"the act of remembering can change the memory if you remember some event and then I tell you something about the event later on when you remember the event you might remember some original information ..."

"rangano Danny Conan describes the experiencing self and the remembering self and that happiness and satisfaction you gained from the outcomes of your decisions did not come from what you've experience..."

"that basically I think that a lot of learning in the brain is driven towards being able to make sense I mean really memory is all about the the present and the Future Past is done so biologically spea..."

"exactly well just to linger on Danny Conan and just this whole idea of experiencing self versus remembering self I was hoping you can give a simple answer of how we should live life uh based on the fa..."

"getting a hotel room so we should as a small tangent you're a legit touring act when I was in grad school I played in a band and yeah we traveled we would play shows it wasn't like we were in a hardco..."

"for us and you know we went on some vacations but not very often and I really try to do now vacations to interesting places as much as possible with my family because like those are the things that yo..."

"how I remember it on this paddle board where just everything that could have gone wrong did go wrong almost um so many mistakes were made and um um ended up like at some point just like basically away..."

"really took away well actually just for me you're making me realize now that it's not just those kinds of stories but even things like periods of depression or really low points to me at least it feel..."

"and it's like we all have these personal reasons that guide us in these particular directions and some of it's the and environment and random factors in life and some of it is memories of things that ..."

"the self is an evolving construct I think we kind of underestimate that and when you're a parent you feel like every decision you make is consequential in forming this child and plays a role but so do..."

"trauma and we can get into this whole stages of Life thing which I just love basically those first few years there are I mean you know I mean think about it a kid's internal model of their body is cha..."

"information one of the areas that I'm very interested in is the prefrontal cortex it's an area of the brain that I mean I could talk all day about it but it's it helps us use our knowledge to say hey ..."

"I I like to use the word optimal now because there's such a culture of optimization right now and it's like I realize I have to redefine what optimal is because for most of the Human Condition I think..."

"learn so you don't want a super tight prefrontal cortex you don't even know what the goals should be yet right it's like if you're trying to design a model that's based on a bad goal it's G to it's no..."

"throughout these stages of life so it is always optimal in a sense it's just optimal for that stage of Life yeah and for the Ecology of the system so you've got so I looked into this and it's like ano..."

"animals Evolution I think is designing brains that are really around you know it's it's obviously optimized for the individual but also for kin and I think that the kin are part of this like when they..."

"on it works yeah apex predators uh I just got a meglan on tooth speaking of a Apex parties it's uh just imagine the size of that thing anyway uh how does the brain forget and how and why does it remem..."

"wipes things out sometimes we forget because there aren't the biological signals which we can get into that would promote long-term retention and lots of times we forget because we can't find the queu..."

"you mentioned semantic memory what are the different separations here what's uh working memory short-term memory long-term memory what are the interesting categories of memory yeah and so memory resea..."

"then we also have the separate what you called an a central executive which is identified a lot with the prefrontal cortex it's this ability to control the flow of information that's being kept active..."

"that's allowing you to interpret this world around you now to build that model though you need to pull out stuff from uh your general knowledge of the world which is what we call semantic memory and t..."

"this idea that we form these internal models at particular points of high prediction error or points of I believe also points of uncertainty points of surprise or motivationally significant periods an..."

"that you've grabbed and what we see is that the hippocampus and these other networks uh that are involved in generating these internal models of events they show a heighten period of connectivity or c..."

"when we're talking about semantic memory and episodic memory and working memory you can think about it as these processes that are unfolding as these networks kind of come together and Pull Apart can ..."

"over and over again is that the brain does basically one of the cool things about the design of the brain is it's always less is more less is more right it's like I mean I've seen estimates that the h..."

"schools of thought on training attention for instance um uh so one of my colleagues amishi jaw she wrote a book called Peak mind and talks about mindfulness as a method for improving attention uh and ..."

"in identifying these different kinds of just crazy objects that we made up as they develop this expertise of being able to identify what made them different from each other and what made them unique w..."

"practic strategies over and over and over again the strategy that they use for memorizing a particular thing it can become automatic and you can just deploy it in an instant right so again it's not ne..."

"information all that knowledge it's really great and then for uh Memory Palace is a technique that allows you to remember things like the Ikea catalog or by placing them visually in a place that you'r..."

"you're not really remembering a name maybe in my case you are but most of the time you're associating a name with a with a face and an identity and that's a completely arbitrary thing right I mean may..."

"all about is you have a pre-existing structure in your head of like your childhood home or this mental Palace that you've created for yourself and so now you can put arbitrary pieces of information in..."

"something that you remember well already especially visually fascinating you can just do that for any kind of sequence I'm sure she used something like this for the for Ikea catalog absolutely absolut..."

"know exactly if I'm going for my banking you know P my bank password I could go to the finance pile right so the method of lowai works or memory palaces work because they give you a way of organizing ..."

"last minute and sometimes I would literally study like you know in the hallway right before the test that was great because what would happen is is I just had that information right there and so actua..."

"and different places because it's not overfitted in a in an AI kind of way of thinking about things it's not overfitted to one particular context but that's also why the memories that we call upon the..."

"yeah and and I think this this falls into a category we've done other modeling um one of these is a published study in pla computational biology where we showed that uh another way which is I think re..."

"later on so it it's fascinating and so what happens is when you test yourself you're like oh my God I thought I knew that but I don't and so it can be demoralizing until you get around that and you re..."

"for that one of the cool things that that I found is is that some people really just revolutionize a field by cre by creating a problem that didn't exist before it's kind of like why I love science is..."

"huge problem because essentially our mental experience of remembering something that happened our mental experience of thinking about something how do you tell the difference they're both largely cons..."

"imagination is basically saying I'm just going to take all this information from memory recombine it in different ways and throw it out there and so for instance um Dan Shaker um and Donna Addis done ..."

"concluded was that he called remembering an imaginative construction meaning that we don't replay the past we imagine how the past could have been by taking bits and pieces that come up in our heads a..."

"amnesia you're stuck in the present because the get a very good model of the future it really helps to have episodic memories to draw upon right and so that's that's the basic idea and in fact one of ..."

"we think happens and when I'm our common ground that we're establishing in language requires using those building blocks to put together a model of what's going on well there's a good percentage of ti..."

"see it all as one yeah there was actually this famous ponist he's kind of like back then the equivalent of a memory athlete except he would go to shows and do this uh um those described by the this uh..."

"interesting relationship between genius and psychosis yeah maybe they're just uh two sides of the same coin humans are fascinating aren't they I think so sometimes scary but mostly fascinating can we ..."

"lot of prior knowledge but they build the skills that you need to memorize arbitrary things yeah it's fascinating I've uh gotten a chance to work with something called uh endb tasks so there's all the..."

"memory for places and the reason is is that there's a lot of work that's done in rats which is very good work they have a rat and they put it in a box and the rat goes chases cheese in a box and you'l..."

"photographic I think there this combination of actual verifiable details and then a lot of inference that you make so what have you learned about this kind of spatial mapping of places how do people r..."

"and and we we've got a small task it's right now not yet like uh we need to do some work on it for further analyses but one of the things we're looking at is uh these signals called ripples in the hip..."

"memorize uh but what MRI is itself is just this technique where you put people in a very high magnetic field typical ones we would use would be three Tesla to give you an idea so a three Tesla magnet ..."

"gave you I think I sent you a gif as you like to say yeah we had off record in intense argument uh about if it's pronounced GIF or GIF but that's we we shall set that aside as friends we could have ca..."

"to decode um what people are remembering from the patterns of activity from because maybe when I'm remembering this thing like I'm remembering the house where I grew up I might have one pixel that's b..."

"so and H campus is just putting it all together into these unique things that just are about when and where it happened so there is a separation between spatial information Concepts like literally the..."

"according to who was there so I might have like we've actually shown in one of my favorite studies of all time that was done by a former post Zach rehea and Zach did the study where we had a bunch of ..."

"discovery that the act of remembering can change the memory it can strengthen it but it can also distort it if you get misinformation at the time and it can also strengthen or weaken other memories th..."

"uh I could go this idea of like breaking up our continuous experience into these discret events um I think was a major Discovery to the discreetness of our encoding of Events maybe yeah I mean you kno..."

"basically as people get older the activity in the hip campus at these event boundaries tends to go down um and and but independent of age if I give you outside of the scanner you're done with the scan..."

"relate that one I think the coolest thing gets back to this QR code thing because like what we can do now is like I can take fmri data while you're watching a movie or let's do better than that let me..."

"the one of the brand new members in my lab Tyler bond is just doing some great stuff he he relates computer vision models and looks at the weaknesses of computer vision models and relates it to what t..."

"language and you could do analysis on you know sentiment analyses of emotions and so forth put all this stuff together I mean it's it's almost too much but if you do it right and you do it in a theory..."

"mind-blowing to me what's the uh similarities in humans and mice I what Smashing Pumpkins uh we all just rats in a cage is that Smashing Pumpkins despite all of your rage is that Smashing Pumpkins I t..."

"circuits in an enormously targeted way because you could do these genetic studies for instance where you can manipulate like particular groups of neurons and it's just getting more and more targeted t..."

"like a very big view of the world and we move our eyes around in a way that focuses on particular spots and space where you get very high resolution from a very limited set of spots in space so that m..."

"an adult human you know but still what can you understand by studying mice I mean just basic almost behavioral stuff about memory well yes but that's very important right so you can understand for ins..."

"chunk of people will fall for this where you can give people misinformation about an event that never took place and as they keep trying to remember that event more and more more what happens they sta..."

"absolutely um I mean uh this is exactly what they do and so all these kind of foibles of human memory get magnified when you start to have social interactions there's a whole literature on something c..."

"trust someone or the more powerful that person is the more of a voice they have in shaping that narrative right um and and there's all sorts of interesting ways in which misinformation can happened th..."

"a case where interestingly enough the people who were using misinformation were actually ahead of the curve relative to the scientists who were trying to study these effects in memory yeah yeah it's u..."

"kind of social contagion happening there like certain ideas that maybe initiated by the propaganda machine can spread faster than others you could see that in modern day certain conspiracy theories th..."

"happen yeah I mean there's so much in what you're saying I mean one of the things is is that people's sense of collective identity is very much tied to Shared memories if we have a shared Narrative of..."

"vietn but he wrote a book about the collective memory of the Vietnam War he's a Vietnamese um immigrant who was flown out as um after the war was over and so he went back to his family to get their st..."

"were supposedly woke they were trying to ban two Live Crew or you know just think about lety Bruce got canceled for cursing Jesus Christ you know it's like this is nothing new people like to hear thin..."

"to inoculate ourselves I believe from misinformation in the Modern World um but like everything else it requires a certain tolerance for discomfort and I think when we don't have much time and I think..."

"technology problem because uh naturally left our own devices we want to Cluster up in a tribe yeah and that's the human problem you know I think a lot of the problems that come up with technology aren..."

"good enough I'll just go with it right and so what happens is it's not that the technology necessarily is doing anything so bad as much as it's just going to constrain my language because I'm just doi..."

"getting better but I don't know necessarily that tracks people's happiness right I mean I would argue that maybe who knows I don't know this but I wouldn't be surprised if people in hunter gatherer so..."

"know this modern society allows us to uh when we're sick to find medicine to find cures when we're hungry to get food much more than we did even 100 years ago and uh there's many more activities ities..."

"what you're supposed to get right so it's like you get a paycheck every you know month from MIT or whatever right and it's like you're kind of you probably don't even kind of get excited about it when..."

"reward right and so you could give an animal that's been deprived of dopamine a reward and oh yeah I enjoy it it's pretty good but they're not going to do anything to get it you know and uh just one o..."

"hear not necessarily the the information that that is being looked for and the reason is is that I mean there's different reasons I mean one is people just get tired of being tortured and just say wha..."

"there's a basic recipe for it which is you feed people the information that you want them to remember you stress them out you have an authority figure kind of like pushing this information on them uh ..."

"love that uh um oh it's such a hard one well so I mean part of this is we tend to go back to particular times that are the more emotionally intense periods um and so that's a part of it and again memo..."

"you said it in the beginning right where you can have this kind of like dark experiences and you can use it as training data to you know grow in new ways but it's hard this uh I often go back to this ..."

"Lonely Heart yes for sure I think so I think so but I'm going have to day by day I don't know I'm I'm gonna have to listen to some more Bruce Springsteen to figure that one out well you know it's funn..."

"that much more I mean you said something similar right in your daily routine that you think about things this way right yeah I meditate on mortality uh every day but I don't know I at the same time th..."

"reinforcer the outcome it's you're just part of the process of telling the joke and if I laugh or not that's up to the universe to decide yep it's my Thera uh how does study memory affect your underst..."

"like the days are moving by slower or faster or about the same almost everyone in the class said that the days were moving by slower um so then at the I would say okay so do you feel like the weeks ar..."

"the thing so maybe what it is is that you really like to see connections between things this is like really what motivates me in science actually too but it's like when you start recalling the past to..."

"ethical to reveal that full shebang the full context of what's going on in our in our brain that's really that's really interesting that's really I mean our thoughts is it ethical for anyone to have a..."

"paranoid and rightfully so it's fascinating it's really fascinating you know we talk about freedom of speech you know freedom of thought which is also a very important Liberty at at the core of this c..."

"lot of work that's being done on a phenomenon called reconsolidation which is this uh idea that essentially when I recall a memory um what happens is is that the connections between the neurons and th..."

"of the things that when we started studying naturalistic memory like memory from movies that was so hard was we had to change the way we did the studies because if I show you movie and I show and I wa..."

"problem that they were having in you know the self-driving car design because it didn't have a good enough internal model of what the people were you know what they were doing what they wanted and wha..."

"tricky now what machine learning systems are able to do well is collect a huge amount of data so for us It's tricky because we get to like understand the world with very limited information that's rig..."

"convincing sentence and in the same way I think AI that drives a car if it has enough data will be able to form a world model that will be able to predict correctly what the pest does but when we as h..."

"quite uh effective but one of the things that's currently missing even though opening I just recently announced adding memory mhm and I I did want to ask you like how important it is how difficult is ..."

"want to go super simple right like um Tyler Bonin who's a postto who's collaborating with me he actually studied uh a lot of computer vision at Stanford and so one of the things he was interested in i..."

"process I mean the process of allocating attention across time seems to be a really important process even the breakthroughs that you get with uh with machine learning mostly has to do attention is al..."

"people make characteristic mistakes they have characteristic biases they have characteristic like you know heris that we use and those I'm have yet to see evidence that chat GPT will do that since we'..."

"yourself the goofing off time sometimes I do that I and I sometimes I have to be flexible go like okay I'm definitely not focusing I'm going to give myself the downtime and it's an investment it's not..."

"uh you're a musician take take me through uh how'd you get into music like what what made you first fall in love with music with uh creating music I yeah so I started playing music just when I was lik..."

"you just and you jazz music is like that you know they just do so much interesting stuff with us and so playing with those signatures allows you to like really break it all open and just I guess there..."

"gra you know I love it what's uh I what's the name of your band now the cover band I play in is a band called Pavlov's dogs and so yeah so it's a it's a band of unsurprisingly of mostly memory researc..."

"Carri Hoffman and also um Paula Croc and and so they do uh they do yeah so Carrie does Blondie amazingly well and we do like Gigantic by the Pixies Paula does that one which song Do You Love to play t..."

"question but let me ask you we've been talking about Neuroscience in general uh what what do you you've been studying the human mind for a long time what do you love most about the human mind like whe..."

"an incredible mystery all of it it's funny you said Dark Energy because the same in in astrophysics you look out there you look at dark matter and dark energy which is this loose term assigned to a th..."

"scientific successes that I could think of you are aware that you don't know about this gigantic section overwhelming majority of the universe right and I think the more what keeps me going to some ex..."