
35 segments available
with Andy Milenius (@realzandy), Jesse Walden (@jessewldn), and Sonal Chokshi (@smc90) The history, evolution, and use of money revolves around the important concept of debt: It’s what allows us to “time travel” and build toward the future — growing livelihoods, businesses, and the overall economy as a result. When it comes to crypto, however, this concept plays a key role as a way to potentially stabilize the volatility of cryptocurrencies, and more importantly, provide a more stable medium of exchange so key applications can be built on top of blockchains. That’s where stablecoins (cryptocurrencies pegged to a more stable asset, such as fiat dollars) come in. Because they’re deployed on top of blockchains, they retain the advantages of cryptocurrencies — digital, global, easily transferable, decentralized. And because open source networks are more transparent and auditable, these systems are far less opaque than, say, the huge house of cards that collapsed in the case of the 2008 financial crisis. But beyond bringing more people into a better financial system, why do stablecoins like Dai — and Maker, one of the oldest decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) on the Ethereum blockchain — matter to the crypto developer community? To banks? To anyone who thinks about the future of innovation… or even the future of the firm, and the future of work? How do (and don’t) DAOs and these kinds of smart contracts change everything we know about management and software development? This episode of the a16z Podcast explores the answers to these questions and more, with Maker CTO Andy Milenius in conversation with Sonal Chokshi and a16z crypto partner Jesse Walden. Here are just two quotes from our jam session: Blockchains are an "open-access, permissionless, choose-your-own adventure story"; and smart contracts are an mp3-like "compression format" for scaling trust. Let the music begin! --- Please note that the a16z crypto fund is a separate legal entity managed by CNK Capital Management, L.L.C. (“CNK”), a registered investor advisor with the Securities and Exchange Commission. a16z crypto is legally independent and operationally separate from the Andreessen Horowitz family of fund and AH Capital Management, L.L.C. (“AHCM”). In any case, the content provided here is for informational purposes only, and does NOT constitute an offer or solicitation to purchase any investment solution or a recommendation to buy or sell a security; nor it is to be taken as legal, business, investment, or tax advice. In fact, none of the information in this or other content on a16zcrypto.com should be relied on in any manner as advice. You should consult your own advisers as to legal, business, tax and other related matters concerning any investment. Furthermore, the content is not directed to any investor or potential investor, and may not be used or relied upon in evaluating the merits of any investment and must not be taken as a basis for any investment decision. No investment in any fund advised by CNK or AHCM may be made prior to receipt of definitive offering documentation and due diligence materials. Finally, views expressed are those of the individual a16z crypto personnel quoted therein and are not the views of CNK, AHCM, or their respective affiliates.
In this segment, Sonal introduces the podcast episode focused on stablecoins, featuring Andy Milenius, the CTO of Maker, and Jesse Walden, a partner at a16z crypto. The discussion will explore the significance of stablecoins, particularly Dai, in the cryptocurrency landscape.
"hi everyone welcome to day 6 and Z podcast I am sonal today's episode is all about stable coins what are they why do they matter so our special guest is Andy millenias CTO of maker which is one of the..."
Andy Milenius discusses the historical context of money, emphasizing the role of debt in economic growth. He explains how debt allows individuals to access future value today, likening it to a time machine that facilitates economic activity and innovation.
"maker which is one of the oldest and longest standing projects on the etherium blockchain they are the makers of the stable coin dye which is a cryptocurrency that tries to remain stable in terms of v..."
Continuing the discussion on debt, Andy shares insights on how debt can drive economic growth and innovation. He uses the example of a baker wanting to open a restaurant, illustrating how debt can enable individuals to create future value and contribute to the economy.
"discussion covers the trend of stable coins in general as well as how it fits into the broader landscape and evolution of crypto we also discussed the super interesting challenges in designing this ki..."
Andy transitions the conversation to the era of digital money, highlighting Bitcoin's role in this evolution. He discusses the limitations of Bitcoin as a currency and introduces the concept of stablecoins as a necessary evolution for effective digital transactions.
"sounds familiar right does sound like budget and so like historically the way that people have used money in the past is that if I have assets and I can issue like I owe use against them those IOUs ca..."
In this segment, Andy clarifies the distinction between currency and money. He explains that while currency units can be created, their acceptance as money relies on collective understanding, emphasizing Maker's role in issuing currency units as debt against assets.
"it's shared amongst all of our collective understanding and so by creating this virtual space where we all understand what will happen in the future we can sort of leverage that today create money and..."
Andy discusses the significance of stablecoins in the broader cryptocurrency ecosystem. He emphasizes that stablecoins are essential for developers and businesses to create a stable medium of exchange, which is crucial for the success of blockchain applications.
"with you yeah where are we now by the way money has this big historical tradition of being at times issued as gold and then at times issued as debt against assets and there's a huge historical traditi..."
The conversation shifts to the developer-centric nature of the cryptocurrency industry. Andy shares his personal journey into Ethereum and how recognizing the need for a stable medium of exchange motivated many developers to contribute to Maker.
"money are actually different there's a subtle distinction right currency or units these are the things that we can or can't use as money as we want to but money is much more like a symbol it's a colle..."
Sonal and Andy discuss the speculative nature of the cryptocurrency market and the challenges faced by new developers. They highlight the importance of focusing on foundational problems rather than immediate consumer appeal.
"technology people adopt it somewhat superficially before they truly build actual value around that I always think of that one company's blockchain video where it's like a tomato on the blockchain it's..."
Sonal asks why stablecoins should matter to non-developers. Andy explains that stablecoins have broader implications for online payments and e-commerce, particularly in developing economies where traditional financial systems may not be accessible.
"there's so much sort of like underlying value that we could build up and access here it was like this wild space yeah there's like wild untamed space that had tons and tons of potential but had not be..."
Andy provides concrete examples of how stablecoins can facilitate trade finance and connect marginalized economic players to the global market. He emphasizes the potential of blockchain technology to recognize and include informal economies.
"actually developers that are some of our strongest most ardent contributors to this day had a similar sort of story of getting into aetherium thinking about what are the underlying fund a tional probl..."
In this segment, the discussion revolves around the potential of blockchain technology to unlock wealth in the informal economy. The speakers highlight how many individuals are disconnected from the global financial system, and how blockchain can create shared realities that recognize existing assets and property. They emphasize the importance of stablecoins in providing access to financial stability for those traditionally excluded from financial services.
"the entire world it feels like everybody is online right now but it's just a question of what are they doing online right like a lot of times they're gossiping and talking to their friends and stuff l..."
The conversation shifts to the concept of trade finance and its significance in connecting small producers, like coffee growers and fishermen, to the global supply chain. The speakers explain how stablecoins can provide these individuals with access to debt, allowing them to solve cash flow problems and participate more fully in the economy. This segment illustrates the transformative potential of stablecoins in empowering those at the periphery of the economic system.
"will be incredibly useful in allowing people to have like open access to stability you know because that's something that's sort of everybody is entitled to I think yeah give me a concrete example tho..."
This segment discusses how stablecoins, particularly Dai, serve as a bridge for users transitioning from traditional finance to blockchain technology. The speakers use the analogy of a chairlift to describe how stablecoins can ease users into the blockchain ecosystem, making it more accessible and user-friendly. They highlight the importance of stablecoins in improving user experiences across various applications, thus fostering broader adoption.
"in the center I think that's really interesting because that sounds a lot like the original Bitcoin vision it's the vision of all cryptocurrencies there permissionless they move across borders like em..."
The focus here is on the necessity for decentralized applications (dApps) to provide a user experience comparable to traditional web services. The speakers argue that the stability offered by stablecoins is crucial for scaling dApps and attracting mainstream users. They discuss how stablecoins can act as a bridge between early adopters and the broader market, facilitating the transition to decentralized finance.
"blockchain one of the analogies that I've heard that I found really just stuck with me is that it's a bit like a chairlift you know where you start here and then there's this rough terrain that you go..."
In this segment, the speakers explore the evolving role of banks in the context of blockchain and stablecoins. They suggest that banks can enhance their services by leveraging blockchain technology, allowing for more efficient operations. The conversation emphasizes that while banks will continue to play a vital role in the financial ecosystem, stablecoins and decentralized finance offer new opportunities for innovation and efficiency.
"up so basically it's sort of like this port between kind of the early adopters and the late adopters to help mainstream it maybe not report maybe even a wormhole however you want to think about it we'..."
The discussion highlights the emergence of a non-jurisdictional financial space enabled by blockchain technology. The speakers argue that this new landscape allows various financial entities to operate as transnational actors, breaking down traditional barriers. They emphasize the potential for blockchain to create a more interconnected global economy, where diverse financial players can collaborate and innovate.
"the whole process of providing for the strength of the nation I think that banks will continue to do that and maker basically has no dog in that fight because we don't exist in any single country and ..."
This segment delves into the mechanics of Dai and the role of smart contracts in the Maker ecosystem. The speakers explain how smart contracts function as autonomous programs on the blockchain, enabling users to lock up their assets and issue Dai. They clarify the process of borrowing against locked assets and the importance of collateral in maintaining the stability of Dai.
"well that bank has a dog in the fight so we can't trust me if they try doing the same thing kind of thing so let's actually now talk about how it works and what concretely we're talking about here bec..."
The conversation concludes with a discussion on the flywheel effect of stability in the Maker ecosystem. The speakers explain how the adoption of Dai improves user experiences, leading to increased tokenization of assets and further stability. They highlight the network effects that drive the growth of stablecoins and their significance in the broader cryptocurrency landscape.
"outstanding you know it should sound really familiar because it works in a very familiar traditional sort of storied way can we lock up real-world assets into this the promise was always was that many..."
This segment contrasts the transparency of blockchain networks with the opacity that led to the 2008 financial crisis. Milenius highlights how the open-source nature of Maker and its governance structure allows for real-time visibility into actions taken within the system, reducing the risk of catastrophic failures seen in traditional finance.
"and more adoption I love that because we talk a lot network effects on this podcast I think any software business cares about network effects software has that sort of unprecedented scale just for the..."
Milenius explains the governance structure of Maker, focusing on the role of MKR token holders in making critical decisions about collateral assets and stability fees. He emphasizes the importance of stakeholder democracy in maintaining the health of the system and ensuring that the interests of all participants are aligned.
"one of my favorite things about blockchain networks is the fact that they're fundamentally transparent and auditable and I think that that sort of feature is so important when you're talking about the..."
In this segment, Milenius elaborates on the dual role of MKR within the Maker ecosystem, likening it to a decentralized central bank. He discusses how MKR holders are incentivized to maintain stability in Dai, and how their decisions can lead to either the buying and burning of MKR or the minting of new MKR, depending on the performance of the collateral.
"anyway that's a great counter example so given that the system is backed by these collateral assets there needs to be this decision made about which asset should go in the basket behind die so how doe..."
Milenius highlights the inherent risks in the Maker system, particularly regarding collateral assets. He explains how MKR holders must make informed decisions to avoid catastrophic losses, drawing parallels to the 2008 financial crisis. This segment underscores the importance of careful governance and risk management in maintaining the stability of Dai.
"holders are doing a good job then die will be issued and then fees will be sent into this buy and burn we call it this is very interesting right because you know it will feel very familiar to anybody ..."
This segment explores the dynamics of the Maker ecosystem as a two-sided marketplace. Milenius describes how MKR holders provide liquidity and stability while Dai holders benefit from a stable currency for transactions. He emphasizes the alignment of incentives between both parties, which is crucial for the system's success.
"really interesting because in the case where one of the collaterals that they accept to be issued against if they ever make a mistake and that collateral loses all of its value overnight then all of t..."
Milenius discusses the unique characteristics of smart contracts, comparing them to virtual hardware. He explains the importance of thorough preparation and design in smart contract development, contrasting it with traditional software development practices. This segment highlights the need for precision and foresight in creating immutable code on the blockchain.
"the incentives of them care token holders are aligned with the incentives of dye holders because as dye grows if they keep the system stable they stand to benefit and if they don't do that they also s..."
In this concluding segment, Milenius emphasizes the critical role of preparation in smart contract engineering. He shares insights on the extensive prototyping and specification work required before writing code, reinforcing the idea that careful planning is essential to avoid costly mistakes in the immutable environment of blockchain.
"contrary it's a Dao that's been live and been secured to date and so I'm wondering has the CTO what are the best practices and how is engineering smart contracts different from traditional software I ..."
In this segment, Milenius explains the concept of formal verification in smart contracts, likening it to rigorous testing in hardware design. He outlines how this process helps eliminate potential errors by mathematically ensuring that the code matches the specified behavior, thus enhancing trust in decentralized systems like Maker.
"contract because we've got this like virtual hardware environment you know where we create a piece of virtual hardware we launch it onto the blockchain and then that's it it's out there now and so a l..."
Milenius explores the implications of formally verified smart contracts, describing how they shift trust from traditional institutions to code itself. He draws an analogy to compression algorithms, explaining how this transformation can enhance the distribution of trust globally, particularly in the context of financial systems.
"out as possible I love when hardware and software blend like this kind of thinking this is fascinating we had Andy McAfee and Eric van Olsen MIT economists on the podcast talking about the problem the..."
The discussion shifts to the different types of stablecoins, including fiat-backed, crypto-collateralized, and algorithmic models. Milenius explains how Maker operates within this ecosystem and the potential for integrating various collateral types, emphasizing the innovative nature of algorithmic stablecoins.
"when you about money yeah absolutely I think that with these lower level primitive elements that we really really feel rock-solid about then we can just start to sort of think about like a global soci..."
Milenius provides insights into Maker's current status in the stablecoin market, highlighting the volume of DAI in circulation and recent partnerships that enhance its ecosystem. He discusses the importance of governance and community involvement in shaping the future of Maker and its role in the broader financial landscape.
"more autonomous what do you mean by that yeah so I guess we've already talked about two of the three types of stable coins that we see commonly one is sort of Fiat back to io u--'s and then there's ma..."
Milenius explains the recent developments in bridging fiat currency with Dai, allowing seamless transactions between traditional finance and blockchain systems. He highlights the significance of these innovations for users who prefer fiat payments while engaging with the Dai ecosystem.
"as digital money but on a more qualitative side we also have to look at all of the different activities that surround the ecosystem because it's such a complex multi-stakeholder ecosystem right and th..."
The conversation shifts to the implementation of MKR governance votes within Maker, marking a significant milestone for decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs). Milenius shares insights on stakeholder democracy and the importance of community involvement in decision-making processes.
"this blockchain financial system not only that but one of the really most exciting things that we've seen happen in the last three months was the actual implementation of a MK our governance vote whic..."
Milenius discusses the unique aspects of building a decentralized organization compared to traditional startups. He emphasizes the role of community engagement in shaping products and fostering enthusiasm, which is crucial for the success of projects like Dai.
"traditional startup or is it I think that there's so many different ways right because a big part of it is this community you know and in general when you're trying to create money the community and t..."
The importance of trust and leadership in decentralized networks is explored. Milenius argues that effective leadership is essential for coordinating efforts in a distributed environment, and he reflects on how decentralized systems can still benefit from strong leadership structures.
"and so whether it's the developers or whether it's like the community or whether it's anybody that's associated with the project as long as the system is fundamentally transparent and adheres to these..."
Milenius highlights the significance of narrative in fostering collaboration within decentralized communities. He explains how a shared vision and core values can inspire participation and cooperation among community members, ultimately driving the success of the project.
"created there of like we are all in this together and we're all trying to do this I hope it feels really inclusive and accessible and so when somebody encounters the project it lights up their antenna..."
The discussion concludes with reflections on the future of decentralized organizations and their potential to reshape management practices. Milenius and the hosts speculate on the emergence of new leadership paradigms and the evolution of organizational structures in the context of DAOs.
"there's a queen bee and my question for you is how do you think specially in engineering how does this sort of coordination work and where the failure points and how do you sort of think about counter..."