"the following is a conversation with Daphne Koller a professor of computer science at Stanford University a co-founder of Coursera with Andrew Eng and founder and CEO of in seat row a company at the i..."

"so you co-founded Coursera I made a huge impact in the global education of AI and after five years in August 2016 wrote a blog post saying that you're stepping away and wrote quote it's time for me to..."

"time and I don't like to make predictions of the type we will never be able to do X because I think that's a you know that's the smacks of hubris it seems that never and in in in the entire eternity o..."

"or to the 80 I think Alzheimer's is probably closer to zero than to 80 there are hypotheses but I don't think those hypotheses have as of yet been sufficiently validated that we believe them to be tru..."

"where we're at okay it is a little unfortunate that would get older and it seems that there's some correlation with the fact the the occurrence of diseases or the fact that we'll get all there mm-hmm ..."

"goal and anyway in a grand time the age of the universe it's all pretty short so from the perspective you've done obviously a lot of incredible work on machine learning so what role do you think data ..."

"learning in my opinion can only be really successfully applied especially the more powerful models if you give it data that is of sufficient scale and sufficient quality so how do you create those dat..."

"had an autoimmune disease that settled in his lungs and the doctors basis it well there was only one thing we could do which is give him prednisone at some point I remember doctor even came and said h..."

"sure so an animal models for disease is where you create effectively its what it sounds like it's it's a oftentimes a mouse where we have introduced some external perturbation that creates the disease..."

"just because the findings that we had in the mouse don't translate to a human the disease in the dish bottles is a fairly new approach it's been enabled by technologies that have not existed for more ..."

"maybe that will help also the more global clinical phenotypes that's really what we're hoping to do that step that backward step I was reading about it the Yamanaka factor yes so think that the revers..."

"huge challenge or or not so the reverse the reversal is not as of this point something that can be done at the scale of tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands I think total number of stem cells or..."

"because you also want to capture ethnic background and how that affects things but maybe you don't need one from every single patient with every single type of disease because we have other tools at o..."

"so there's definitely a lot that our genetics contributes to disease risk even if it's not by any stretch the full explanation and from the machine learning perspective their signal there there is def..."

"think there's different ways in which this data could potentially be used some people use it for scientific discovery and say oh look we see this phenotype at the cellular level so let's try and work ..."

"and might give rise to things that are not the same things that everyone else is already looking at that's uh I don't know I'm just like to psychoanalyze my own feeling about our discussion currently ..."

"certainly all of our machine learning people are outstanding and could go get a job you know selling ads online or doing commerce or even self-driving cars yes but but I think they would want they the..."

"think that it's really smart bioengineers out there are developing better and better systems all the time so the diseases that might not be tractable today might be tractable in three years so for ins..."

"and this conversation would seem almost outdated with a kind of scale that could be achieved in like three years that would be so cool the you've co-founded Coursera with injurying and were part of th..."

"I think the origin story of MOOCs emanates from a number of efforts that occurred at Stanford University around you know the late 2000s where different individuals within Stanford myself included were..."

"is probably so anyway we so those courses launched in in the fall of 2011 and there were within a matter of weeks with no real publicity campaign just a New York Times article that went viral about a ..."

"with short video modules and over time we made them shorter because we realized that 15 minutes was still too long if you want to fit in when you're waiting in line for your kids doctor's appointment ..."

"important we learned that engagement during the content is important and the quicker you give people feedback the more likely they are to be engaged hence the introduction of these which we actually w..."

"exciting but so the shortness the compression I mean that's actually so that that probably is true for all you know good editing is always just compressing the content making it shorter so that puts a..."

"what MOOCs do is that they give you these chunks of content and then ask you to practice with it and that's where I think some of the newer pedagogy that people are adopting and face-to-face teaching ..."

"require a heck of a lot more preparation and so it's one of the challenges I think that people have that we had when trying to convince instructors to teach on Coursera and it's part of the challenges..."

"in the same way that you know recorded music has not replaced live concerts but I do think that especially when you are thinking about continuing education the stuff that people get when they're tradi..."

"briefly I know it might be a difficult question to ask but there's a lot of people fascinated by artificial intelligence by machine learning but deep learning is there a recommendation for the next ye..."

"actually start solving problems try and find someone to solve them with because especially at the beginning is useful to have someone to bounce ideas off and fix mistakes that you make and and you can..."

"or interesting perhaps not just deep learning but AI in general statistics good answer with two things one would be the foundational concept of end to end training which is that you start from the raw..."

"so end to end and transfer learning yeah is it surprising to you that neural networks are able to in many cases do these things it says it may be taking back to when you when you first would dive deep..."

"get to a meaningful answer and I think it was true at the time what I think is is still a question is will a completely knowledge free approach where there's no prior knowledge going into the construc..."

"with the universal learning machine I don't know I wonder if there's always has to be some insight injected somewhere or whether it can converge so you've done a lot of interesting work with probabili..."

"when you think for instance about medical diagnosis as being maybe an epitome of how problematic this can be if you were training your network on a certain set of patients on a certain patient populat..."

"that includes the you know medical applications but it also includes you know automated driving because you'd want the network to be able to you know what I have no idea what this blob is that I'm see..."

"little bit and then talk about well what controls does one need when protecting when thinking about protections and the AI space so you know I think AGI obviously is a long-standing dream that even ou..."

"of AGI I think that it seems to me a little early today to figure out protections against a human level or superhuman level intelligence who's where we don't even see the skeleton of what that would l..."

"them and we should and I think it's really important that people are thinking about ways in which we can have better interpret ability of systems better tests for for instance measuring the extent to ..."

"technology yeah and on the case of machine learning is at the stereo machine learning so all the kinds of attacks like security almost threats and there's a social engineering with machine learning al..."

"think you're amazing it's fun to ask a world-class computer scientist and engineer a ridiculously philosophical question like what is the meaning of life let me ask what gives your life meaning what a..."