"there's no reason to think that the ocean ends just beyond your Horizon and likewise there's no reason to think that the aftermath of our big bang um ends just at the boundary of what we can see indee..."

"the 21st century so when you see all those lights out there you immediately imagine all the planetary worlds that are around them and they potentially have all kinds of different lives living organism..."

"phrase Theory of Everything is very misleading because it's used to describe a theory which unifies the um three laws of microphysics electrity magnetism and the weak interaction with gravity so it's ..."

"reductionists have a very misleading perception they tend to think that um in a sense we're all solutions of thring equation Etc um but that isn't the way we'll ever understand anything uh it may be t..."

"have that um and that's true in a sense but it's not true that it's like a building in that it's made unstable by an unstable base because if you're chemist biologist or Economist you're facing challe..."

"geometry um may be too hard for a human being to work through but could be worked through by an AI um with the advantage of the huge processing power which enables them to learn World Championship che..."

"yeah it's interesting that the idea that there could be things a computer could tell us that is true and maybe you can even help us understand why it's true a little bit y But ultimately it's still a ..."

"mechanical simulation of electrons they're doing uh control of uh high temperature plasma Fusion reactors yes that's a new thing which is very interesting they can suppress the instabilities in these ..."

"see what happens but um I can't crash together to galaxies or two stars and see what happens but in the virtal world of a computer one can do simulations like that and the power of computers is such t..."

"yes yeah well let me actually just stroll around the the beautiful and the strange of the universe uh over 20 years ago you hypothesized that we would solve the mystery of dark matter by now so unfort..."

"is about five times as much stuff producing gravitational forces than the total amount of stuff in the gas and stars that we see and that stuff is called Dark Matter um that's his leading name it's no..."

"for instance it works better if we think they're non- interacting particles than if you think they're a gas which would have shock waves and things so we know something about the properties of these b..."

"possible particles which could be out there as remnants of the Big Bang but which we wouldn't be able to te so easily so um the fact that we've got new constraints on what the Dark Matter could be doe..."

"Universe has evolved um from the time when was expanding in just a nanc well up to the present and we could do that because after nanc the physics of the material is in the same range that we can test..."

"Galaxy to form being fairly smooth but not completely smooth and the answer to those questions are generally believed to lie in a much much earlier stage of the universe when conditions were much more..."

"and it's not surprising that since it's so far from our experimental range of detectability uh we are still groping for ideas but you think first Theory will reach into that place and then experiment ..."

"standard model of particle physics where there lots of undetermined numbers so it may help with that so we're dancing between physics and philosophy a little bit but what do you think what do you thin..."

"even further away from everyday world than quantum theory is and remember our lives our brains evolved um and haven't changed much since an Our Ancestors roam the African Savannah and looked at the ev..."

"some foothold on from some new Theory um but even then um we won't be able to directly test the theories but I think um it's a heresy to think you have to be able to test every prediction of a theory ..."

"direction where the truth lies yeah if the theory is gained confidence in other ways yes what do you sense do you think there's other universes besides our own those are sort of well- defined theories..."

"because we can see out with our telescopes to a sort of horizon which is about depending on how you measure it maybe 15 billion light years away or something like that but that Horizon of our observat..."

"is that if we look as far as we can in One Direction and in the opposite direction then the conditions don't differ by more than one pass in 100 thousand so that means that if we're part of some finit..."

"the transition between complex chemistry and the first um replicating metabolizing entity we call alive yes that's a mystery um and uh serious physicists are now and chemists are now thinking about it..."

"that's why it's such an exciting time now that we are starting to be able to address these I mean I mentioned the uh the fact that the origin of life is a question that we may be able to understand um..."

"do a pretty good job of estimating size all those kinds of things size and the size and the mass you can estimate um but uh um but detecting the the actual light from one of these EXO planets hasn't r..."

"there's another way in which this may happen in the next 20 years people think there could be something swimming under the ice of Europa and Enceladus and probes are being sent to maybe not quite go u..."

"would be especially it's always the Skeptics that ruin a good party but but we need them of course we need them at the party we need some Skeptics at the party um but boy would that be so exciting to ..."

"you've mentioned that they're likely not to be of biological nature well I think that's important of course again it's a speculation but uh uh in speculating about um intelligent life and I I take the..."

"technological civilization which uh um could make itself detectable um to any alien live aliens out there um but I think most people would say that this civilization of Flesh and Blood creatures in th..."

"daunted by Interstellar travel taking a long time and so um uh if if we looked at what would happen on the earth in the next millions of years then there may be these electronic entities which have be..."

"well maybe Evolution requires competition not aggression and I wonder if competition can take forms that are non- expansionary so you can still have fun competing yeah in the space of ideas which mayb..."

"um but there is an interesting question actually which comes up when I've sometimes spoken to audiences about this topic but the question of Consciousness and self-awareness because you going back to ..."

"to realize that self-awareness may not be the highest form of being that humans have a very strong ego and a very strong sense of identity like personal identity connected to this particular brain yea..."

"harsh description of Z like a philosophical zombie zombie that could be just a very different way to experience uh and you know in terms of the explorers that colonized Mars I um I mean there there's ..."

"that as we get clever and clever with the ways we can destroy ourselves Earth is going to become less and less safe um so in that sense this is one of the things you know people talk about climate cha..."

"uh try to become cyborgs yeah no I agree with that I think the only different point I'd make is that um this is going to be very expensive if it's done in a risk averse way and that's why I think we s..."

"history no no I agree I think the people whove made the greatest are people who've really been Mega benefactors I mean I think you know some of them some of them yeah yes some of them but but but thos..."

"to do this much cheaper much faster it could have to be do with risk aversion you're right but I I think it's it's it's the um it's that it's that he had all the um the whole assembly within this one ..."

"practical use of space to have these cheaper rockets that are far more completely reusable than any was NASA had so I think mosks are a tremendous service to the space exploration and the h space tech..."

"public to send people when you say straight out that they may never come back um but uh of course the Apollo Astronauts they took a high risk and in fact in in my um previous book I I quote the speech..."

"some percentage of people that are they take on the risk for the adventure so and I I particularly love that that risk of Adventure when taking on inspires people and just the ripple effect it has acr..."

"because no one thinks you could send humans that far um and but I would apply the same argument to to Mars and if you want to assemble big structures like um for instance radio astronomers would like ..."

"ever made yes yes I agree one of the great space movies ever made yes so well let me ask you a philosophical question since we're talking about robots exploring space do you think H 9000 is good or ba..."

"that and if the people who are now working in mind-numbing jobs in Amazon warehouses or in telephone call centers are automated but those same people are given jobs where being a human is an asset um ..."

"lifestyle um and that indeed is a worry because some things are changing so fast um but I think um I'd like to inject a note of caution um if you think of the way uh progress in one technology goes um..."

"bad for society right that's a that's a difficult that's a difficult thing we're always contending with when we look at social networks it's not obvious even though they make a tremendous amount of mo..."

"cosmos because of course well if we think about astronomy um then until about 1850 um U astronomy was a matter of um um uh the positions of how the stars and the planets moved around Etc of course tha..."

"exist um as the remnants of stars or big ones in the centers of galaxies and we we understand uh what's the what's going on we have ideas vaguely on how how they form and of course uh gravitation wave..."

"actually very standardized objects it's amazing that objects as standardized as that um can be so big and can lur in the vessel solar system and so that's the situation for a ready formed black ho but..."

"inside a star a star that lived and died more than 5 billion years ago before Asos formed and so we each have inside us atoms made in thousands of different stars all over the Milky Way and that's an ..."

"true because the um uh bigger stars um when they collapse they leave something behind in the center which is too big to be a stable by two or four neutron star becomes a black hole and we know that th..."

"think we do understand basically what's going on how how were quers discovered well they were discovered when astronomers found things that looked like stars and that they were small enough to be a po..."

"one of these big big boys well black holes most Galaxies have big black holes they vary in size the one in our galactic center do we know much about ours we do yes we um we know um it weighs about as ..."

"then planets orbiting likely it seems like planets orbiting almost every one of those stars and just this beautiful Universe of ours what happens when galaxies Collide when these two big black holes C..."

"civilization with a Lego leg detector will be able to detect yes well in fact well but we can detect these with um they lower frequencies than the ways that have been detected by ligo so there's a spa..."

"well I think on the cosmological time scale because it won't be humans because something even Evolutions go no faster than darwinian and I would argue it will be faster than darwinian in the future uh..."

"but there's another thing that worries me perhaps more than many people seem to worry and that's the uh threat of misuse of technology and so this is particularly because um Technologies Empower even ..."

"from from computers but but also huge downsides as well and one of the things this war in Ukraine has shown of the most terrifying things outside of the humanitarian crisis is that at least for me I r..."

"and of course you're quite right that this could happen very quickly um because of uh um information coming in and there's a there's hardly enough time for human um collected and careful thought and t..."

"event can Cascade globally in a way it never could in the past and much faster yeah it's a double Ed sword because the inter interconnectedness brings um um brings a higher quality of life across a lo..."

"efficiency boy the the fact that co9 a pandemic that could have been a lot a lot worse brought the world to its knees anyway it could be far worse in terms of its fatality rate or something fality rat..."

"all the governments say they should be prohibited and so my my line on this is that uh all nations are going to face a big trade-off between three things we value um Freedom security and privacy and I..."

"especially if the population grows because for instance um they can't develop like Eastern tigers by Cheap manufacturing because robots are taking that over uh so that they were naturally feel embitte..."

"Middle Ages it's true that as Pinker says the average person was uh in a more miserable State than they are today on average um for all the reasons he quantifies that's that's fine um but in the Middl..."

"harder to get a a sort of moderate consensus because in the old days when people got their news filtered through responsible journalists in this country the BBC and they made newspapers Etc and they w..."

"on the other I think guilt and shame are good motives to make you behave better in the future okay so that's my my experience in the political perspective certainly certainly is the case but it does m..."

"specially interested but um I think going back to the um the politics um the other problem is uh getting people who have short-term concerns to care about the long term by the long term I now mean jus..."

"have to do is to um um uh enlist charismatic individuals to convert the public because if the if the politicians know the public care about something climate change as an example um then then uh they ..."

"have deep respect for them they have except David Andor uh David Andor is really I mean everybody loves him I mean I can't say but the you know with Bill Gates and Greta there's that that also has cre..."

"difference those are the ones that um not deride they they Inspire the populace to think long term the JFK we do we go to the moon in this decade not because it's easy but because it is hard there's n..."

"all losers because the quality of people who choose that uh path is um is is really dropping and as we see by the quality of those who are in these composition that said I think uh the Silver Lining t..."

"believe that but also to add to your list of four he doesn't get enough credit I've been defending him in this conversation Elon Musk in terms of the fight in climate change uh but he also has led to ..."

"proud of yes well I'd be very diffident really um about offering any any wisdom but uh I think I think they they should they should realize that um um the choices they make at that time are um importa..."

"things are happening fast um and uh be prepared to be flexible that's what what I'd say really keep your eyes open for the opportunity throughout like you said go to a new field go to a field where ne..."

"emphasis on uh living much longer than these So-Cal alos Laboratories um which have been set up by billionaires um there's one in San Francisco one in uh La Hoya I think and one in Cambridge and uh th..."