okay would they actually move their ratings to a four or five so I think these are some simple ways to understand purchase probabiliti..."
In this segment, Madhavan explains advanced methodologies for understanding customer preferences through trade-off exercises. He describes how to simulate real-life buying scenarios to reveal customer decision-making processes. By analyzing how customers react to changes in features and pricing, businesses can better understand price elasticity and refine their pricing strategies.
"few times you would be able to uh you know prioritize the entire feature set in a relative fashion and truly understand what drives willingness to pay the last method which gets into more advanced met..."
Madhavan emphasizes the importance of revisiting pricing strategies at different stages of a product's lifecycle. He suggests that early-stage founders should start with basic willingness-to-pay questions and evolve their approach as they gather more data. This segment provides insights into how to adapt pricing strategies based on market dynamics and customer feedback.
"and different methods are actually applicable at different stages of a product and different stages of a company you know if you're very early stage let's say just an idea just have the conversation I..."
Madhavan shares how to effectively conduct pricing conversations with customers, whether in early-stage startups or established companies. He discusses the importance of cross-functional teams in these discussions and how to gather meaningful feedback on pricing and product-market fit. This segment highlights the logistical aspects of engaging customers in pricing strategy discussions.
"answer but there's so many methods it's all summarizing chapter four so just one chapter to read in the book that was perfect thank you amazing you mentioned that you want to ask why a lot and that's ..."
In this segment, Madhavan explains why understanding willingness to pay is crucial for product development and pricing strategies. He discusses how to gauge customer interest and value perception, emphasizing that these insights should inform product messaging and development. This segment underscores the significance of aligning product offerings with customer needs and pricing expectations.
"one-on-one as in with the company it could be multiple decision makers increasingly in B2B SAS for instance it's not just one person deciding on a software budget it's like a team so it's usually done..."
Madhavan delves into the importance of segmentation in pricing strategies, arguing that effective segmentation goes beyond demographics. He illustrates how understanding customer needs and willingness to pay can lead to better product positioning and pricing. This segment provides a framework for creating meaningful segmentation strategies that cater to diverse customer needs.
"know eye trading or refining things then you can bring this into other pieces of the conversation and and gets more smarter before you launch the product do you have a rule of thumb of how many people..."
In this segment, Madhavan discusses the necessity of acting differently based on customer segments. He explains that successful segmentation requires tailored approaches in product development, marketing, and sales strategies. This segment emphasizes the importance of understanding customer heterogeneity and how to effectively address varying needs within different market segments.
"of Ballpark and often in these conversations after a point you start hearing stuff repeatedly I mean if 20 people tell you the idea is horrible it is horrible you can tested all you want right I mean ..."
Madhavan advises early-stage founders on the importance of considering segmentation from the outset. He argues that understanding which customer segments are willing to pay for a product can guide resource allocation and product development priorities. This segment highlights the critical role of segmentation in shaping a startup's strategy and ensuring product-market fit.
"we check it probably 10 of them actually have a meaningful segmentation strategy right what I mean by this is most people think of segmentation as a demographic or Persona exercise or you know how do ..."
Madhavan Ramanujam emphasizes the importance of market segmentation for early-stage founders. He explains how identifying different customer segments and their willingness to pay can guide product development and marketing strategies. By understanding these segments from the beginning, startups can prioritize their resources effectively and tailor their messaging to resonate with specific audiences.
"for any my product is something else for for the others and the key here is to understand there is a significant let's say a total available Market or size of the market where the needs are similar an..."
In this segment, Madhavan shares compelling examples of successful market segmentation, including Apple's diverse iPhone offerings and Eventbrite's tailored plans for different customer needs. He illustrates how these companies effectively productize their offerings to meet the varying demands of their segments, showcasing the significance of understanding customer value and willingness to pay.
"today's episode is brought to you by Miro creating a product especially one that your users can't live without is damn hard but it's made easier by working closely with your colleagues to capture idea..."
Madhavan discusses the concept of dynamic segmentation, highlighting how customer needs can change over time. He uses Uber as an example, explaining how different ride options cater to various customer segments based on their immediate needs. This approach allows companies to adapt their offerings and maximize customer satisfaction by recognizing that consumers may belong to different segments at different times.
"gets actually fascinating so I think that's a great example of understanding differentiation and then sort of uh you know productize to different needs and I think that's that's a good example another..."
This segment focuses on the strategic importance of bundling and packaging in pricing. Madhavan introduces the 'Leaders, Fillers, and Killers' framework, explaining how to configure products based on customer needs and willingness to pay. He illustrates how effective bundling can enhance perceived value and drive sales, while also cautioning against including 'killer' products that may detract from the overall appeal.
"becomes key so the topic that we have been focused with many companies to nowadays is not just doing a static view or segmentation but truly understanding Dynamic segmentation and how to offer product..."
Madhavan highlights a critical distinction in pricing strategy: the importance of the pricing model over the price itself. He argues that how a company charges can significantly impact customer perception and sales. Using examples from various industries, he illustrates why businesses should focus on developing effective pricing models that align with customer expectations and behaviors.
"the way the quick framework to think about packaging bundling you know we call it the leaders fillers and Killers exercise or framework so if you think about the classic let's say bundle you know like..."
In this segment, Madhavan highlights the critical distinction between how much to charge and how to charge. He uses Michelin's innovative pricing model based on mileage to illustrate how changing the monetization strategy can lead to greater customer satisfaction and business success. Madhavan emphasizes that the method of charging can significantly impact customer perception and willingness to pay.
"talk a lot about that people think too much about how much to charge and not enough about how to actually charge the pricing model so can you just talk about maybe what that is and why people maybe do..."
Madhavan explores the trend towards usage-based pricing models in B2B SaaS companies. He discusses the factors that determine whether a subscription or usage-based model is more appropriate, emphasizing the need to understand customer behavior and preferences. This segment provides insights into how companies can structure their pricing to align with customer expectations and market demands.
"another SAS example that is probably top of mind for me is B2B sas's segment this was before they went uh it to twilio they used to price based on apis so like the number of apis that you actually hav..."
Madhavan shares strategies for testing different pricing models, including break-even exercises to determine customer preferences. He explains how to approach pricing decisions by understanding the economic implications of various models. This segment is essential for businesses looking to refine their pricing strategies based on customer feedback and market conditions.
"uh not uh please note that don't mix transferency and fairness with being predictable those are very different things transparency and fairness just means that you charge for the product right for ins..."
In this segment, Madhavan emphasizes the importance of communicating benefits rather than features when pitching products. He provides examples of companies that successfully shifted their messaging to focus on customer value, resulting in increased revenue. This discussion highlights the need for businesses to align their product communication with customer needs and perceptions.
"awesome and maybe one more example say marketplaces basically if you're taking a fee in almost every case and it's a question of how much you take and then there's maybe a subscription piece on top of..."
Madhavan Ramanujam emphasizes the importance of communicating benefits rather than features in product pricing. He illustrates this with the example of SmugMug, which shifted its pricing strategy to focus on the benefits of selling photos online, resulting in a significant revenue increase. This segment highlights how understanding customer value is crucial for effective pricing strategies.
"one is going to get it right so if you are super excited about the product and passionate about every single thing that the product is doing most likely you're talking features and not benefits becaus..."
Madhavan discusses Porsche's approach to value communication, particularly with the launch of the Taycan electric car. He explains how Porsche positioned the Taycan not as the most affordable electric vehicle but as a true Porsche, resonating with their target audience. This segment showcases the significance of aligning product messaging with brand identity.
"someone is interested in so like what it was was what they actually did so if you don't see in a fraction that that could be a marker coming back to your question or it could it could just be that if ..."
In this segment, Madhavan highlights Shopify's effective pricing strategy that emphasizes benefits over features. He points out how Shopify communicates the advantages of their plans, such as inventory tracking capabilities, making it clear to customers what they gain. This approach serves as a model for companies looking to refine their pricing strategies.
"audience taking a maybe SAS example Shopify is one of my favorites in terms of like looking at the plants in terms of their benefit like what do they actually put out all of the plans emphasize benefi..."
Madhavan introduces the concept of behavioral pricing, which taps into the irrational aspects of consumer decision-making. He explains how understanding these psychological factors can help businesses frame their pricing strategies more effectively. This segment delves into the importance of appealing to both rational and emotional sides of customers.
"listeners can go maybe it's a takeaway folks should probably look at their website browse through their pages and just look or am I pitching features or am I pitching benefits to the reader correct aw..."
Madhavan discusses the compromise effect in pricing strategies, illustrating how reframing product options can lead to increased sales. He shares an example of a company that adjusted its pricing tiers to create a more attractive middle option, resulting in a significant boost in monthly recurring revenue. This segment highlights the power of strategic pricing adjustments.
"positioning or framing the product conversation in such a way that appeals to both sides of the brain the you know predictably irrational was a great book from then I really made I mean that made the ..."
In this segment, Madhavan explains the 'Panini Effect,' a psychological phenomenon where consumers are compelled to complete a set or puzzle. He shares how companies can leverage this effect to encourage customers to purchase multiple products by presenting them as part of a cohesive offering. This insight is valuable for enhancing product bundling strategies.
"product right I mean so let's just reframing the conversation and it was a 30 plus percent increase in you know mrr and arpu right after they actually did this change no changes in products no changes..."
Madhavan elaborates on psychological pricing thresholds and how they influence consumer behavior. He discusses common price points that resonate with customers, such as $29.99 being perceived as a dollar a day. This segment emphasizes the need for businesses to test and understand their unique pricing thresholds to optimize their strategies.
"to the table so we have talked about many behavioral pricing strategies in the book dedicated an entire chapter to this did you actually share a few of them just like some of these tactics that you fi..."
Madhavan offers practical advice for founders on adjusting pricing strategies during economic downturns. He suggests creating a lower-cost alternative to retain customers who may be struggling financially, emphasizing the importance of maintaining value while avoiding deep discounts. This segment provides actionable insights for navigating challenging market conditions.
"today kind of effect I think that that kind of makes sense on a product side if you're what you're building is products and consumables then things like the razor Razer Blade model actually makes a lo..."
Madhavan explores the potential of changing business models and pricing strategies during economic downturns. He highlights the benefits of usage-based pricing and shares a real-world example of a software company that adapted its pricing model during the pandemic to better align with customer needs.
"usually say which is in line with not dropping the price is to think about three non-pricing actions that you can do when you know uh when this actually happens like for instance do I give more produc..."
Madhavan introduces his upcoming book, 'Unlocking Growth,' which focuses on strategies for customer acquisition, monetization, and retention. He discusses the importance of understanding the interactions between these functions to achieve profitable growth and how this book builds on the concepts from 'Monetizing Innovation.'
"like trying to do that when the times are good and people are saying oh I actually want fake star I want you know I don't want the usage and things like this you actually just took that as an opportun..."
Madhavan shares valuable resources for those interested in pricing strategies, including books by Herman Simon and insights from industry experts. He emphasizes the importance of continuous learning in the field of pricing and encourages listeners to explore various materials to deepen their understanding.
"fit with this audience is this something anyone can pre-order yet sign up to get notified when it's out I think the pre-order probably is still open in Amazon so I think that's something you can check..."
In closing, Madhavan reflects on the importance of educating others about the science of pricing. He encourages listeners to share their insights and experiences, reinforcing that pricing is not just an art but a discipline grounded in research and strategy.
"would highly encourage you to check Kyle's work I think that's fascinating and I also feel the folks at first round are pretty good at putting some good content on pricing product Etc amazing we will ..."