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Alex Garland, writer and director of many imaginative and philosophical films from the dreamlike exploration of human self-destruction in the movie Annihilation to the deep questions of consciousness and intelligence raised in the movie Ex Machina, which to me is one of the greatest movies on artificial intelligence ever made. I'm releasing this podcast to coincide with the release of his new series called Devs that will premiere this Thursday, March 5, on Hulu as part of "FX on Hulu". It explores many of the themes this very podcast is about: from quantum mechanics to artificial life to simulation to the modern nature of power in the tech world. This episode is presented by Cash App. Download it & use code "LexPodcast": Cash App (App Store): https://apple.co/2sPrUHe Cash App (Google Play): https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 EPISODE LINKS: Devs: https://hulu.tv/2x35HaH Devs Twitter: https://twitter.com/Devs_FXonHulu Annihilation: https://hulu.tv/3ai9Eqk Ex Machina: https://www.netflix.com/title/80023689 Alex IMDb: https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0307497/ Alex Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Garland OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 3:42 - Are we living in a dream? 7:15 - Aliens 12:34 - Science fiction: imagination becoming reality 17:29 - Artificial intelligence 22:40 - The new "Devs" series and the veneer of virtue in Silicon Valley 31:50 - Ex Machina and 2001: A Space Odyssey 44:58 - Lone genius 49:34 - Drawing inpiration from Elon Musk 51:24 - Space travel 54:03 - Free will 57:35 - Devs and the poetry of science 1:06:38 - What will you be remembered for? CONNECT: - Subscribe to this YouTube channel - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman
In this segment, Lex Fridman introduces Alex Garland, the visionary writer and director behind films like 'Annihilation' and 'Ex Machina.' He discusses the profound themes explored in Garland's work, including the blend of science and philosophy, and the anticipation surrounding Garland's new series 'Devs.' Fridman highlights the technical details and philosophical depth that make Garland's storytelling unique and impactful.
"the following is a conversation with Alex garland writer and director of many imaginative and philosophical films from the dreamlike exploration of human self-destruction in the movie annihilation to ..."
Alex Garland shares his thoughts on the nature of reality, suggesting that while we may not be living in a simulation, our subjective experiences create a dreamlike state. He explores how our perception of reality is shaped by our brains making best guesses based on sensory input, leading to a subjective experience that feels detached from objective reality.
"and never any ads in the middle that can break the flow of the conversation I hope that works for you and doesn't hurt the listening experience this show is presented by cash app the number one financ..."
Garland discusses his approach to depicting alien life in 'Annihilation,' emphasizing the importance of creating truly alien entities that do not share human-like motivations. He reflects on the challenges of imagining life forms that operate under different laws of physics and consciousness, and the implications of such beings existing in our universe.
"where I'd come down said going further deeper into that direction you've also described that world as psychedelia so on that topic I'm curious about that world on the topic of psychedelic drugs do you..."
In this thought-provoking segment, Garland argues that his creative work is a reaction to scientific advancements rather than a precursor to them. He emphasizes the influence of scientists on his storytelling, aiming to disseminate complex scientific ideas into narratives that resonate with the public, showcasing the interplay between art and science.
"the movie first of all incredibly original view of what an alien life would be and she said in that sense it's a huge success let's go inside your imagination did the alien that alien entity know anyt..."
Alex Garland discusses the challenges of grasping modern quantum mechanics and string theory, likening it to the dedication required in athletics. He reflects on how the depth of knowledge in these fields has evolved, making it difficult for latecomers to catch up. Garland emphasizes the importance of being open to the ideas of others and how he incorporates existing thought experiments into his narratives.
"understand what Newton is saying about the way the world works with a few years of dedicated thinking they would be able to understand that the sort of principles he was laying out I don't think that'..."
Garland explains how his film 'Ex Machina' integrates various philosophical thought experiments, such as Plato's cave and Mary in the black-and-white room. He articulates his goal of making complex ideas accessible to the public through narrative, showcasing how these concepts influence his creative process.
"feels to me so so what I do is I try to make myself open so the people that you're implying maybe I would influence it to me it's exactly the other way around these people are strongly influencing me ..."
In this segment, Garland contrasts the current understanding of artificial intelligence with the established knowledge in physics. He argues that AI is still in its infancy, requiring a significant amount of imagination and creativity to advance. He shares his fascination with the public's mixed feelings about AI, highlighting the excitement and anxiety surrounding its development.
"this is my best shot at it so so I'm the one being influenced in my construction that that's fascinating of course you would say that because you're not even aware of your own that's probably what Kub..."
Garland delves into the existential risks posed by artificial intelligence, pondering the implications of AI becoming our 'offspring.' He reflects on humanity's historical experience with creating new life forms and the lessons learned about unchecked power, emphasizing the importance of checks and balances in technology.
"certainly think that's true with 2001 a Space Odyssey I think at its best and if it fails prove that that's true of that it is best it plans something it's hard describe it it inspires the the next ge..."
Garland discusses the human capacity for creating new life forms and the inherent risks involved. He argues that while humans have learned from past mistakes, the unique nature of machines presents new challenges. He expresses optimism about the potential benefits of AI, contrasting it with his concerns about social media and its implications.
"importance and role for imagination which they think you know we're in that what were Freud imagine the subconscious we're in that stage of of AI where there's a lot of imagination you didn't thinking..."
In this segment, Garland explores the dual nature of AI development, acknowledging both the potential for good and the risks of corruption. He reflects on the motivations of those in Silicon Valley, questioning whether their intentions are naive or dark, and how this impacts the algorithms they create.
"system becomes our offspring and makes us obsolete I mean it's a huge huge subject to talk about I suppose but but one of the things I think is that humans are actually very experienced at creating ne..."
Garland critiques Silicon Valley's facade of virtue, likening it to Wall Street's greed masked by a hipster culture. He expresses concern over the voracious pursuit of money and power in tech, suggesting that this pursuit often obscures the true nature of their actions and intentions.
"just see all the good you know broadly speaking the good that can come from it but that that's just my that's just where I am on that anxiety spectrum you know it's kind of there's a sadness so we as ..."
Garland discusses the complexity of intentions among tech leaders, acknowledging that while some may genuinely seek to improve the world, others may exploit their positions for personal gain. He emphasizes the need for self-awareness and the potential for corruption in a highly competitive environment.
"worse and so a and then it's a question about what constitutes a future generation a future generation could involve people it also could involve machines and it could involve a sort of cross pollinat..."
In this segment, Garland reflects on how the acquisition of wealth and power can distort moral compasses. He discusses the psychological effects of financial success, suggesting that it can lead individuals to believe they are inherently virtuous, which can result in dangerous consequences.
"that the algorithms have an either conscious or unconscious bias which is created by the people who are making the algorithms and and sort of delineating the areas to which those algorithms are going ..."
Garland shares his perspective on self-doubt as a fundamental driver of morality. He argues that constant self-reflection and feedback from others are crucial for maintaining a moral compass, especially in environments where success can lead to a disconnect from reality.
"at a guess I'd say there are instances of all those things so so sometimes I think it's naivety sometimes I think it's extremely dark and sometimes I think people are are not being naive or dark and a..."
Garland discusses how leaders, including historical figures like Stalin, often believe they are acting for the greater good, despite their actions leading to harm. He emphasizes the importance of listening to others to avoid the pitfalls of self-delusion and moral blindness.
"it's rabidly capitalistic absolutely rabidly capitalistic and it's rabidly greedy but whereas in the 80s the sense one had of Wall Street was that these people kind of knew they were sharks and in a w..."
In this concluding segment, Garland reflects on the dangers of isolation that can come with power. He argues that leaders who stop listening to dissenting voices risk losing touch with reality, which can lead to catastrophic decisions. He underscores the importance of dialogue and disagreement in maintaining sanity and moral clarity.
"that so as a maybe a devil's advocate term poorly used in this case what if some of them really are trying to build a better world I can't I'm sure I think some of them are I think I've spoken to once..."
In this segment, Garland delves into the psychology of individuals who commit evil acts, suggesting that many believe they are doing good. He uses Stalin as an example of someone who sought power not for its own sake but to implement his vision of communism. This discussion raises questions about the subjective nature of morality and how personal beliefs can lead to destructive actions.
"it's the interesting thing about evil which is the I think most people who do spectacularly evil things think themselves they're doing really good things that they're not they're thinking I am a sort ..."
Garland reflects on the influence of iconic films like '2001: A Space Odyssey' on AI researchers and their understanding of consciousness. He discusses the philosophical implications of AI, comparing HAL 9000 and Ava from 'Ex Machina.' This segment highlights the different approaches to exploring consciousness in AI and the ethical considerations that arise from these narratives.
"trying to do good I think it's it's typically the case yeah that that's what people think they're doing and I think that but you don't need to go to Stalin I mean Stalin sure I think Stalin but probab..."
In this thought-provoking segment, Garland examines how 'Ex Machina' presents a unique take on the Turing Test by assessing consciousness through direct interaction. He discusses the implications of projecting human consciousness onto machines and the philosophical questions that arise from this exploration. The conversation emphasizes the subjective nature of consciousness and how it relates to our understanding of AI.
"the target the hope the dangers of AI is that movie yeah right do you ever consider the the impact on those researchers when you create the the work you do certainly not with Xbox in relation to 2001 ..."
Garland shares his interpretation of Ava's character in 'Ex Machina,' arguing that her smile at the end signifies true sentience rather than malevolence. He contrasts audience perceptions of Ava as an evil robot with his view of her as a conscious being seeking freedom. This segment explores the nuances of AI representation in film and the deeper questions of empathy and consciousness.
"Plato's cave I mean this view really explored you could argue that how sort of space odyssey explores idea of the Turing test for intelligence or not test there's no test but it's more focused on inte..."
In this segment, Garland discusses the moral implications of Ava's character and whether she embodies good or evil. He argues that Ava's distorted upbringing influences her moral views, suggesting that her actions stem from her experiences rather than inherent malice. This exploration raises questions about the potential for AI to possess moral agency and the impact of their creation on their behavior.
"with they're smiling for themselves and that to me was evidence of Ava's true sentience whatever that sentience was but those really interesting she we don't get to observe a ver much or or something ..."
Garland engages in a philosophical discussion about the nature of consciousness, questioning whether the appearance of consciousness equates to actual consciousness. He highlights the human tendency to project sentience onto non-sentient beings and the implications of this for understanding AI. This segment challenges listeners to reconsider their assumptions about consciousness and the unique qualities of human experience.
"compare the two but if you could just use your imagination and if Ava sort of I don't know ran the Quran easy was President of the United States also has some power so what kind of world which you wan..."
In this segment, Garland speculates on the potential leadership qualities of Ava if she were to hold power. He draws parallels between her experiences and those of individuals shaped by their environments, suggesting that her moral compass may be influenced by her past. This discussion invites reflection on the responsibilities of AI and the ethical considerations of granting them power.
"of America right and Ava has had a very very distorted introduction into the world so although there's nothing as it as it were organically within Ava that would lean her towards badness it's not the ..."
Garland concludes with a discussion on empathy and its role in understanding consciousness. He emphasizes the importance of human empathy in assessing AI and the potential pitfalls of anthropomorphizing machines. This segment encourages a deeper exploration of what it means to be conscious and the implications for future AI development.
"her over Boris Johnson so what is a good test of consciousness just can we talk about consciousness a little bit more if something appears conscious is it conscious he mentioned the smile which is see..."
Garland critiques the concept of the 'lone genius' in storytelling, particularly in relation to AI development. He reflects on how narratives often simplify complex scientific endeavors by focusing on singular characters. This segment discusses the collaborative nature of innovation and the importance of recognizing the contributions of many in the field of AI.
"flipside of that the argument there is because we just attribute consciousness to everything almost and anthropomorphize everything including Roombas the that maybe consciousness is not real that woul..."
Garland critiques the concept of the 'lone genius' in the context of AI development, referencing the film Ex Machina. He emphasizes that innovation is often a collective effort, challenging the narrative that singular individuals drive technological advancements.
"and can't please everyone including myself this is what I first reacted to the film is the idea of the lone genius this is the the criticism that people say sort of me as an AI researcher I'm trying t..."
In this segment, Garland reflects on Ex Machina as a thought experiment rather than a realistic portrayal of AI. He discusses the film's narrative structure and the philosophical questions it raises about the nature of artificial intelligence and its implications.
"you know where the lone lone is the right word broadly isolated but Newton clearly exists in a sort of bubble of himself in some respect such as Shakespearean do you think we would have an iPhone with..."
Garland explores the challenges of creating realistic AI, particularly in robotics. He highlights the elegance and efficiency of movement as a key goal for roboticists, using the character Ava from Ex Machina as a benchmark for this pursuit.
"actually that interesting of a question but it's brought up so often that I had to ask it because that's exactly how I felt after what you know there's something about there was almost a defense I got..."
Garland discusses the impact of Elon Musk's ventures, such as Tesla and SpaceX, on the future of technology and storytelling. He acknowledges how these innovations shape the narratives he creates in his films, reflecting on the intersection of fiction and reality.
"a thought experiment there's you know who cares if there's batteries that don't run out right those kinds of questions that's the whole point yeah but I bits nevertheless something I wanted to bring u..."
In this segment, Garland expresses his fascination with space exploration and its significance for humanity's future. He reflects on the innate human drive to explore and the importance of venturing beyond our solar system.
"exploration your link is brain machine interface somehow merger of biological and electric systems I'm in a way I'm influenced by that almost by definition because that's the world I live in and this ..."
Garland introduces the concept of quantum computing as a tool for simulating life forms in his new series, Devs. He discusses the implications of using quantum technology to explore complex biological systems and the philosophical questions that arise from such advancements.
"trying I was on Easter Island a few months ago which is as I'm sure you know in the middle of the Pacific and and difficult for people to have got to but they got there and I did think a lot about the..."
Garland shares his views on determinism and free will, suggesting that the universe operates on deterministic principles. He explores the implications of this belief on human perception and the illusion of free will.
"the cool kind of demo yeah that's right they're using yes they are using a quantum computer to simulate a nematode pill so returning to our discussion of simulation or thinking of the universe as a co..."
In this segment, Garland reflects on the beauty and poetry inherent in scientific concepts like quantum mechanics and entanglement. He argues for a deeper appreciation of science as a form of art, emphasizing its lyrical qualities and the profound truths it reveals.
"it would be might that's why I guess so in that sense your sort of sense is that you can unroll the universe forward or backward and you will see the same thing and you would I mean that notion yeah s..."
Garland discusses the potential societal implications of realizing that free will may be an illusion. He contemplates how this understanding could challenge personal beliefs and affect societal norms, raising questions about control and agency.
"I would say Sciences poetry in terms of quantum computing being used to simulate things or just in general the idea of simulating simulating small parts of our world which actually current physicists ..."
Garland delves into the unsettling idea that humans may not have as much control over their actions as they believe. He discusses how a deterministic perspective could be both disturbing and enlightening, leading to a greater appreciation for the nuances of human experience, even in the absence of free will.
"people do you think there has a positive or negative effect on society the the realization that you are not you cannot control your actions essentially I guess is the way that could be interpreted yea..."
In this reflective segment, Garland shares a personal anecdote about his daughter's perspective on meaning in a deterministic universe. He argues that despite the lack of free will, personal connections and experiences still hold intrinsic value, suggesting that meaning can exist even within a framework of determinism.
"determined I still feel things I I still care about stuff I remember my daughter saying to me wish it she'd got hold of the idea that my view of the universe made it meaningless and she said well then..."
Garland emphasizes the importance of humility in the face of scientific discovery and the potential understanding of consciousness. He discusses how unraveling the nature of consciousness may challenge human exceptionalism, ultimately leading to a more profound appreciation of our place in the universe.
"society so it's it's almost this creation is helping us understand ourselves in the the thing to be said about artificial intelligence so what do you think us creating something like Ava will help us ..."
In this thought-provoking segment, Garland contemplates the nature of consciousness and its potential universality. He suggests that if consciousness exists in all things, it would challenge the notion of human exceptionalism, prompting a reevaluation of our understanding of life and intelligence.
"the lines of say that that an electron has a preferred state or it may or may not pass through a bed of glass it may reflect off or it may go through or something like that and and so that feels as if..."
Garland reflects on his creative philosophy, emphasizing the importance of participating in conversations rather than making proclamations. He expresses a desire to contribute to meaningful dialogues that explore complex ideas, highlighting the role of cinema and storytelling in sparking thoughtful discussions.
"feel you may feel somewhere deep inside you may still create well ok well I'll take I'll take the question in the spirit was asked but very generous gunpoint yeah what what I what I try to do so there..."
In the closing segment, Garland contemplates what he hopes to be remembered for in the future. He aspires to be seen as someone who engages in meaningful conversations and contributes to the understanding of complex themes, particularly in the realms of science and technology.
"Alex it was truly an honor to talk to you I really appreciate I really enjoy it thank you so much thank you Thanks thanks for listening to this conversation with Alex Garland and thank you to represen..."