
38 segments available
It’s fair to say that few people in tech are positioned to have a bigger impact on the future than Sam Altman. As the CEO of OpenAI, Altman and his team have overseen monumental leaps forward in machine learning, generative AI and most recently LLMs that can reason at PhD levels. And this is just the beginning. In his latest essay Altman predicted that ASI (Artificial Super Intelligence) is just a few thousand days away. So how did we get to this point? In this episode of our rebooted series "How To Build The Future," YC President and CEO Garry Tan sits down with Altman to talk about the origins of OpenAI, what’s next for the company, and what advice he has for founders navigating this massive platform shift. Apply to Y Combinator: https://ycombinator.com/apply Chapters (Powered by https://bit.ly/chapterme-yc) - 0:00 Coming up 0:43 Intro: Is this the best time to start a tech company? 6:27 How Sam got into YC 10:53 The early days of YC Research 12:49 Getting the first OpenAI team together 17:13 Why scaling was considered heretical 21:42 Conviction can be powerful 26:15 Commercializing GPT-4 28:53 What drew Sam to create Loopt 30:24 Learning from platform shifts 33:15 Tech incumbents are unaware of what is happening with AI 34:08 Sam's recommended startup path 36:56 Reflecting on the OpenAI drama 39:58 What startups are building with current models 44:16 Outro: Advice for early founders + final thoughts
Sam Altman discusses OpenAI's commitment to pursuing Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) despite skepticism in the tech community. He reflects on the initial criticism faced and emphasizes the importance of conviction in focusing on a singular goal, highlighting the current opportunity for startups in a rapidly evolving tech landscape.
"we said from the very beginning we were going to go after AGI at a time when in the field you weren't allowed to say that because that just seemed impossibly crazy I remember a rash of criticism for y..."
In this segment, Altman shares his belief that we are currently in the best era for launching technology companies. He draws parallels to historical technological revolutions, suggesting that the dynamic nature of today's advancements provides a unique edge for startups over established companies.
"all this to such an astonishing degree we have a real treat for you today Sam Alman thanks for joining us thanks this is actually a reboot of your series how to build the future and so welcome back to..."
Altman makes a bold prediction about the timeline for achieving Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), suggesting it could be just a few thousand days away. He discusses the compounding progress in AI and the potential capabilities of future systems, emphasizing the optimistic outlook for technological advancements.
"in the future I sort of think with each successive major technological Revolution you've been able to do more than you could before and I would expect the companies to be more amazing and impactful in..."
Altman expresses a techno-optimistic vision for the future, discussing the potential for breakthroughs in climate change, space colonization, and limitless intelligence. He highlights the importance of fostering a culture of optimism in tech, encouraging founders to think big and embrace ambitious goals.
"mean that's our hope our guess whatever uh but that's a very wild statement yeah um tell us about it I mean that's that's big that is really big I can see a path where the work we are doing just keeps..."
In this segment, Altman explores the concept of an 'age of abundance' driven by advancements in energy and intelligence. He discusses how achieving abundant energy could unlock significant progress across various sectors, emphasizing the transformative potential of robotics and AI in improving quality of life.
"architecture shift that sort of unlocked yeah a lot and what I'm sort of hearing is that these things are going to compound we could hit some like unexpected Ed wall or we could be missing something b..."
Altman elaborates on the critical role of energy in technological advancement, discussing the trajectory of solar energy and its implications for the future. He emphasizes that reducing energy costs and increasing availability will directly enhance quality of life and enable further innovations.
"of early PG Spirit of just encouraging Founders to like think a little bit bigger is like it is a special thing in the world the Abundant energy thing seems like a pretty big deal you know there's sor..."
In this segment, Altman reflects on the long-term vision for energy solutions and the eventual resolution of physical challenges. He expresses confidence in humanity's ability to solve complex problems in physics and the importance of striving for abundant energy as a foundation for future advancements.
"would be a huge unlock and the fact that it's I'm not sure to be whether like whether it be surprised that it's all happening the same time or if this is just like the natural effect of an increasing ..."
Altman shares a personal anecdote about his entry into Y Combinator, recounting his determination to join despite being advised to wait. He reflects on the significance of this decision and how it shaped his entrepreneurial journey, highlighting the importance of conviction in pursuing one's goals.
"and there's a big universe out there with a lot of matter yeah wanted to switch gears a little bit to sort of your earlier you were mentioning uh Paul Graham who brought us all together really created..."
In this segment, Altman discusses the value of surrounding oneself with inspiring peers. He emphasizes the impact of a supportive community on personal growth and ambition, sharing insights on how peer pressure can be harnessed positively in the entrepreneurial journey.
"widely known in our community as you know one of the most formidable people where do you think that came from that one story I think I I I would happy i' be happy if that like drifted off hisory well ..."
Altman reflects on the unique environment at Y Combinator that fosters innovation and ambition. He contrasts his experiences at Stanford with the motivating atmosphere of YC, highlighting how being among fellow founders can significantly enhance one's drive and aspirations.
"things I thought was so great about YC and still that I care so much about YC about is it was like a collection of the weird people who are just like I'm just going to do my thing the part of this tha..."
In this segment, Altman discusses the importance of being intentional about one's identity and the company one keeps. He shares a quote from Carl Jung about self-awareness and the influence of peer groups, emphasizing the need to choose supportive and ambitious peers early in one's career.
"young people now is finding that peer group as early as you can was so important to me um and I didn't realize it was something that mattered I kind of thought ah like I have you know I'll figure it o..."
Altman talks about the inception of YC Research and the experimentation that characterized its early days. He shares insights into the challenges faced and the lessons learned, reflecting on the broader context of AI development and the innovative spirit that drives research at YC.
"were competing with your peers on was like who was going to get the internship at which Investment Bank which I'm embarrassed to say I fell on that trap this is like how powerful peer groups are um it..."
In this segment, Altman discusses the early days of YC Research and the excitement surrounding AI advancements. He recalls the atmosphere in Silicon Valley during 2014-2016, where the need for robust research labs was palpable. Altman shares his vision for YC Research, which aimed to fund innovative efforts and explore the potential of AI, despite the challenges faced.
"definitely one of my takeaways at least for myself is you no one is immune to peer pressure and so all you can do is like pick good peers yeah obviously you know you went on to create looped you know ..."
Altman reflects on the initial challenges of establishing OpenAI and the importance of focusing on deep learning and scaling. He shares insights from his readings on historical research labs and the need for a dedicated approach to AI research. This segment highlights the early ambitions of OpenAI and the belief in the potential of AI technologies.
"time I read a few books on like the history of zerox Park and Bell labs and stuff and I think there were a lot of people like it was in the air of Silicon Valley at the time that we need to like have ..."
Sam Altman recounts the process of assembling the initial team for OpenAI, emphasizing the importance of attracting talented individuals who shared a vision for AGI. He describes the excitement and skepticism surrounding their ambitious goals, illustrating how they sought out brilliant minds to join their mission. This segment captures the essence of collaboration and innovation in the early days of OpenAI.
"montage and there were like all of these like you know at the beginning of like the Bai movie when you're like driving around to find the people and whatever and and they're like you son of a I'm in r..."
In this segment, Altman shares the pivotal moment when OpenAI officially launched in January 2016. He describes the atmosphere among the founding team as they gathered to discuss their next steps after the announcement. This moment encapsulates the transition from planning to execution, highlighting the challenges and excitement of starting a groundbreaking venture.
"sign and really powerful and we were like this rag tag group of people I mean I was the oldest by a decent amount I was like I guess I was 30 then and so you had like these people who were like those ..."
Altman discusses the foundational ideas that guided OpenAI's early efforts, including the focus on unsupervised learning and scaling. He reflects on the initial skepticism from the AI community and how their commitment to these principles ultimately shaped the organization's trajectory. This segment emphasizes the importance of vision and perseverance in the face of doubt.
"is going to be it took us a long time to figure out what we're going to do um but one of the things I'm really amazingly impressed by Ilia in particular but really all of the early people about is alt..."
In this segment, Altman explores the concept of emergent learning phenomena within AI. He discusses the significance of scaling and how it can lead to unexpected advancements in deep learning. Altman shares his belief that understanding these emergent properties is crucial for future innovations in AI, highlighting the need for focused research and development.
"pretty good so deep learning then the second big one sounded like scaling like the idea that you could scale that was another heretical idea that people actually found even offensive you know I rememb..."
Altman addresses the criticism faced by OpenAI from established figures in the AI field. He reflects on the challenges of gaining acceptance for their ambitious goals and the misconceptions surrounding their approach. This segment underscores the resilience required to pursue groundbreaking work in a skeptical environment, emphasizing the importance of belief in one's vision.
"fundamental going on it was the PG ISM for this is we had like discovered a new Square in the periodic table yeah and so it we just we really wanted to push on that and we were far less resourced than..."
In this segment, Altman reflects on the importance of being adaptable and learning from failures in the startup journey. He emphasizes the need for high conviction while also being open to changing direction based on new data and insights.
"Optimist and I think across like many of the successful YC startups you see a version of that again and again yeah that sounds right when the world gives you sort of push back and the push back doesn'..."
Altman recounts the early days of OpenAI, discussing the assumptions and missteps they encountered along the way. He emphasizes the importance of resilience and the ability to pivot based on experiences and outcomes in the pursuit of artificial general intelligence.
"are a lot of people who hold on it past the moment of data so it's it's iterative it's not just they're wrong and I'm right you have to go show your work but there is a long moment where you have to b..."
Altman shares pivotal insights from the development of the GPT series, particularly the groundbreaking work of Alec Radford. He discusses how the discovery of sentiment analysis in neural networks led to significant advancements in generative AI.
"going to be again we had no idea or I at least had no idea maybe Alec Radford did I had no idea that language models were going to be the thing um you know we started working on robots and agents PL v..."
In this segment, Altman discusses the commercialization of GPT-4 and the transformative impact it had on users and startups. He reflects on the excitement and challenges of bringing advanced AI models to market and the validation they received from early adopters.
"GPT series I guess one of the things that Jake heler from case text uh we I think of him as maybe I mean not surprisingly a YC Alum who got access to both uh 3 3.5 and four and he described getting fo..."
Altman shares his journey of founding Loopt at a young age, driven by his fascination with mobile technology. He reflects on the early challenges and the vision he had for mobile computing long before smartphones became ubiquitous.
"hands so you you knew actually from your users that totally like when the when the uh model dropped itself and you got your hands on it it was like well this this is better we were totally impressed t..."
Sam Altman discusses the challenges of being an early player in the mobile tech space before the advent of the App Store. He reflects on the learning experiences from his first startup, emphasizing the importance of understanding platform shifts and the rapid evolution of technology.
"billions of people who they don't have a computer like to us growing up you know that that actually uh was your first computer not physically is a replica or like another copy of my first computer whi..."
Altman shares insights on the value of early career experiences, likening one's 20s to an apprenticeship. He discusses the painful yet educational journey of his first startup, Loopt, and how it shaped his understanding of product-market fit and startup dynamics.
"and then uh one of the harder parts of it was we didn't have the App Store the iPhone didn't exist uh you ended up being a big part of that launch I think a small part but yes we dig it to be a little..."
In this segment, Altman reflects on the transition from dumb phones to smartphones and the opportunities that arise during such shifts. He emphasizes the role of young innovators in shaping these changes and the excitement surrounding current technological advancements.
"it was like a difficult experience and we never found product Market fit really and we also never like really found a way to get to escape velocity which is just always hard to do there is nothing tha..."
Altman discusses the disconnect between established tech companies and emerging trends in AI. He highlights the potential for startups to capitalize on this gap, drawing parallels to Facebook's initial struggles with mobile adaptation and the importance of being agile in a rapidly changing landscape.
"like proud do you have an intuitive sense like speaking to even a lot of the you know really great billion dooll company Founders some of them are just not that aware of what's Happening like there're..."
Sam Altman shares his perspective on the importance of self-funding in the early stages of a startup. He discusses how his ability to invest in OpenAI helped shape its direction and the lessons learned from his experiences in securing funding and navigating the startup ecosystem.
"built by the people who are young with no prior knowledge it's it is I think it's great so there's this other aspect that's interesting in that I think you're you know you and Elon and uh Bezos and a ..."
In this reflective segment, Altman considers the choices he made in his early career, particularly regarding his work on Loopt versus his passion for AI. He discusses the significance of pursuing one's interests and the long-term impact of early experiences on future endeavors.
"and I did like we were talking about earlier learn these extremely valuable lessons but I also feel like I kind of like was wasting my time for lack of a better phrase working on looped I don't I defi..."
Altman addresses the challenges and drama surrounding OpenAI's rapid growth. He reflects on the lessons learned from navigating organizational changes and the importance of making sound decisions as the company evolves towards its goal of achieving AGI.
"deeply and it's really nice to get to like add our brick to that long road of progress yeah um is it's been a great year for open AI not without some drama uh always yeah we're good at that uh what di..."
In this segment, Altman discusses the current state of OpenAI and the clarity the team has gained in their mission to build AGI. He emphasizes the importance of alignment and focus within the organization, highlighting the excitement of knowing what steps to take next in their journey.
"the 10 to the 100 phase we've also kind of like changed what were going to be um made plenty of mistakes along the way done a few things really right and that comes with a lot of change and I think th..."
Sam Altman reflects on the rapid innovation possible with existing AI models, citing a recent hackathon where participants created impressive projects. He discusses the potential for significant advancements by creatively utilizing current technologies.
"can go pretty fast yeah if you're willing to say we're going to do these few things we're going to try to do them very well and our research path is fairly clear our infrastructure path is fairly clea..."
Altman explains the different levels of AGI, from basic chatbots to advanced agents capable of complex tasks. He emphasizes the rapid progression towards higher levels of intelligence and the implications for innovation and exploration.
"was really powerful um and then we actually just had our 01 hackathon at YC that was so impressive that was super fun um and then weirdly one of the people who won I think they came in third uh was ca..."
In this segment, Altman discusses the potential for companies to operate with minimal employees due to advancements in AGI. He highlights the transformative impact of AI on business structures and the exciting opportunities for startup founders.
"ideas and that demo and a few others have convinced me that you can get a huge amount of innovation just by using these current models in really creative ways well yeah I mean it's uh what's interesti..."
Sam Altman offers crucial advice for aspiring startup founders, urging them to leverage the rapid advancements in AI technology. He emphasizes the importance of speed, focus, and building a sustainable business model amidst the excitement of new tech.
"excited to be alive for that let's get to level four so happy for whoever that person is yeah do you want to talk about level three four and five briefly yeah so we realized that AGI had become this l..."
Altman warns against the misconception that AI technology alone guarantees business success. He stresses the necessity of creating real value and maintaining traditional business principles while innovating with AI.
"like that's like a scientist and you know that's ability to go explore like a not well understood phenomena over like a long period of time and understand what's just kind of go just figure it out and..."
In this closing segment, Altman expresses his excitement for the future, particularly the development of AGI. He reflects on the profound changes it will bring to society and the importance of building a better world for future generations.
"founder yeah but it does feel like that's happening to me yeah um you know it's like one person plus 10,000 gpus pretty pretty powerful Sam what advice do you have for people watching who you know eit..."