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4:34
You're watching TVP and today's Tuesday, March 3rd, 2026.
4:37
We are live from the TVP and ultra temporal technology, the fortress of Fridays, the capital of capital.
4:41
Let me tell you about ramp. com.
4:43
Time is money, save both easy to use corporate cards, bill pay, accounting, and a whole lot more all in one place.
4:48
And you know who's going to need a ramp card?
4:50
[applause] David Ellison, cuz he owns Warner Brothers now.
4:52
So, David, if you're listening, just just do it. Just onboard to ramp.
4:57
We have a fantastic show for you today, folks.
4:59
Let's pull up the linear lineup because we got it's Hollywood day basically on TVP.
5:04
And we got Matthew Belloni from Puck.
5:06
He's the founding partner coming on to help us understand David Ellison's mission with Warner Brothers Discovery, Paramount, HBO, CNN. He's got CNB and CBS. He's got everything now.
5:21
Then Ken Burns is coming on to talk about his whole career in filmmaking.
5:26
And of course, we have a fantastic >> film. Film, yes.
5:30
>> For anyone listening that might be like myself.
5:33
>> Quickly, linear is the system for modern software development.
5:35
70% of enterprise workspaces are linear using agents.
5:39
Film is the process of capturing images digitally or using celluloid.
5:43
Do you know about celluloid? This is right, right? Right?
5:47
The filmmakers in the back know.
5:49
So, you you used to used to need a specific chemical process.
5:52
You'd probably be very hands-off on this process, but you used to create a strip of of film with the thin clear and you put some chemicals on it and then when light hits it, it it what? What does it do?
6:07
It makes if if a lot of light hits it, it makes it black and then that's the negative and then they flip that around by shining light through it to then expose the final picture and then you get a beautiful movie that you get to watch at the cinema.
6:22
Interesting to know how Netflix will change their tune on theaters.
6:25
So, Ted Sarandos has been basically trash talking movie theaters for a long time being like Netflix is the future, tech is the future.
6:33
He hasn't been super rude or anything, but he's been like it's not really key to our strategy.
6:38
Then as soon as he was in the deal for Warner Brothers, he was like, "Yeah, the theater is amazing. It's not going anywhere.
6:43
Like we're we're excited to invest."
6:45
And we will we'll talk to Matt Belloni about how long that lasts until he starts talking trash again.
6:52
But he's already Netflix is up 22%.
6:56
>> The stock The shareholders hated the idea. They hated the idea.
7:00
Loves to watch your enemy to overpay for a handful a basket of legacy assets. >> Yeah.
7:07
There is another thesis on why Netflix stock has mooned and it's it's mostly around this concept that Ted Sarandos just stunned in a pair of jeans at the SAG Awards. So, look at this. I mean, you see this?
7:21
How can you not want to buy the stock?
7:23
This is not financial advice, but you see a guy pull up in a fit like that, you're like, "This is going to moon. I got to get in. I'm going turbo long. I'm top blasting."
7:32
You're you're you're buying the dip. It's different.
7:34
You're top blasting and you're buying the dip when you see a man pull up in $2.
7:38
8 billion jeans because that's the amount of money that Netflix got wired >> [laughter] >> because of this deal.
7:45
That was the breakup fee.
7:46
For some reason, I had it in my head that the breakup fee would be the other way. Not too shabby.
7:50
In fact, Netflix got paid and and Matthew Belloni got 1,000 likes on this post.
7:55
So, my question is is there's a ton of debt going into this deal.
8:01
Will I be able to watch The Sopranos on Netflix?
8:03
Will I be able to watch The Dark Knight on Netflix?
8:04
It's a complicated question because content licensing deals are not they're not one-size-fits-all.
8:12
They're they're subject to windowing and and certain markets.
8:15
So, if if Netflix has really high penetration in Germany and HBO doesn't, it might make sense to license it there but not elsewhere.
8:23
But I just want to know broadly like what what do we expect from Paramount, Skydance, Warner Brothers, Discovery, CBS, CNN? Like what is their plan?
8:34
>> TNT >> [laughter] >> I think they have Shark Week now, right? That's in Discovery.
8:37
They got the Food Network on HGTV.
8:39
HGTV watch the Property Brothers.
8:42
Maybe on Netflix one day, who knows?
8:46
But this is like the most extreme scenario.
8:48
We we talked about a post where someone was like, "Oh, like, you know, masterful 3D chess.
8:51
They got Netflix got Paramount to overpay for this and now they're going to be so indebted because the deal got so big that they're just going to have to come to us and license 100% of the catalog on day one."
9:04
I don't know if that's true.
9:06
So, I wanted to dig into it. Let's talk about it.
9:08
So, just to recap and set the table, David Ellison, who is the chairman and the CEO of Paramount Skydance, agreed to raise his offer for Warner Brothers Discovery to $31 a share.
9:19
A lot of people, myself somewhat included, thought that Netflix was at least going to counter a little bit but they folded immediately.
9:26
And so, the co-CEOs, Ted Sarandos and Greg Peters, they didn't counter and they said, "You got it. Wire us the 2. 8 B." And they did.
9:35
So, the result is that David Ellison is handing over $111 billion in exchange for Warner Brothers, HBO Max, CNN, and the other cable networks.
9:43
There was this whole political angle in DC about how interested would Trump be in the deal?
9:48
And apparently, uh as soon as he found out that that Netflix was not interested in the cable TV assets, he became less interested in the deal cuz I think he he watches a lot of news, but he probably doesn't watch a lot of Batman reboots and doesn't really care what happens there.
10:04
And so, you know, it's just like a different thing.
10:07
It's like, you know, he's not turning on the latest DC cinematic user universe film and be like, "They're taking shots at me."
10:12
But if he turns on CNN and they're taking shots at him, he's like, "I care about that." Right?
10:16
So, uh so, in terms of the financial situation, they're levering up.
10:20
They took our advice when we started the show, we told everyone, "Rule number one is lever up." And they did.
10:29
So, Paramount is already levered uh 10 billion in net debt. >> Yeah. To the gills.
10:36
Uh 10 billion in net debt.
10:36
It's like 13 billion, but they have 3 billion in cash.
10:39
So, 10 billion in net debt, 3 billion of adjusted EBITDA with which to service that debt.
10:45
Reasonable, but still pretty high leverage, 3x.
10:47
Paramount will be adding 60 billion of debt.
10:49
So, all combined, the company will have something like 70 billion of net debt, 79 billion of total debt with roughly 12 billion of adjusted EBITDA.
10:59
And so, when you're operating north of 6x leverage, uh that leads to different decision-making.
11:05
Higher discount rates, higher interest rates.
11:07
It can shift the focus to near-term cash.
11:09
So, Netflix is a logical counterparty here because it can pay, it has the cash, it has a lot of cash flow, uh to pay for global rights at scale, and is has a long history of paying top dollar to deploy capital to known franchises.
11:23
And also, uh Netflix is in a particularly interesting financial position.
11:28
So, uh they've been an incredible case study for operating leverage, a true overnight success, something like 20 years grinding up grinding up the subscribers, grinding up the revenue, investing more and more in content.
11:43
And if we can pull up the chart, either scrolling down on the tvpn.
11:47
com newsletter or going to the third post in the timeline, you will see the small bar the red bars are the revenue.
11:56
And the and the little dots that have the numbers on them, which you can't really see, uh show how much they're investing in content.
12:03
And so, for a long time, for something like almost uh from 2002 to 20 2018, so 16 years, Netflix was like, "We made a hundred million, let's make a hundred million dollars with the content.
12:21
Let's buy a hundred million dollars with the content."
12:22
And then they were like, "Wait, we made a billion dollars?
12:25
You're never going to guess what we're going to spend on content."
12:29
Exactly one billion dollars.
12:29
And then they were like, "Okay, we made we made ten billion dollars?
12:34
This is going to shock you, but we're spending ten billion dollars on content."
12:36
And so, they would just spend exactly what they made on content. Um but that changed.
12:41
That changed in 2019, 2020, COVID, the amount of uh uh the amount of subscribers spiked, the amount of revenue spiked, then they launched the ad model, took them a while to figure that out, but eventually worked.
12:54
And the business kept growing, the top line kept growing, but they ran out of stuff to buy.
12:57
They ran out of stuff to make, and even though they were paying, you know, top dollar for all these different assets, uh they sort of held their content budget flat, their revenue went up, and that's of course operating leverage.
13:09
So, profits profits to pay for Warner Brothers Discovery assets potentially.
13:12
And so, they have the money to spend, uh but also they're direct competitors in streaming with Paramount Plus and HBO Max.
13:18
And so, there's a question about how friendly will they be?
13:23
You know, you you if you license all the good HBO stuff, people will unsubscribe from Max. Yeah. Yeah, or Paramount. Or Paramount. Yeah, exactly.
13:33
>> It just It just makes the Paramount subscription offering less competitive. Totally. Totally.
13:36
So, it's this delicate balance.
13:38
balance. There's also, potentially, and this was from the president of Fox, um there's potentially the idea that regulators might attach a condition to the deal, or at least uh signal or put pressure that uh the combined entity
13:52
should maintain its uh its tradition of licensing and selling content to third >> Yeah, Lachlan uh yesterday said uh this is Fox uh CEO Lachlan Murdoch expects that regulators will impose a third-party content licensing condition on Paramount and Warner Bros. Discovery
14:06
Discovery uh $110 million merger.
14:11
Uh he said, "We wish them the best of luck.
14:12
We've seen this regardless of whether it was Netflix acquiring Warner Bros.
14:15
Discovery or Paramount acquiring Warner Bros.
14:18
Discovery, there will be conditions put on this transaction, which would require a producer of that size to continue to sell their content to third-party platforms." Uh this was yesterday. Yeah. Uh up in SF. Yeah.
14:31
Uh So, I I had I ballparked it at like maybe 70% chance that in the next 2 years there's some sort of meaningful content licensing deal between uh Paramount, Warner Bros. Discovery, and Netflix.
14:45
And so, uh but I do think that there will be limited windows.
14:50
Uh some selection in markets where content is available, and uh pretty much everything will be non-exclusive.
14:54
So, if if if if, you know, some, you know, like the original Dark Knight trilogy goes on Netflix, it'll probably still be on HBO and on Paramount Plus.
15:03
Um the real key brand assets, like The Sopranos and the DC Universe uh properties, those are much less likely uh to be to be licensed.
15:11
And there's basically no world where Netflix gets the first streaming rights to like tentpoles.
15:17
You want to maintain those.
15:18
You want to give the super fans a reason to stay subscribed, begin a subscription on your now two streaming platforms.
15:25
Um there is a lot of potential upside for the Ellison [snorts] empire.
15:31
I think of this like buying a house and then getting a roommate.
15:33
Like you you you you're levered up, you got a crazy mortgage.
15:38
>> That's such such a good example. [laughter] Right? You you you buy a house.
15:42
>> large, but But you got a roommate. Yeah.
15:44
And the roommate's Netflix and they're paying the rent to you, you pay the mortgage.
15:48
>> kind of hate your roommate.
15:49
>> You kind of hate your roommate, but But you're long the real estate market and then as you get promotions, as you get more cash flow, as you get more adjusted EBITDA, you can pay your mortgage.
15:59
And as you pay your mortgage down, you wind up with a really cool asset, which is this nice house that actually has the extra bedroom.
16:06
>> They're like, "Look, we had a good run.
16:08
I really love the way you would put dishes in the sink and not [laughter] do them.
16:11
I really love the way you would watch movies loud into the night and yell." >> Yeah.
16:16
Uh but I think it's time for us to >> for you to move out.
16:19
And I'm going to take the mortgage myself.
16:20
I'm I'm good I'm good for the full the full the full bill every month. I'm good.
16:24
Uh but but there are a lot of similarities, right?
16:28
Because what are you getting with Warner Brothers?
16:30
You're getting a whole library of of IP that's very valuable, potentially for like 100 years.
16:34
Porky Pig is from 1935 and I still know this guy's name and I know like I I could draw a picture if I needed to.
16:42
Um and so and so if you believe that intellectual property will have a very very long life time life life span and it's and it's incredibly valuable, but you but you have to finance it with debt, you have to work really really hard to pay the bills in the short term.
16:58
You could wind up with a really great asset even if you have that roommate for the short term.
17:00
Um the other interesting question was what does this reveal about the Ellison family's world view for the future?
17:08
Because on on the one end of the spectrum, you have Larry Ellison, who seems incredibly AGI pilled.
17:13
He's going crazy into AI data centers. You disagree with this?
17:19
Well, I I think remember I think we did like the the chart of who's the most AGI pilled or not. >> versus AGI pilled.
17:24
So, he he needs AGI, but he's not AGI pilled.
17:28
>> Why is he not AGI pilled?
17:28
Oh, just because of his rhetoric and he he just doesn't do any podcasts. Get him on Dwarkesh. Yeah. Yeah, yeah. We'll see what he says.
17:35
Maybe his timeline's like ASI next month, you know? Who knows?
17:39
>> I yeah, his actions in terms of data centers is obviously very AGI pilled. Does he have a Mac Mini?
17:43
That's the real question.
17:45
Um Funding data centers is is generally aligned with a future where AI is an important technology.
17:51
>> Yeah, levering up massively, right?
17:53
>> Yes, levering up on the >> that AI is going to be big, right?
17:54
Yes, yeah, yeah, exactly.
17:55
He believes AI is going to be big, but then he also believes and and or or you know, in concert with David his son, believes that that AI will not destroy legacy Hollywood assets.
18:06
That like no matter how many no matter how many dollars you have, no matter how much compute you have, no matter how many generations you can use the latest video model, you will not just to be able to create a you know, a superhero that kids will dress up as at Halloween. And I think that's true.
18:24
And I believe both of these. You don't?
18:27
You're going to be dressing up as Slot Man next next >> Slot Man. next uh Halloween. >> Slot Man.
18:31
>> You're going to be like, "Oh, you don't know this superhero that I prompted myself and no one knows but me.
18:35
It's a It's a highly Don't you know the the internet's highly personalized now?"
18:42
>> you can dress up as like uh a superhero who who has like these black ears [clears throat] and like looks very similar to Batman, but it's not Batman.
18:51
The non-IP infringing Batman.
18:53
>> the yeah, the >> Literally describing Slot Man.
18:54
Yeah, [laughter] Slot Man.
18:57
You're going to [clears throat] dress up as the knockoff Slot Man.
19:00
I don't think anyone's going to do that.
19:01
I think I think Batman, Superman, Aquaman >> media becomes like every piece of media that the audience gets smaller and smaller.
19:06
Everything becomes more more and more personalized.
19:09
I like maybe yeah, like I think AP IP still has like a fairly big role in that, but >> Yeah.
19:14
you want to be on the cutting edge.
19:16
>> there's there's still going to be a world like shelling points and like things that like yes, I can have a video that's perfectly tailored to me, but I like talking about movies with Ken Burns.
19:27
>> They're calling you Teemu Batman.
19:27
Yeah, Teemu Batman over here.
19:29
Get out of here, Teemu Batman.
19:33
Uh I don't know, but but so maybe that's not your worldview, Tyler, but it's clearly the worldview of the Ellison family because they believe in this barbell effect.
19:40
They believe in the value of Yeah, I would I would I would you know, another way to look at it is like you could get this hyper-personalization, but it could be around existing IP. So, you get to Yeah.
19:52
watch a personalized version of Batman content that's targeted just for you individually, but the kids are still dressing up as Batman.
20:02
>> already seen a glimpse of this with with with with video games.
20:03
There are video games that leverage existing intellectual property, but allow you to customize your character in some way.
20:12
Put more skill points into in intelligence and cast spells versus strength and use a sword, right?
20:16
strength and use a sword, right? Like like you can have your own experience if you play even even like the Arkham Batman series, it's pretty linear, but you can play it more aggressively, you can play it more stealthily, and you can experience a Batman world that is more
20:33
stealth focused or more fighting game focused and and that allows you to experience something that is unifying and we can discuss okay, you played the same you played the same game as me, you understand the same character as me, but we had a different experience and I think AI accelerates that and makes it more more more valuable, not less. I I don't I I don't know.
20:52
I I I'm I'm I'm somewhat pill on this, but I respect your your your differing worldview that you will be enjoying slot math. >> [laughter] >> Enjoy.
21:02
So, by the loosest counts, this is the ninth or 10th time that Warner Brothers has changed hands since it became an independent movie studio in 1923.
21:15
There's some of those acquisitions that have been like divestitures or reorganizations within other companies, but but just like a fascinating thing and and I do I do think that David Ellison is going to go the long distance with this.
21:29
I think with a little careful financial management and probably some few a few content licensing deals like this might be the last one.
21:35
It might it might he might he might be running this organization for his entire career.
21:39
He's been working in in Hollywood since he was a kid and has been very dedicated to this particular industry for a very long time.
21:47
And so I don't think he's going anywhere.
21:50
And so get ready for a whole bunch more content.
21:53
Apparently they're going to make like 30 movies a year like which is a dramatic step up.
21:57
I think that they're going to try and actually ramp up the production.
22:00
>> sure that's not per day? I hope so.
22:00
With AI it's totally possible.
22:03
As long as Tyler over there is buying tickets to see Slot Man number 17 Revenge of the Slot Man I think that there's money to be printed.
22:12
Let me tell you about >> Revenge of the Troth.
22:14
Lambda is the super intelligence cloud building AI super computers for training and inference with scale from 1 GPU to 100 >> Slot Man 2 Revenge of the Troth coming to >> is going to hit kind of brakes for sure.
22:27
Let me also tell you about vibe.
22:29
co where DC Brands B2B startups and AI companies advertise on streaming TV.
22:32
Pick channels target audiences and measure sales just like on meta.
22:36
>> And if you are inspired by the whole Netflix Warner Brothers saga you should head over to the Goodwill in downtown Brooklyn.
22:43
Tom from Vanity Fair says for $14.
22:46
99 you can Zaslav Max this spring.
22:50
They're selling a nice Port Authority puffer vest from Warner Brothers Discovery. That is a good pickup.
23:01
Zaslav is a deals guy, Hall of Famer, for sure.
23:05
He was involved in launching CNBC.
23:09
He also helped create MSNBC, became the CEO of Discovery in 2006, uh and uh just a whole bunch of other crazy deals.
23:16
Uh love to have him on the show once all this uh once all this settles down.
23:19
Like his full career is is fascinating and uh he's been he's been loved, he's been hated, he's been everything in between.
23:28
Lots of people have opinions, but uh there's no way to be unhappy if you've been riding with him as a shareholder because he got every penny out of this thing. He certainly did.
23:39
According to the Washington Post, there was a researcher skeptical of Havana syndrome.
23:43
So, he tested a secret weapon on himself.
23:46
In 2024, a Norwegian researcher skeptical that pulsed energy weapons could do damage to human brains, built a device and tested it on himself. It didn't go well. So, >> crazy.
23:57
he built uh built it, tested it.
24:00
Working in secrecy, working in strict secrecy, a government scientist in Norway built a machine capable of emitting powerful pulses of microwave energy.
24:09
And in an effort to prove such devices are harmless to humans, in 2024, he tested it on himself.
24:14
He suffered neurological symptoms similar to those of Havana syndrome, the unexplained mal- malady that has struck hundreds of US spies and diplomats around the world.
24:26
Yeah, we don't know how to make scientists like this anymore.
24:27
This is uh extremely bullish for the tinfoil hat industry.
24:34
Because I believe that the the the the actual underlying basis for the idea of a tinfoil hat, of course we use it uh somewhat sarcastically here uh when we're discussing hypothetical conspiracy theories, but uh the tinfoil hat is supposed to eliminate microwave radiation and various EMF pulses.
24:50
And so, uh if you're worried about getting Havana syndrome, maybe you pick up an EMF proof tin foil hat, or maybe just some sort of other There's probably a better way than just tin foil around a ball cap, but uh startup idea startup idea build a real tin foil hat that actually protects you from Havana syndrome.
25:11
That's the real American dynamism.
25:13
Startup uh Thomas Maxwell says we have to stop this.
25:15
I'm not eating a quote Jacob. Eat a Jacob.
25:17
I haven't seen this one before.
25:21
It's 20 g of grass-fed protein, no seed oils, nothing artificial, sweetened with organic honey.
25:29
This definitely resonated. 24,000 people agree.
25:33
Uh but uh I think there's Tyler, you should you should do a taste test of all the different protein bars named after just regular dudes.
25:42
David bar, the Jacob bar, there's probably more. You got to get on it.
25:47
There There are a lot of these.
25:50
Uh the >> [snorts] >> Yeah, the name I mean Lucy, named after person.
25:53
Uh it was a whole trend for a while. It was.
25:58
Uh Cursor would like a word. >> Yeah.
26:00
This This was staggering. This was great. It's crazy.
26:02
Uh they uh they came out yesterday.
26:06
Uh they had they had heard the FUD on the timeline around Cursor.
26:12
Uh they came out yesterday and uh Bloomberg got some of their data.
26:15
Their annual revenue topped 2 billion uh in February according to a source, a figure that underscores the fast growth of the uh coding assistant.
26:25
Uh Sasha summed it up well.
26:29
He said, "Cursor sees the timeline turning against them."
26:31
Quietly give Bloomberg a 2 billion ARR press release, no post from the company or founders. Haters squashed.
26:38
True Comms masterclass and Michael Truel uh actually did come out this morning and says, "We believe Cursor discovered a novel solution to problem six of the first proof challenges, set of math research problems that approximate the work of Stanford, MIT, Berkeley.
26:58
Cursor's solution yields stronger results than the official human-written solution.
27:01
Notably, we used the same harness that we built a browser from scratch a few weeks ago.
27:04
It ran fully autonomously without nudging or hints for 4 days.
27:10
This suggests that our technique for scaling agent coordination might generalize beyond coding.
27:16
Uh so a very very cool to see the progress from them and and uh clearly uh doing something right in uh in the enterprise, right?
27:26
Just because like everything that you see on the timeline is like totally so many so many enthusiasts.
27:33
>> buddies is uh Kyle Russell.
27:33
I worked with him like a decade ago.
27:36
He's at a company called Valen.
27:38
Um and he posted So uh Valen uh they make SaaS for mortgage services.
27:46
He says it's very boring.
27:48
Uh but we're basically getting them all to flip from legacy software uh and are rate-limited by BizOps people being able to onboard them.
27:56
Uh so we're going to try instead to think about it in terms of what tokens do we need to extract from the org in order to deploy fast.
28:00
So he's in this like AI deployment lead role and he went I think pretty viral saying this morning uh one person on his team said, "Hey, can you unsub me from Cursor?"
28:10
And and somebody says, "Done."
28:13
And then a bunch of people said, "Same same. Like I don't need it.
28:15
I'm like uh like I'm I'm happy with another program."
28:18
And Kyle said, "Today we announce we're removing 90 Cursor seats uh because they haven't had any use in 2 weeks."
28:25
And it is like it's flipped from like the the most cutting-edge thing to uh like it's clearly very sticky because you see the you see the ARR numbers that uh this like ultra-frontier coolest hottest thing uh is getting some like FUD.
28:43
And then Sasha broke this down where he was like, "The timeline's turning turning against him."
28:46
So, you have to provide some evidence that like you're not cooked because like the timeline is very much like, "Oh, well, like you're not the hottest thing anymore.
28:54
You're not the coolest little little thing for like the people that are on the most frontier."
28:58
And so, no you know, just squashing the haters with a 2 billion ARR number, which is fantastic.
29:04
>> Up from 1 billion in Q4, which is which is just insane.
29:08
>> Yeah, and so yeah, I mean I I think like there's just something about the It goes back to diffusion.
29:14
We were I was debating this with Tyler last night about you know, how much of how much of AI adoption is just actually getting the forward deployed engineering, actually getting people to change their workflows, onboarding.
29:25
Like there are there are certain people that will just bounce from the most frontier thing. Oh, this model's better. I'm on Codex. I'm on Claude. I'm on Codex. I'm on Claude. Back and forth.
29:34
But for a lot of companies, they need a little bit more hand-holding.
29:38
And so, there's a whole massive chunk of the economy that can be transformed by developing great products and then actually getting them in the hands of businesses.
29:47
R for Rock is hearing Cursor maybe in the midst of a new raise at 50 billion. That's crazy BIA. Yeah.
29:53
Uh meaningful markup from 30 where they were sitting uh again in in Q4. Yeah.
30:01
Um What what does DD say?
30:02
Everyone in the tech X bubble thinks they are wholesale ditching Cursor, but enterprise diffusion is glacial.
30:09
Most of the world just got a hold of it. It's a good point. It's a very good point.
30:14
Well, in some good news, Mark Zuckerberg has purchased a mansion in Miami for $170 million.
30:24
This was such big news that we had to pull it forward to the mansion section from Friday to talk about today.
30:27
But there is a little bit of a black pill here. We can go into it.
30:32
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30:51
So >> No, of course Mark got this because of California's wealth tax, which it feels like if it goes through, he would still be subject to >> Yes. at least a one-time Yes.
31:00
payment pri- you know, which would which would get litigated, of course.
31:03
Uh what we need now is a picture of him in his backyard recreating the Ben Affleck smoking meme. We what?
31:10
Because there's this new national wealth tax >> [laughter] >> that Ro Khanna and Bernie Sanders are pushing.
31:18
So he's like he just he just moved he just got this new place across the country. >> Yeah.
31:23
Probably overpaid to to a degree.
31:26
People are just going to be like, "Actually, I live in international waters full-time.
31:29
I don't live on I don't live in America.
31:31
I don't live in any country, actually. I live in space.
31:33
I live I live on the International Space Station or something." Uh very very tricky.
31:37
Uh $170 million sounds staggering.
31:38
By a 5% tax on Mark Zuckerberg's wealth over $11 billion, that should have been his shopping budget.
31:46
Because in in dude math, if you save money, you just have a free license to spend it.
31:52
So you're like, "By moving to Florida, I'm I'm effectively saving myself $11 billion. I can spend that, right?
31:58
[laughter] Isn't that how that works? Uh Exactly.
32:02
>> Meta chief executive Mark Zuckerberg and his wife, Priscilla Chan, have paid $170 million for an under-construction mansion on Miami's sought-after Indian Creek Island. The deal closed Monday.
32:12
The purchase set a record one of in one of the country's most expensive to date.
32:17
The current US record is held by billionaire Ken Griffin.
32:18
He spent $238 million for an apartment.
32:24
That is a crazy amount of money for an apartment, but I guess it's in a good building.
32:29
>> It's a lot of apartments.
32:29
The Florida record was set last year when a waterfront comp- compound in Naples traded for $225 million.
32:34
I feel like this isn't counting Ken Griffin's uh compound that he's building cuz he's built >> Yeah, cuz it's multiple properties. >> multiple properties.
32:43
>> Okay, here's where it gets crazy that the sellers are Dr.
32:44
Aaron Rollins, a cosmetic surgeon to the star, and his wife, real estate agent Marine Rollins.
32:51
The Rollinses paid more than 30 million for the roughly 2-acre site in 2020.
32:56
>> Wow, flipping I mean real estate agent going going to go up against them.
33:00
They know what they're doing.
33:01
Plans called for nine-bedroom home measuring about 30,000 square feet with a dock and a swimming pool.
33:06
Amenities were to include gym, hair salon, and massage room, as well as a 1,500-gallon aquarium and library with a secret passageway.
33:15
>> Zuck does need a hair salon in his house cuz he's always changing his hairstyle.
33:18
Sometimes he's got the Caesar going, sometimes he's got the fro going.
33:20
So this is this is elite for him.
33:22
Who knows what he'll go next.
33:24
Maybe he'll have long flowing locks like Fabio.
33:26
That would be that would be the good next move for him, I think.
33:29
How how many gallons is the aquarium? 1,500. Is that a lot?
33:33
It doesn't seem like that much.
33:37
What can you put in there?
33:37
Can you put a shark in there? No way. >> fish. How big is the fish?
33:40
How big is Keith's Keith's aquarium is massive in Miami.
33:45
You can you can scuba dive in it to clean it up.
33:48
Anyway, congratulations to the Zuckerbergs on their new property. It looks beautiful.
33:53
And without further ado, we have our next guest in the Re-Stream waiting room.
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[music] How are you doing? What's going on? Doing great. Thanks for having me. Thanks for hopping on. >> Happy to have you. Great to meet you.
34:12
I enjoyed your your your podcast with Dylan earlier today, and I wanted to dig further into the actual merger.
34:20
I mean it seems like we're sort of done now.
34:23
But how how is the how is the process of covering this been for you?
34:28
What were the key turning points?
34:28
Like what was the most exciting for you?
34:32
Well, I'm learning a lot.
34:32
Certainly didn't know what a ticking fee was until covering this deal.
34:36
Uh learning a lot about the debt market, learning a lot about uh the contours of raising money in the Middle East, all sorts of fun things.
34:47
Um but yeah, it's I mean it's been a wild moment in Hollywood for the past 5 years, basically.
34:53
It's it's a time of tremendous change, tremendous disruption.
34:58
A lot of people are really scared and don't know what's going to happen.
35:04
So, it's I mean it's been it's been interesting, for sure.
35:10
Is that uh is that just a combination of like COVID plus streaming plus consolidation plus AI, or is there like one story that sticks out to you?
35:22
>> If you can throw in a pretty crippling labor strike in the middle of that, and uh it's been one thing after another.
35:30
About 5 years ago, the end of the peak TV era, the Netflix correction where the market decided that Netflix had to make money, streaming subscribers was not the end-all, be-all.
35:41
That created a an absolute correction, and pretty much I would call it a content recession within Hollywood, and that's trickled down throughout the industry.
35:52
Fewer jobs, fewer productions.
35:54
You add that in with the flight of productions overseas, the everything from the strike that happened in 2023 which gave these companies an excuse to really reevaluate the level of production.
36:08
Um throw in the LA fires that disrupted so many different people. Yeah.
36:13
And it's you know, you guys are in LA.
36:15
It's it's it's a really interesting and and for many people scary time. Yeah.
36:20
Uh explain the overseas thing, because I I'm I'm familiar with Atlanta and I believe Toronto, uh but are productions really moving to other continents now? Oh, yeah.
36:32
I mean, the UK has been extremely aggressive.
36:34
They have for many productions they have 40% incentive, and they're willing to give you incentives on what's called above the line costs.
36:44
Those are the actor, director, writer.
36:47
Those are the main talents in the film.
36:50
That is a huge incentive because it essentially subsidizes you for Tom Cruise's salary, Ryan Gosling's salary.
36:58
And even in some of the more aggressive US states, you won't get that in California. >> Mhm.
37:03
Um so, you know, it it just it's a game changer.
37:05
When they are doing the line, I just reported on this movie today. Yeah. Project Hail Mary. Yeah.
37:08
An Amazon movie that's coming out in 2 weeks.
37:13
The gross budget for that movie is $248 million.
37:18
The actual net budget is a little under 200. >> Okay.
37:22
So, you're saving 25% >> Yeah.
37:25
by shooting this movie overseas. >> Interesting.
37:27
And uh and do those come as like tax credits up front, or is it more like uh tax deduction on profits where if the if the movie costs 250 to make and it makes 500, then I'm saving 25%?
37:41
Or do I just get the money basically up front? It it's a rebate. I'm actually not sure.
37:45
I think it depends on when you actually receive it, but it's a rebate for the qualified spend in the jurisdiction that is giving the incentive. Yeah.
37:55
>> So, if you are going to get an incentive from the UK, you actually have to have the work done in the UK.
37:58
And that means hiring local crews.
38:01
It means using a sound stage in the UK.
38:03
And having the you know, the production actually shoot there.
38:08
And you can have films with multiple incentives from multiple jurisdictions for multiple aspects of the production, everything from the post-production to visual effects.
38:18
Those that can be subject to incentives for doing the work in a particular jurisdiction. Mhm.
38:26
Uh really quickly, I think we have the wrong mic selected.
38:27
Would you mind adjusting it?
38:29
Uh because I think we're on your laptop mic and I'd love to get that sure SM7B working because I know it has higher audio quality. If you can switch it.
38:39
And while you look at that, I will tell the audience about Shopify.
38:42
Shopify is the commerce platform that grows with your business and lets you sell in seconds online, in store, on mobile, on social, on marketplaces, and now with AI agents. Any Uh we doing there. Is that better? No. No? Almost.
38:59
>> [laughter] >> Uh almost better? You're flipping them. >> Um It's okay. >> How about Let's see. same as Any luck? How about this? Is this better?
39:11
>> Oh, that's much better. >> go. There we go. I really did it. Okay.
39:15
>> Wow, you you have sound effects. I'm very jealous. >> yes. We have a lot of fun.
39:18
I wish I had an air horn.
39:19
Some of these are not sound effects on a sound board.
39:21
Some of these are real folks in the studio clapping with their hands.
39:24
We have both Yeah, I I I can't be trusted with an air horn.
39:29
>> [laughter] >> Yeah, yeah, we had a lot of fun.
39:29
So, uh talk about the reaction.
39:31
I know that uh we we talked to Ashley Vance, who's a documentary filmmaker, and he was voicing a little bit of worry that if Netflix acquired uh Warner Brothers Discovery, that there would be one less buyer.
39:42
And is this any better for the average filmmaker who wants to go out and get the best price for their product, for their for the film that they've been working on?
39:52
Are we still telling the same consolidation narrative, or is this somehow structurally a little bit different?
39:58
Um I it depends who you talk to, >> Mhm.
40:00
but I would argue that this is actually worse for creatives because this is the actual smooshing together of two legacy studios.
40:08
When you talked about Netflix buying Warner Brothers, Netflix is not in the theatrical movie distribution business currently.
40:16
They do not do movie theaters. Yeah.
40:18
So, there was a certain class of movie that was going to remain a Warner Brothers movie.
40:26
Now, Netflix makes a lot of movies on its own, but those are often smaller.
40:29
They are not They don't have as much ambition as the big theatrical movies.
40:34
They do some of those, too.
40:34
But, that Netflix was at least positioning it as we are going to leave Warner Brothers alone.
40:40
They also were not in the production business in television for other buyers.
40:45
Everything that Netflix made was for Netflix, whereas Warner Brothers makes shows for its own platform, HBO Max, but also for Apple, and for Netflix, and for many other different platforms.
40:57
So, they claimed that that would be at least another opportunity for buyers.
41:00
Here, with Paramount buying Warner Brothers, this is going to be the combination of two television studios, the combination of two film studios, and ultimately down the line, that is going to mean fewer jobs.
41:14
Now, if you talk to the Paramount people, they say they are committed to making 15 movies for theaters for each Warner Brothers and Paramount.
41:23
That's 30 movies a year, which would be an escalation for both of those companies.
41:28
So, they're saying they're going to be more, but the history of the movie business has shown that when two studios merge, ultimately, the output is reduced.
41:36
And that trickles down to creators.
41:39
What do you think about Net- Netflix's future theatrical plans?
41:44
Ted Sarandos was talking about the future of movie theaters, painting a more optimistic vision.
41:52
Do you think any of that sticks?
41:52
Do you think >> billion burning a hole in the pocket.
41:56
Yeah, I mean, I I I don't think Ted is going to use that 2.
42:00
8 billion dollars to all of a sudden make movies for theaters. I I just don't think so.
42:04
I think it's going to be a continuation of their current model, which in many ways is designed to put the theaters out of business.
42:11
It's designed to give you first run A-list filmmaker, A-list star movies at home.
42:19
Even 10 years ago, a movie like The Rip with Matt Damon and Ben Affleck, that would have had a nice robust theatrical run before hitting home video. Not true with Netflix.
42:28
Now, what Ted is saying is that they have had some constructive stunt experiences with theaters lately.
42:35
They put K-Pop Demon Hunters in theaters.
42:37
They've done a couple of other things.
42:39
They did Stranger Things in theaters.
42:40
And I could see Netflix doing more of that, using theaters essentially as a marketing device for Netflix.
42:46
But I don't see Ted all of a sudden saying, "Oh, you know, through this process of looking at Warner Brothers, we have determined that the theatrical model is a good one, and we're going to all of a sudden give our movies a 45-day theatrical window."
43:00
Don't think that's happening.
43:02
And do you think uh how much of that do you think is Netflix uh just well, if we have the we have a crown jewel asset, we want people to go subscribe to Netflix and see it there first versus a lot of times they don't know what's actually going to work, and the beauty of the Netflix model is that they can stuff something like K-Pop Demon Hunters on there.
43:22
It can effectively like go viral in their algorithm, and they don't need to do the billboard campaign, the theatrical rollout, and take all that risk.
43:30
So, focusing more on like downstream, we got something that's already working.
43:34
Let's make a musical sing-along version or a promotional version for theater. Yeah.
43:39
That is absolutely the benefit.
43:39
And Sarandos has said multiple times that the best marketing platform for Netflix content is Netflix.
43:45
Now, I I recently had the head of Sony Pictures on The Town, and he, I think correctly, said, "You do not make stars on Netflix.
43:53
You do not make franchises that last for decades on Netflix."
44:00
And the way you do that is in movie theaters with a big robust marketing campaign that tells the world about the product so that even if you don't see the movie, you are at least aware of it.
44:13
So, that when a sequel comes out in 4 years, maybe you see that one.
44:17
But, if a sequel to a Netflix movie comes out, nobody except the people on Netflix know about it. >> Yep. Yeah, yeah, yeah.
44:24
I I saw Ryan Gosling on the Hail Mary billboard, and I was like, "Oh, like we should go see that."
44:30
And somebody was like, "Well, what is it?"
44:31
And I was like, "It's a Ryan Gosling movie." >> [laughter] >> Right. >> What else do you got?
44:35
And that's a That's a perfect example.
44:36
I mean, Amazon had the choice whether to make movies just for Prime Video or to do theaters.
44:42
They are going big on theaters this year with a full slate of theatrical releases, and they and many others in town believe that the best way to create movie franchises and to create demand is to first put the movie in theater and then debut it on the service.
45:00
Yeah, that's interesting.
45:00
It reminds me of uh like a apparel brand doing pop-ups specifically.
45:05
Not not as like a real revenue driver, but to just deepen relationship with their Now, don't get me wrong.
45:12
These traditional studios, they need these movies to make money in theaters.
45:16
That's their whole business, and the reason you are spending 50 to 100 million dollars on a marketing campaign globally is to generate profitability in theaters, and then you get the waterfall, we call it in Hollywood.
45:27
The waterfall of revenue that first you go to premium video on demand, then you go to subscription video, then you go to TV, then you go to free TV, then all of a sudden you're syndicating the content all around the world, and it's in your library forever.
45:40
The reason why Warner Brothers is going for 111 billion dollars is not because they had a nice run in theaters last year, or because HBO has had some hits lately.
45:49
It's because they have a 100-year-old library of films that is incredibly valuable to exploit across all platforms.
45:59
And because HBO has an amazing brand. Yeah.
46:01
So talk about content licensing at the new entity, the combined entity.
46:06
Uh, it feels like with $79 billion of debt, cash flow is going to be important in the short term.
46:13
What's the probability that we're watching The Sopranos on Netflix or watching something from the catalog on Netflix in the next couple years?
46:20
>> It's funny because The Sopranos has been the one title uh that Netflix has not gotten. Yeah. And HBO has kept that.
46:25
Not the not the one, but the one big one that everyone's waiting for. >> Yeah, yeah.
46:30
And you know, the this is the debt issue is not new.
46:32
The Warner Brothers Discovery transaction, putting those two companies together, that created 50-something billion dollars in debt.
46:41
And they needed to make money fast.
46:43
And the past 3 years have largely been about servicing that debt and bringing it down.
46:47
So you've seen tons of Warner Brothers shows and movies on Netflix.
46:52
And they do it because they have to.
46:54
I mean, at one point last year, I looked on the Netflix top 10 and six, I believe, of the 10 movies in the top 10 were Warner Brothers titles. >> Yeah. Wow.
47:04
And they do it because they need the money.
47:05
I mean, we know Sony Pictures just did a re-up of their pay one deal.
47:11
We'll call it pay one because it's the first pay platform for subscription viewing of these movies.
47:17
They got $7 billion out of Netflix over a long period and globally, but that is for the first run pay one window for Sony Pictures movies to go to Netflix. Incredibly lucrative.
47:30
That's what Netflix was buying when they wanted to buy Warner Brothers.
47:34
So Sony and Netflix already have this relationship.
47:38
Is there any chance that Sarandos goes shopping with his $2.
47:39
8 billion bonus and all the cash flow that he has?
47:44
He's sort of, you know, kick the tires on one big deal.
47:47
Is Sony Pictures in play at any point in time?
47:52
The Sony Corporation in Japan has said that they are not interested in selling Sony Pictures.
47:56
Um, it would seem to be the obvious choice because Sony is the one Hollywood studio, the traditional studio that does not have a general interest streaming platform.
48:05
They chose not to enter the streaming wars, and that would make it an attractive buy for Netflix because Netflix doesn't need a global streaming service. They already have one.
48:16
They could pick off the Spider-Man franchise.
48:18
They could pick off, you know, all the production and distribution capabilities that Sony has for theaters.
48:24
Would seem to make sense for Netflix, but there has been no indication that Japan is willing to sell. Yeah.
48:31
Uh is any part of the Ellison's strat- does AI kind of factor in at all?
48:38
I've heard this kind of like uh uh loose theory that uh this this IP, Warner Brothers IP, uh could potentially be more valuable as AI gets better because you can create so many different variations on top of that IP.
48:56
Uh but it's >> It's also unique. It's not replicable. That's it. That's it.
48:59
It's like you have a monopoly on the IP, and if it becomes substantially less expensive to create uh new film and and television, you know, uh TV shows, movies, etc.
49:09
, maybe the IP is more valuable.
49:12
Uh but but what's your take?
49:16
Yeah, I have always thought that one of the reasons why Netflix wanted Warner's was because they saw what's going on with YouTube and the volume of content that YouTube is soon going to be able to host and eventually create themselves.
49:33
And Netflix is saying themselves, "Okay, so if anything is possible in streaming, and with AI you can create AI-generated shows, music, content, movie stars, whatever, what are we doing?
49:46
What do we have that is defensible here?
49:48
And they're looking at Warner's, and they're saying, "Okay, well, we don't have a Batman.
49:52
We don't have Harry Potter.
49:54
We don't have, you know, this 100-year-old library of known quantities that cannot be replicated by AI, at least not yet. So, we need that.
50:06
And Netflix has had a hard time creating franchises.
50:08
If you can count on one hand the Netflix franchises, the things that they own that are meaningful in the world.
50:16
Stranger Things, they own.
50:18
Wednesday, they don't own.
50:18
Amazon actually owns The Addams Family because they bought MGM. Oh.
50:23
There are not that many franchises.
50:25
You guys probably don't even know what they are. Yeah. Yeah. Wow.
50:30
Yeah, yeah, it's fascinating.
50:30
Uh, can you take us on a tour of who is actually involved financially in this deal?
50:36
You mentioned that it's it was sort of like a whirlwind tour in the Middle East, a lot of different funds coming in.
50:41
I imagine that it's some overlap with the tech investors that we typically talk about on this show, but Yeah, yeah, Apollo is in this. Yeah.
50:48
Um, I believe Blackstone is.
50:51
I'm not I'm not 100% There are three big PE firms that are providing a lot of the the debt financing >> Yeah. here.
50:58
Um, and then there's an interesting question of whether the Middle East money that was initially floated as being part of this deal is still in there.
51:09
There was there was a Saudi fund, there were Qataris, there was one other fund, and they were not in the press release. Okay.
51:16
So, uh, I actually need to ask Gerry Cardinale of RedBird Yeah.
51:21
uh, whether they are still in this deal Sure.
51:23
because, uh, RedBird has been kind of the the, you know, big con- financial backer and consultant on on raising this bid together. Yeah.
51:30
And obviously, Larry is backstopping the whole thing.
51:35
This we would not be having this conversation about a a company with a $15 billion market cap, which is Paramount Skydance, acquiring a company like Warner Discovery in a $111 billion deal if not for the backstopping of Larry Ellison himself. Yeah.
51:51
And that was the key factor.
51:53
He didn't want to personally backstop it.
51:55
And then once he did, the levers started moving.
51:57
Yeah, what is Larry Ellison's history with investments in Hollywood?
52:03
I know it's not just David that's been involved.
52:07
He's He's invested before.
52:07
Obviously, David has has, you know, almost multi-decade career at this point.
52:15
What what what's been Larry's strategy?
52:17
What what can we learn from his past adventures in Hollywood?
52:20
>> [clears throat] >> It's a good question because people think this is out of nowhere.
52:23
And it's all of a sudden Larry Ellison deciding to dip his toe into Hollywood.
52:27
Although if you can call over $100 billion dipping your toe. Big toe.
52:30
But he's dipping the big toe. Right.
52:33
But Megan Ellison, David's sister, she had a very artistically successful production company called Annapurna, which she still has.
52:43
But there was a period in the 2010s when she was the dominant producer of so-called arthouse and you know, independently financed auteur-driven movies.
52:56
And she actually got two Oscar nominations in the same year for herself for best picture. Wow.
53:00
When she had I believe it was Her and The Master in the same year.
53:06
And she's done I mean she's done a ton of movies with big-time auteur-driven filmmakers.
53:13
And then the wheels came off.
53:16
She just lost too much money.
53:16
And Larry basically had an intervention with her and said, "The money's not coming in anymore. You're done.
53:24
I'm not doing this anymore."
53:26
And he had his people step in, they pulled way back, they downscaled the company, and Annapurna still exists.
53:35
They had a They had a big Sundance movie this year directed by Olivia Wilde and starring Seth Rogen.
53:40
But they're not doing a whole lot.
53:43
So, if we learn from this, it's that Larry is happy to indulge his children, but there is a limit on what he's willing to do. And she hit that limit.
53:52
We you know, we'll see what happens with David.
53:55
Yeah, is Sorry, Jordan, you can go.
53:57
If you Uh just just I'm I'm curious if if I mean, it sounds like Annapurna had a very different uh just financial underwriting strategy in the sense that Warner Brothers is very much like this basket of assets that are so proven. Oh, yes.
54:16
>> [clears throat] >> Yes, it's high leverage.
54:16
Yes, it's expensive, but it's this mortgage on land that if you pay the bills on time, you will get the value of cuz there's this catalog value that you can license, you can continue to merchandise these assets.
54:31
So, it feels like a different financial strategy. Absolutely.
54:33
I mean, there aren't a lot There are not a lot of legacy studios with 100-year-old libraries sitting around.
54:39
It is a pretty unique asset, whereas Annapurna was creating its library from the ground up, which is a much diff more difficult business.
54:48
The The you know, the corners of Hollywood are littered with the corpses of companies that tried to take on the studios and do this on their own >> Yeah.
54:58
because you have to have that 100-year-old asset to float you when you have bombs because this is a portfolio business in the sense that if you release 20 movies, 10 of them probably not going to make money if you're lucky. Yeah.
55:12
And it's you got to make a lot of money on the ones that do make money, and those will make money forever. >> Yeah.
55:18
Can you bridge that to A24?
55:22
We're more familiar with that because there's some tech investors involved.
55:24
I I personally like a lot of the movies, but what what is the strategy of A24?
55:29
How do they fit into the modern Hollywood landscape?
55:33
A24 has been incredibly successful on the low-budget model.
55:36
They They are one of the few film studios that have created a brand for themselves.
55:41
I would argue that the A24 brand is more meaningful to moviegoers than the Warner Brothers brand.
55:51
I mean, everybody knows what Warner Brothers is, but what does Warner Brothers stand for? What is that brand?
55:57
You don't really know, and you never had to know because that was just the It wasn't a direct-to-consumer business.
56:05
They put their movies on other branded platforms, whether they are theaters or whether they were television or now streaming on HBO Max.
56:12
But A24 has created a brand.
56:16
They sell, you know, branded candles and hats and things that are meaningful to their fans.
56:22
But they succeeded They succeeded on uh betting small on on specific auteur filmmakers, and they had a nice run.
56:34
They also raised a bunch of money, as you mentioned, and they have recapitalized a couple times now.
56:38
And because they got Well, I believe it was a $3.
56:43
5 billion valuation a couple years ago, they have essentially now been forced to go bigger.
56:52
And they are releasing movies.
56:52
Marty Supreme cost $70 million.
56:56
Uh The Smashing Machine with The Rock, that also cost a lot more than their typical A24 movie.
57:01
And they're still buying the small movies at the festivals and releasing smaller movies, but they now have more of a portfolio of bigger-budgeted movies, and the jury's out on whether that model is going to be successful for them because again, once There's many companies that have had small-level success in Hollywood, and when they try to scale up and compete more directly with the traditional studios, they've faltered.
57:26
And we'll see if A24 is able to pull it off.
57:29
They got really smart people there, so I I would hope so.
57:34
What is actually What is Hollywood actually doing with AI today?
57:40
Not like what do they want to do, not what are Silicon Valley companies pitching them on doing, but how is it actually being used today?
57:49
Well, there's two answers to that question because there's one in the general what is AI doing for all businesses, and that is, you know, streamlining processes and, you know, creating faster workflows.
57:59
That's all the boring aspect.
58:02
What you're probably asking about is how is Hollywood using AI to create content?
58:08
>> Instead of in place of a camera is basically what you're >> And there it has been much more limited.
58:14
There the the toe is in the water, and each of these companies has a an initiative to incorporate more AI specifically and and more and more aggressively in the animation divisions.
58:27
The goal is to bring down the cost of animated movies significantly, and you do that by using AI to automate a lot of different functions.
58:34
And they're being coy about exactly how, but I have heard like the storyboarding process and the physical production of the animated images once the artists have have done their work to create the character design and the movements they want, AI can be used to essentially effectuate a shot.
58:54
And you're seeing more and more of that.
58:59
Where they're treading a little bit more cautiously is where the traditional labor unions are involved, where actors and directors and writers are involved.
59:10
You're not seeing studios green-lighting scripts that are written by AI. You're just not.
59:14
Screenwriters are using AI as a tool. >> they know of.
59:19
>> That they know of, sure.
59:19
But they are screenwriters are using AI as a tool, and they will freely admit that, much like they were very happy to use Google when it first came about and they didn't have to have a researcher that would go to a library and tell them what the interior of the FBI looked like.
59:34
They don't have to do that anymore and with AI they can create scenarios or create drafts or create things that they that will help them.
59:43
And they all that the guilds want is for their members to get paid.
59:47
So, the studios are not allowed to buy a script or greenlight a script without paying a human writer. And that's a big deal.
59:56
It's the same for actors.
59:58
You can use AI to accentuate or to uh you know, do a a a a quick reshoot shot, but you have to pay the people involved.
1:00:08
And we're headed into a new labor negotiation where the studios will try to chip away at that and the guilds are going to try to be more aggressive and make sure that their members are getting paid for any use of AI here.
1:00:22
Uh where do you think AI what kind of scenes do you think AI will end up coming for first? Is it the the Animation.
1:00:30
>> the stunt will animation but then what what about stunt men?
1:00:32
I feel like there's a There there's >> Transformers level CGI where it's so expensive. >> yeah. Visual effects. Visual effects.
1:00:39
>> yeah. Visual effects. Visual effects. Is do you think that the dynamic between the studios and the guilds could allow kind of like an entirely alternate kind of uh like industry to form that that is sort of broken away from from traditional Hollywood norms like you
1:00:57
know, uh you could imagine a group of uh people in you know, uh some suburb of LA that that aren't a part of the guilds that have never never engaged with the unions in any capacity just decide we're going to start making movies ourselves and kind of just ignore uh the legacy process. >> that's already happening, right? I mean,
1:01:16
>> that's already happening, right?
1:01:16
I mean, you see it, but the difference is I I we all went nuts over that uh that sea dance video of Brad Pitt and Tom Cruise fighting.
1:01:27
Um but that's because it was Brad Pitt and Tom Cruise.
1:01:29
If it was two dudes fighting, nobody would care.
1:01:32
If it was two AI-generated dudes that did not look like Brad Pitt and Tom Cruise.
1:01:36
And that's the power that the Hollywood people have. Yeah.
1:01:40
Yeah, it's I mean, there's going to be I think what's going to happen is there is going to be a class system of AI-generated content that will live and have an audience and generate revenue at scale, but it will be perceived as lesser than the more professional and union-supported Hollywood-style work.
1:02:02
And I could be wrong about that.
1:02:05
It could just bowl over everything, but there's still value in Ryan Gosling's face.
1:02:09
And for now, the unions and the Hollywood studios have been able to protect that from AI. Yeah.
1:02:18
Yeah, you can imagine, you know, the the luxury houses versus fast fashion, like a similar dynamic playing out where like, yeah, you can get a jacket that like functions in the same way as something that Gucci made.
1:02:30
Maybe it's the same even material, but it costs less and it has obviously much less prestige.
1:02:38
>> And and I think that there there will be a middle ground, too, where movies that the cost of movies are is brought down because of advances in AI, where things can be done without, you know, outsourcing something to five artists to work on it, a visual effects company for 2 months.
1:02:54
It could be done in-house for less money with an AI tool.
1:02:57
I think that's that that that's already happening, and there are much lesser guild protections for that aspect of the business. Mhm.
1:03:09
Uh post the OpenAI Disney deal, I was expecting to see another deal of the similar shape happen. It hasn't happened yet. Are you hearing rumors?
1:03:19
Do you think other studios with big intellectual property uh and and character libraries will take a similar approach?
1:03:29
I think that there are a lot of talks going on. Yeah.
1:03:31
And they're trying to figure it out.
1:03:33
Disney was in an interesting spot there because it was it that deal with OpenAI was as much about putting pressure on Google Mhm.
1:03:40
to come to the table and to not go rogue as Google has been doing >> Sure. as it was to do OpenAI. Got it.
1:03:50
>> Also, there was a pre-existing relationship there.
1:03:51
Bob Iger, the CEO, was he worked for Thrive, which you know, is is a big investor in OpenAI. Yep.
1:03:58
And Disney is, you know, if you're going to go after one company, that's the one to go after because they have the best characters.
1:04:04
And if you know about that deal, that deal does not include any voices or any likenesses of real people.
1:04:11
Even though Luke Skywalker is the animated Luke Skywalker. >> Yep.
1:04:16
So, it's a lot less compelling for people to play around with.
1:04:18
If you're playing around with Lightning McQueen or Yoda and they don't sound like Lightning McQueen or Yoda, it's a lot less compelling than if they did. Interesting.
1:04:28
Yeah, that'll be interesting to see how they roll that out.
1:04:30
Uh maybe that happens down the down the road.
1:04:33
Uh Jordyn, anything else? We're sure. >> was great.
1:04:35
Thank you so much for taking the time.
1:04:37
>> Great to finally meet.
1:04:37
Great to finally meet you. Happy to do it. Fantastic reporter.
1:04:40
>> And uh come in in person next time.
1:04:42
Yeah, we'd love to have you here since you're in LA. We'll talk to you soon.
1:04:45
Listen on the town or you can read me at Puck. Yes. >> Perfect.
1:04:48
Uh thank you so much for hopping on the show.
1:04:50
We will talk to you soon. Goodbye.
1:04:54
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1:05:10
Credit where credit is due.
1:05:10
China nailed the Bonneville aesthetic with their Antarctic research base, Qinling, Chinling?
1:05:18
Okay, these are just renders, though, correct?
1:05:21
>> This is what they're thinking about building.
1:05:23
>> it was real, I'd be telling Tyler to get a get a boat immediately.
1:05:29
Tyler was in Arizona over the weekend and sent us a very cool picture of him out at TSMC. >> review. Did you feel the power?
1:05:35
Did it feel like visiting Iraq? >> the heat?
1:05:39
Yeah, it was like 91° extremely hot.
1:05:43
It was massive massive facility.
1:05:45
They're still building like that there's like there were two kind of main sections.
1:05:49
I I couldn't actually tell like what parts they were.
1:05:50
There were signs there there were a bunch of fabs.
1:05:53
I I think I took a picture next to like fab 21 or something. Wow.
1:05:55
Um but there's like there's so much building going on.
1:05:59
Um and it's just like it's basically north of Phoenix.
1:06:01
And so there's like 10-mi radius where it's just like basically just empty land.
1:06:06
They're they're flattening the desert. >> Woah.
1:06:10
Um but yeah, very very cool. Gift shop? Really fun to walk. Any gift shop?
1:06:14
No, they didn't let us in.
1:06:16
There's a like a ton of security around at every gate.
1:06:18
I I wanted to like go in and like take a tour or something.
1:06:21
>> to get I want to get a a wafer that didn't make it through quality control and and get some of the chip uh the chip CEOs to sign those.
1:06:29
I think a Lisa Su signed a TSMC wafer would be amazing or or a Morris Chang signed wafer.
1:06:38
That would go pretty pretty hard. I would love that. Love it. Uh moving on. The What is it?
1:06:43
The the the the billionaire tax has gone national. Has gone national.
1:06:50
Um Bernie Sanders is proposing bringing it to the United States broadly at the federal level.
1:06:54
Bad news for everyone who migrated to Miami or Florida because it is going to follow you wherever you go.
1:07:02
Ro Khanna and Bernie Sanders are proposing a national wealth tax on billionaires going even further than California.
1:07:08
They want 5% unrealized wealth tax to be annual. Every year. Every year.
1:07:15
That would be seriously problematic.
1:07:17
>> running the numbers on on like, "Oh, if Jeff if this tax had been in place since 1999, Jeff Bezos would still be worth 61 billion and he could still afford his $500 million mega yacht."
1:07:29
Just like not actually like processing all the negative externalities of something like this.
1:07:36
So, Yeah, I just I just it would be into like a like a PE backed like shell pretty quickly because you lose control, right?
1:07:44
Yeah, that or or Amazon never even gets the the level of investment that it got because of capital flight.
1:07:50
I I would be so much more sympathetic to Ro Khanna and Bernie Sanders on this if they had like, "Here's five case studies where wealth tax is works. >> works.
1:08:00
And like they can't come up with a single one. >> Yeah.
1:08:04
And so it just feels like 50% over 10 years, that is a lot.
1:08:08
Uh but the implementation of this tax would ultimate ultimately create wealth flights, says Chris with withins.
1:08:17
Uh the wealthier wealthy because they fight to preserve their wealth.
1:08:19
So, in year one, the base is already decimated.
1:08:22
Then every single year afterwards, the remaining billionaires leave or hide their assets.
1:08:25
Meanwhile, the markets are all declining all this time because they see that America has been infiltrated by wealth-destroying communist. Chris is not a fan.
1:08:35
Uh Bernie Yeah, Dave Freiberg has a bunch of kind of good good content around that.
1:08:38
Talking about how uh there's something like 8 trillion of billionaire wealth and 160 to 170 of middle-class wealth.
1:08:47
So, that is the real prize pool. >> Yeah.
1:08:51
And uh and again, hopefully hopefully our lawmakers and uh voters process how ridiculous this is. >> Find another way. >> and reject it.
1:09:03
>> write the balance sheet of the US government.
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1:09:22
Clu Clu Show Investments says here, "The market is only down 0. 08% year-to-date.
1:09:27
Things must be really calm, right?" This is actually crazy.
1:09:30
If you asked me where the market was and I hadn't looked, what is this from? What movie is this? Is this AI or something? This is a crazy scene. I really like this.
1:09:39
This is a good This is a good meme template.
1:09:42
I haven't used this before.
1:09:43
Uh just RPGs [laughter] just flying around. >> war.
1:09:47
It is [snorts] all out war.
1:09:47
I mean, a lot of stocks are down like 50%, other stuff's way up.
1:09:51
Uh things are all over the place.
1:09:53
It has been absolute turmoil.
1:09:56
A lot of uh a lot of red red days in our favorite companies. Is it from Maze Runner? Oh, maybe. Maze Runner. Okay.
1:10:05
>> Uh GoPro is one of the stocks that is particularly far down.
1:10:08
We did a deep dive on GoPro very early in the show's history.
1:10:12
Uh they are now at a $150 million market cap.
1:10:15
Josh Wolfe has a has a quote here.
1:10:18
"GoPro's global market share of action cameras dropped to 18% as of September 2025 compared with 84% in 2022 according to Beijing based consultancy Meritage Services.
1:10:30
At the same [clears throat] time, DJI share rose to 66% and Insta360 is up at 13%."
1:10:39
Yeah, so this is an account of Meritage Services.
1:10:41
>> out executed on the product side, but cell phones are uh probably even a bigger factor here, kind of capping the the overall TAM.
1:10:47
Cell phones at some point just got really durable and the video quality got really good.
1:10:52
I remember back in the day skiing or snowboarding, I was a little bit more hesitant to be like I'm going to take my iPhone out and use it while skiing and and just because it wasn't like waterproof and then they got waterproof.
1:11:07
They They got really durable and most people aren't good enough at what they do to actually warrant needing like you know effectively bulletproof But dust collection problem is very real with action cameras.
1:11:21
You buy it thinking you're going to be doing you're going to be shredding going downhill.
1:11:25
You're going to be surfing and then you go you go for a hike once the video's kind of underwhelming and then it collects dust.
1:11:34
Skiing this weekend a friend of mine I didn't see any GoPros among my friend group.
1:11:38
One friend of mine was wearing the Meta Ray-Ban Vanguards and enjoyed taking videos and images with those.
1:11:46
I've been seeing a lot of Meta Meta Ray-Ban content on Reels.
1:11:51
It feels like they're promoting that.
1:11:53
They have a little tag and it feels like that's getting a little boost in the algorithm.
1:11:59
So if you're Reels creator maybe go maybe go pick up a pair and then post some stuff on the algorithm because you might get a little boost.
1:12:03
But should Meta buy GoPro?
1:12:09
150 that's like what 1/10 of an AI researcher and you get a whole suite of products and I have I just have no idea if they would get anything through approval.
1:12:17
Like it just feels like this is a company that you can't do a zombie acquisition with because you need the assets you need the IP you need the supply chain you need the products the distribution.
1:12:27
You need the whole company and Meta can't acquire like a VR fitness company without getting disapproved.
1:12:35
Granted it's a different FTC so who knows but if you were Mark Zuckerberg and you were trying to get into the action camera market broadly with Meta Ray-Bans would you buy GoPro for 150? Absolutely not. Absolutely not.
1:12:52
>> with you partner with Oakley. Partner with Oakley.
1:12:54
>> It's a better It does exactly >> Yeah, it's it's it's just They made a pair of Oakleys, the action sunglasses, that function just as well as a GoPro for 99% of people. >> Yeah.
1:13:07
And it's integrated with your phone. >> Yep.
1:13:09
And you can watch Instagram reels while you're back flipping off of in the in the terrain park.
1:13:13
Uh but the crazy thing GoPro still did somewhere around 670 million of revenue last year, so they're trading at at uh less than uh a quarter uh times uh [snorts] revenue.
1:13:29
Uh but uh absolutely brutal out there.
1:13:31
Some other people were suggesting like a foundation model lab should acquire the company for like in a in that that felt like a uh That feels like a stretch. a uh a silly silly idea. I don't know.
1:13:40
Um Doomer says the past looks more like the future than the present does.
1:13:47
Let's pull up Let's pull up this. What is this?
1:13:51
Uh PM's Phoenix, an expandable van you can build for $2,000. >> This is sick.
1:14:00
What What What company is this? PM's? What How old is this?
1:14:04
Is this AI generated or something?
1:14:06
This looks like incredible.
1:14:09
Most companies and most campers and vans these days that are roomy enough to live in are too large for comfortable driving.
1:14:15
Conversely, the compact, fun, drivable rigs are usually too small to live in.
1:14:20
And no matter what its size, the seller will probably want all the money you have now plus most of what you'll make in the next 5 years. This is good copy. I like that.
1:14:31
>> Yeah, so this was in Popular Mechanics in 1978. This is a good daily.
1:14:35
Someone should pick this up.
1:14:37
>> sat on a Volkswagen mini bus chassis.
1:14:40
I like that they restyled the the front cab as well.
1:14:44
Um someone's someone's uh mentioning that the the Cybertruck camper back end looks pretty similar.
1:14:50
Um but it still feels odd to take an electric vehicle into the wilderness.
1:14:57
I don't know why because you it's not like you're bringing a bunch of not like there's a gas station out in the middle of nowhere, but uh I would this would give me range anxiety even though I think that's uh deeply fake at this point. Uh new model alert. >> New model alert. What we got?
1:15:12
Introducing Logan's introducing Gemini 3.
1:15:14
1 flash light a huge step forward on the boundary of intelligence beating 2. 5 flash on many tasks.
1:15:21
Uh Tyler, you should try to do a speed check.
1:15:25
Open AI also came out this morning with 5. 3 instant. >> Okay.
1:15:32
Uh touting uh increased accuracy.
1:15:36
Is this in uh is this in ChatGPT because I feel like I've had 5.
1:15:40
3 in Codex but not in uh but not Oh, I got Yeah, I have 5. 3 instant in chat. openai. com now. Interesting. >> I do not yet. >> Very cool.
1:15:53
Uh and then they're also teasing 5. 4. They say 5. 4 sooner than you think. So. Let's see. 5.
1:16:02
3 instant is designed for very, very low latency.
1:16:04
It it uh it still feels slower than the Cerebrus response that I got from 5.
1:16:09
3 spark because I think that the Cerebrus chips although they are uh are the although they are faster, they're probably in more limited supply, more relevant to uh the long-running coding agent models.
1:16:25
And so um they are uh still rolling that out, but I'm excited for uh Cerebrus in uh in ChatGPT as a product. And and yeah, 5.
1:16:33
4 sooner than you think with a capital T. Mhm. Very fun. Interesting.
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1:17:00
Kalshi partnered with Bezel >> Oh, yeah.
1:17:03
to allow people to trade price movements of iconic watches.
1:17:07
So, we can pull up this video.
1:17:10
Here, this basically allows you to trade on what the on the prices of Rolexes for the month month of March.
1:17:20
Basically, is price going to move up or down?
1:17:22
So, Quade over at Bezel has been telling us about this one.
1:17:27
So, you could you could in theory buy a watch on Bezel and then take out a short position on Kalshi and have a market neutral Submariner or something, right?
1:17:37
Because if the price goes up, you >> It's not just any sub.
1:17:40
It's a market neutral sub. >> neutral.
1:17:43
Because if the market crashes, you make money on Kalshi, but you lost money on the watch, and you're neutral.
1:17:48
So, you can hedge yourself now. That's very bizarre.
1:17:51
>> Yeah, I saw somebody I saw somebody pushing back and being like, "Oh, you can This is silly.
1:17:54
You could just buy the watches and actually trade them."
1:17:59
But obviously, uh it's it's quite a bit more complicated.
1:18:04
Well, you can't sell one that you don't have.
1:18:06
Now, you can short watches effectively. True.
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1:18:16
And I believe we have Ken Burns in the Restream waiting room.
1:18:21
So, we will bring him into the TVP&L stream. What's going on?
1:18:25
Ken, thank you so much for taking the time to join us today. How are you doing? >> My pleasure. I'm great. Great to be with you.
1:18:31
I would love to start with the first project you worked on ever because I'm I'm fascinated your career has such clarity but finding a life's work is often the hardest part of going on the type of journey that you've been on and I'd love to understand um who you were as a child, where you found a love for filmmaking, for documentary work, for history and sort of go through from there.
1:19:03
Well, it was born in tragedy.
1:19:03
My mom had cancer almost all of my life and uh died when I was 11.
1:19:09
And a few months later when I was 12, my dad who had a pretty strict curfew would allow me to stay up late at night on watching TV shows even on a school night and he started to cry at a at an old movie called Odd Man Out.
1:19:22
And right then and there I never seen him cry before not when my mom was sick or not you know when she was when she died and not at the terribly sad funeral and and all of a sudden I said I want to be a filmmaker.
1:19:34
filmmaker. That meant Hollywood but I ended up going to Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts a brand new and experimenting still there still experimenting school and most of the teachers were social documentary still
1:19:46
photographers and reminded me there is as much drama in what is and what was and all of that sort of combined by age 22 um to realize that I had a latent and untrained interest all of my life in American history and 50 years later I'm still doing the same thing. How walk me through your process? Do you
1:20:02
How walk me through your process?
1:20:02
Do you have a Do you have a list like has your filmography played out the way you would have predicted a decade ago?
1:20:12
How many How many How many twists and turns have you run into in your career? Um zero.
1:20:19
I mean obviously life throws a lot of stuff at you.
1:20:22
I live in rural New Hampshire.
1:20:25
That's what I made a decision to live New York leave New York City because I thought that becoming a documentary filmmaker strike one in American history, strike two, on PBS, strike three, meant I'd taken a vow of anonymity and poverty.
1:20:36
And I moved up here, finished the first film on the Brooklyn Bridge, got nominated for an Academy Award, and everybody said, "You're coming back."
1:20:43
They'd warned me that if I went up there, I'd die.
1:20:45
If I If I If I stayed, I would die.
1:20:47
And I've I I listened to neither, and it's made all the difference.
1:20:52
So, I've been able to, working in public broadcasting, where I couldn't have made any other films, any of the films, any place, but yeah.
1:21:00
Uh one foot tentatively in the marketplace, the other very proudly out, that I've been able to have director's cut for the next 40 films, all of which have been broadcast first on PBS, streamed on uh PBS.
1:21:11
So, it's it's it's been good.
1:21:13
So, you you might have a 10-year plan with lots of different projects.
1:21:16
Sometimes you may, before you'd really gotten into something, switch one subject to another, but we've been hitting the marks for a pretty long time.
1:21:25
The real struggles are within these, and you want to leave the kind of room to experiment, to be thrown a curve, and to figure out how to do it.
1:21:34
The recent film on the American Revolution, which now has over 4 billion minutes of watching, the first time PBS first time PBS ever entered the the top 10 of streaming programs at the end of November with what I thought was a ridiculous number, 565 million minutes, is now over 4 billion.
1:21:51
So, there's some pent-up curiosity about who we are, where we've been, particularly what our origin story is.
1:21:58
Uh So, it's it's been a long, interesting thing, but every single one of the films a director's cut, and that's only possible because I've stayed in public broadcasting.
1:22:07
And then in public broadcasting, I imagine, we were just talking about uh some of the changes that are happening in Hollywood, and how there's often a pressure to go bigger, and that usually means bigger budgets.
1:22:19
Okay, you you made a $20 million film, your next one's going to be 70 million.
1:22:23
Uh how have you thought about where where the business changes, what more money means, what more success, what more confidence means?
1:22:33
Are there How is How is the business side of your work evolved throughout your career?
1:22:38
Well, we've we've tried not to let the technological tail wag the dog to pick up one aspect of your excellent question.
1:22:46
You know, we waited 10 more years when many of my colleagues had already switched to digital editing around 1990. We waited till 2001.
1:22:53
We didn't stop film until 2009 and then switched to digital stuff cuz we didn't want that tail to wag the dog.
1:23:02
Um at the same time, our model is um you know, an interesting one.
1:23:06
It's it's all grant funded. We don't have investors. So, you write a budget. It pays for your salary.
1:23:13
There's no profit margin. There's no contingency.
1:23:15
And you empty that bucket.
1:23:17
The film's either got to be done or you got to be raising more money.
1:23:20
So, they're very expensive.
1:23:20
These are labor-intensive things, particularly when you take um you know, 10 years to do something like the Vietnam War or this American Revolution.
1:23:30
So, they're pushing $30 million.
1:23:33
At the same time, I raise it all so I retain that creative control and I relieve PBS of the burden of having to fund more of it than they they already do.
1:23:43
And so, it's it's a kind of a good situation that to be in and it's really outside of the pressures of the marketplace.
1:23:49
So, I don't think about increasing budgets.
1:23:51
I can go from a $30 million budget to a $10 million and I'm still These budgets are high for my contemporaries, but they don't get to spend.
1:24:00
And look, I could have gone They might save self all the trouble of raising say $30 million for the Vietnam series that came out in 2017, 10 and 1/2 years.
1:24:09
I spent 10 of those 10 and 1/2 years raising money for it.
1:24:14
I could have gone into a streaming service or a premium cable and gotten all that money in one pitch, but they wouldn't have given me 10 and 1/2 years. And that's the point. I can't tell the Yeah. That's great.
1:24:50
Has fundraising gotten any easier?
1:24:54
Is it Is it just as hard every every time?
1:24:58
Did you ever Did you ever kind of Did you ever kind of hit hit a moment where where you decided to maybe pick up return the calls from people that wanted to be more traditional financial backers in a particular No.
1:25:10
No, because this the sacrifice in control is it.
1:25:12
Um you know, so we as the film's got longer, you know, in the beginning the first film on the Brooklyn Bridge cost $180,000.
1:25:22
I probably made 2 cents an hour over the 5 years I did it.
1:25:25
So there are more zeros on the other side.
1:25:29
So I guess it's proportionally harder.
1:25:29
I do have a good reputation uh one I wish to maintain.
1:25:33
And so we're not looking for compromises or ways to sort of get that cash in hand.
1:25:38
You sort of part of the duty of running the marathon is to run the marathon.
1:25:42
And the reward is in not only crossing the finish line, but every single moment along the way, the million steps that you take where one part of you is saying no and another part, maybe weak voice, is saying yes.
1:25:57
And so these are often really complex, you know, struggles in which the analogy of a million problems is not an exaggeration.
1:26:06
Uh you just can't see a problem as pejorative.
1:26:08
You just see it as inevitable friction to be overcome like picking up that step and and and making another step.
1:26:14
After the adoption of digital editing, what was the next technological advance that you found useful? I don't know. I'm a Luddite.
1:26:25
Um I don't I don't know what I'm doing on your show, but I'm really glad you I'm really glad you reduced it to to initials cuz you know, what is there's nothing people say PBS nothing could be less you know, sexy than that but technology business programming network.
1:26:47
PFC has behind it Kentucky Fried Chicken.
1:26:50
You know, I knew all my life for most of my life what it was now it's KFC and I kind of but this is a really good move.
1:26:56
No, I I I went reluctantly to digital editing because during the '90s a lot of the interns that would come and work for us.
1:27:04
They could see working in analog as some sort of badge.
1:27:06
But about halfway through the '90s I realized these kids want to be race car drivers and I'm telling them how to shoe a horse.
1:27:14
It just doesn't make any sense.
1:27:16
And so eventually almost for them we switched to digital editing.
1:27:18
It's been an incredibly interesting.
1:27:20
There are still some things, you know, stuff I might tell my editor that I knew would take 2 weeks now take you know, 2 days and things that take 2 days take 2 hours and things that took 2 hours now take 2 minutes and there's you think there's salvation in that way running to daylight there but there are as many traps as many places of quicksand.
1:27:42
So you just want to be sort of careful about about how you approach it.
1:27:47
>> What is your opinion on digital restoration of archival footage, archival imagery?
1:27:53
Technology seems to be advancing there and yet It's just terrific. Yeah.
1:27:58
There are a lot of risks.
1:28:00
You know, a lot of filmmakers are going back to original film masters.
1:28:06
They are taking a digitized thing and one of the reasons why is that you You have a one and a zero which is absolute in one way, but as you change the programs, you need to have the machine that did the original thing, and now they're not there, they're in a museum someplace, and you have to go get that thing and figure it out.
1:28:22
So, I know some filmmakers that are I I I can't do it just economy-wise because I've got 250-plus hours of programming, you know, and that's reels and reels.
1:28:33
Every half hour is about a reel, um you know, of stuff.
1:28:37
You can do the math yourself.
1:28:39
There's probably, you know, you know, 500 hour 500 reels in all of this.
1:28:44
So, it's almost a prohibitive expense, and so you're hoping that your next iteration of masters will be able to read not only the contemporary films that you're working on, but the ones you made 20 years ago and updated.
1:28:57
But, the restoration part of it, to be able to painstakingly do that sort of stuff, is has been really terrific.
1:29:03
Can you tell me the story of the Ken Burns effect? Yes, sir.
1:29:08
It's pretty It's pretty interesting.
1:29:10
I got a call in November of 2002 from a guy claiming to be Steve Jobs.
1:29:16
You know, and I went, "Okay, yeah, right."
1:29:18
And then I realized very quickly it was Steve Jobs.
1:29:22
>> [laughter] >> I live in rural New Hampshire. I said, "Okay."
1:29:25
Uh he said, "Would you come and visit me?" And I said, "Yeah."
1:29:27
So, a few weeks later in early December of 2002, I visited him um in Cupertino at Apple headquarters, and he ushered me into a room with two engineers, and he showed me this stuff.
1:29:39
And as I said, if I'm a Luddite now, you can imagine what I was like in 2002.
1:29:43
You know, I could barely do word processing.
1:29:45
And um he said, "So, look, we've figured out a way to download or upload, whatever it is, your pictures that you take, and that we can do all this."
1:29:55
And he showed it to me, and I was kind of like, "Okay."
1:29:58
A a fairly superficial version of what I've tried to do to wake up the past, not just, you know, visually to explore energetically the surface of the of the of the photograph you're doing in a way the feature filmmaker I used to want to be has a master shot, a long shot, a medium shot, a close, a tilt, a pan, a reveal, insert of details.
1:30:18
But here was just a very simple sort of panning, zooming through stuff.
1:30:23
You could add it you press a button and add a music thing.
1:30:26
And and I said, you know, okay, cool. You know, whatever.
1:30:31
>> [laughter] >> And and he said, well, you know, next month in January 2003, every Mac computer from now on will have this. I said, okay, cool.
1:30:40
And [laughter] then he said and then he said, and we want to keep the working title.
1:30:45
And he I said, what's that?
1:30:48
And he goes, the Ken Burns effect.
1:30:49
I said, I don't do commercial endorsements. And he went, what?
1:30:51
And the two engineers kind of blanched.
1:30:53
I think they were, um, you know, aware of this titanic temper, which I never saw. And he come with me.
1:31:01
So we go back to his his office.
1:31:03
We talked for a while and we ended up becoming friends till the rest of his life.
1:31:05
And when I was in the valley I'd stay at his house on the futon above the garage in the flats at Palo Alto and knew his wife and his daughter.
1:31:14
We even gave an internship to his daughter Lisa, um, the famous Lisa.
1:31:19
And, um, you know, it was a terrific friendship.
1:31:22
But what I did is I walked out an hour later with about a million dollars worth of hardware and software, which I turned around and gave to nonprofits.
1:31:31
Usually Final Cut Pro to schools that needed it, um, you know, computers that that nonprofits needed it.
1:31:39
I think a couple fell off the truck cuz we needed a computer.
1:31:42
But but I >> [laughter] >> but 99.
1:31:44
9% of it went went to a good cause.
1:31:47
And I think he was intrigued and but he in a world in which it was a all a one or a zero for him.
1:31:52
Or somebody would say, okay, I'm going to you know, you should charge.
1:31:56
And the world tells me, oh, you should have charged him for this.
1:31:58
I said, then he called it and zoom effect.
1:32:02
I wasn't interested in having my name on it in so far as it could help other stuff and it ended up, you know, giving me and and a way too short in that regard a really a really good friendship with, you know, not arguably one of the five most important people in the United States in the last 150 years. It's workable.
1:32:22
What's what is your process for truth seeking and understanding history?
1:32:33
So I have in my editing room and I've had for years and years and years a lower case neon sign that says it's complicated.
1:32:40
>> [snorts] >> I in cursive.
1:32:42
Um And that can mean a lot of things.
1:32:43
One is when a filmmaker has a scene that's working you don't want to touch it.
1:32:46
But finding out new and destabilizing facts obligates you to do that.
1:32:52
It's not true of every place, but it does in our shop.
1:32:57
And so you think it's the pursuing truth isn't a question. It's there.
1:32:59
You can find out the facts.
1:33:01
We just have to wade through a lot of cuz today everything is just dump truck after dump truck of manure dumped on top of other manure. And it's just hard.
1:33:13
It's one of the reasons why mostly it's to manage a complex narrative with lots of different balls in the air and hundreds of characters in the case of the American Revolution.
1:33:21
Not just the bold face names who are you know, just statues, you know, out in the park collecting pigeon and not and not real dimensional complex human beings. We try to do that.
1:33:31
But introduce you to scores of other characters and and and set a narrative in motion that's at its heart a military one, but it's also adorned with very complex political and social and and geopolitical and economic sort of factors.
1:33:45
And so that that takes a while, but also making sure you're right.
1:33:50
I mean, we lock the film meaning we're not going to do any more work on it. We promise.
1:33:53
We promise the sound editors and we unlock it cuz we found out that word 16 battleships, deaths, months to we've got a little footnote and it says two scholars of of of of of a repute said that that, you know, I'm making this up, said that that was right.
1:34:09
And then you find out a third scholar who says, "We're not sure it's 16."
1:34:14
So, you scour the narrators already read and gone home, and you're not going to get them back.
1:34:18
So, you scour all of the written stuff, you know, hours and hours of stuff, and you find a perhaps.
1:34:25
And you copy it, and you move on of perhaps 16, and then you sleep better.
1:34:30
Like that's the kind of level of truth seeking, as as you put it, and I don't know any any place else that kind of is that that kind of concerned about that level of of accuracy.
1:34:41
But if you add that up a billion times, then all of a sudden you have something, get ready to blow your whistles, that has 4 billion plus minutes of watching. Amazing. Another sound effect. Thank you.
1:34:55
Um can you help me understand some of the through lines, emotional elements, or takeaways, or or the the fingerprints that you try and leave on your work across the across projects, not just with a single >> Thank you.
1:35:16
That's a very thoughtful question.
1:35:17
When I was working trying to raise money, and I looked like 12 years old, I was trying to get people to buy the Brooklyn Bridge.
1:35:22
Um I remember writing a sentence that I was not interested in the mere archaeology of dry dates and facts and events.
1:35:30
I was interested in an emotional archaeology.
1:35:35
And now, I didn't mean sentimentality or nostalgia.
1:35:36
That's the enemy of good anything.
1:35:38
But I'm looking for that thing that animates art, that animates faith, that animates a lot of the most intimate stuff that we care about, and that's where you say the whole is greater than the sum of the parts, but you never ask yourself, "What's that difference?
1:35:51
Where one and one always in your work has to equal two, in my work you want it to equal three.
1:35:58
You want to have that unknown factor.
1:35:59
So, I guess Once when we were working on our jazz series, the uh trumpeter and and composer Wynton Marsalis said, sometimes a thing and the opposite of a thing are true at the same time.
1:36:11
I'll I'll relate it back to the revolution.
1:36:13
George Washington, you know, is the indispensable man.
1:36:15
Without him we don't have a country, period, full stop.
1:36:20
And in a world in which we're more interested in bottom-up than top-down, it's exhilarating to be able to resurrect somebody.
1:36:25
But, he's also deeply flawed.
1:36:27
He owns hundreds of human beings in his lifetime.
1:36:30
And as the writer Rick Atkinson says, you know, you can't square that circle.
1:36:34
He is rash on the battlefield, risking his life and therefore the entire cause.
1:36:38
Um he also makes some pretty bad tactical mistakes at the largest battle, Long Island of the of the war.
1:36:46
And then later, the same tactic leaving a flank exposed at Brandywine, which the British take full example of.
1:36:54
But, and this is the biggest but I know, he's able to he's able to hire subordinate talent that's better than him, and he's not threatened by it.
1:37:01
He's able to inspire men in the dead of night to fight and to remind them that they're not from New Hampshire or Georgia, but they're a new a new thing, Americans.
1:37:09
He knows how to defer to to Congress.
1:37:11
He's incre- He has incredible humility.
1:37:13
And more than anything, he just waits it out.
1:37:19
He understands he doesn't have to win, he just can't lose.
1:37:21
And he does that successfully and defeats the greatest empire on Earth.
1:37:26
And even more than that, he gives up his power twice.
1:37:30
The second New York is is the British leave New York in November of 1783, that is like 8 and 1/2 years after Lexington and Concord.
1:37:38
He goes to Annapolis, where the Congress is meeting, and resigns his military commission.
1:37:42
He's brought back out of retirement to run the Constitutional Convention, and then he's unanimously made president, and after two terms he walks away from it.
1:37:49
And as as as George III, the King of England, said, if he did that, then he's truly the greatest character of the age.
1:37:57
And so, you can have both.
1:37:59
And our problem in a binary world, in both computers and media, we want to have a black hat and a white hat.
1:38:06
We want to say good or bad, and and and you can't do that in our own personal lives, and we ought to extend that to our history.
1:38:15
Yeah, the dialectic, I love it. Um >> Yeah.
1:38:19
You have been very fortunate in that it feels like there's no project too big for you to undertake.
1:38:25
And I'm wondering if there's ever a desire, how you balance going big with a a massive story that everyone has at least some conception of, versus going back to something like the Brooklyn Bridge, and refocusing on something very narrow.
1:38:43
Is that something that appeals to you?
1:38:46
Do you feel like you've graduated, you've done that, you never want to go back, or is there something Talk about the tension there.
1:38:55
Yeah, well, it's that's another excellent question.
1:38:57
I mean, within these big huge epic series are all the intimacies that were contained in the Brooklyn Bridge.
1:39:03
And we do have a kind of exhalation.
1:39:05
They're big series, and we can just say Civil War, Baseball, Jazz, World War II, National Parks, The Roosevelts, Vietnam, Country Music, and now American Revolution.
1:39:16
But within them are I don't I think that's fewer than 10 films.
1:39:20
There are at least 30-plus films that are shorter than that.
1:39:22
And so, they they experiment more with what you're talking about, that that earlier experience.
1:39:28
But But again, the more important point is that any given minute in a film, say a series, a lot of people would say, "Okay, you're the director, but you just assign a different producer for each of the In the case of the Revolution, six episodes. We don't do this.
1:39:42
We all We all do work on all of them and they all are shaped. Same with the editors.
1:39:47
They They cross episodes and and they and they do more than one.
1:39:52
And so, what happens is you have a kind of unity of presentation, but within each scene, you have the same kinds of intimacies, the same kinds of small moments and that you would find in Brooklyn Bridge.
1:40:02
And you're also elevating not just George Washington to a more dynamic and complex and understandable and real, truer, um, version of who he is, but you're introducing people to scores of others that you've never heard of cuz I never heard of them.
1:40:17
You know, a 10-year-old girl named Betsy Ambler who's a refugee most of the war.
1:40:21
We don't think of Americans as being refugees unless you realize how bloody this was, what a civil war as well as a revolution it was, what a global war, and you're dealing that involves more than two dozen nations, European as well as Native American.
1:40:35
And when you say Native American, you don't say them.
1:40:36
There are all these nations to our west that are as distinct and separate culturally, economically, diplomatically, militarily as France is from Prussia at that time.
1:40:48
And if you think you're going to just make it them and not say French, Prussian, uh, you know, Delaware, uh, Lenape, Cherokee, you've made a huge mistake and left out an important dynamic.
1:41:00
Or take half the population, women, and say, "Yeah, we don't really care about that."
1:41:06
Or the 500,000 20 plus percent of the population that is enslaved or free black Americans.
1:41:12
All of that makes it unbelievable dynamic.
1:41:14
And if you add the violence to something that we say is, you know, this sort of bloodless gallant myth that attends the revolution, just guys in Philadelphia thinking great thoughts.
1:41:26
And they And they are great thoughts, as great of thoughts as ever been thought, um, but it ain't the whole story.
1:41:31
And when you try to integrate that whole story, man, you start to have something that fires on all cylinders and you know, that's what wakes me up every single morning of every day. Yeah.
1:41:41
When I think about uh like what has changed in America throughout my life, um I I I go to Apple. I go to technology. I go to business.
1:41:53
And your work has focused you know, you've obviously touched on business, but you focused on politicians and generals and athletes and musicians and artists.
1:42:01
And I'm wondering about your perception of the business community, the technologists over the history of America, their interaction with your other subjects, how you want to integrate them into the stories that you tell.
1:42:19
Well, you know, I I I've done four wars.
1:42:20
Um it seems disproportionate cuz they're all big long series, but wars are huge sponsors of um of technological change.
1:42:28
of technological change. All I have to do I made a film on the Second World War called The War and it ends because of one of the greatest technological changes that you could possibly imagine, but the Civil War happens because back in the 1700s um an industrialist Eli Whitney who invent the kind of exchangeable parts in the
1:42:48
beginning of an assembly line thing uh goes down and sees a cousin who's lamenting how long it takes her enslaved people to card a a pound of cotton and he invents the cotton gin which revitalizes cotton and slavery and sets in motion the wheels economically and technologically that will sponsor this Civil uh the Civil War that's upcoming. So, it's all the way
1:43:09
that's upcoming. So, it's all the way through that and we're constantly thinking about and dealing with those changes and and you know, one of the stuff in the My head full of ideas, you know, if I were given a thousand years to live
1:43:22
which I won't I won't run out of topics in American history is invention and technology and I'd start with I'd start with Eli Whitney, you know, because there's a underbelly to it and I go to Steve Jobs because there's an underbelly to it. You know, I got kids. I am You You know, I got kids.
1:43:34
I am You know, we're all addicted to this, and you know, I mean, my new statement is, and it's such a loaded statement, I apologize in advance for offending your sensibilities, but I say social media isn't Oh, yeah.
1:43:49
and artificial intelligence is. Oh. They're not social. Yeah.
1:43:54
Ever been in a room of people or a subway car or a block where everybody's on their phone? Yeah. That is not social. Yeah.
1:44:00
And artificial is artificial is artificial. Yeah.
1:44:03
No, that makes a lot of sense.
1:44:06
I'm sure you get asked this question all of the time, but uh what walk me through some of the advice that you give for aspiring documentarians.
1:44:14
It's really so bad and platitudinous that I'm embarrassed almost to repeat it because there's no laws, and everybody I know that is a working documentary filmmaker, meaning they don't have a side uh teaching gig, you know, to pay the bills, and are actually making, you know, living, uh supporting their families, have all come at it at different ways.
1:44:36
And so, I realized that there's no set career path the way there might be for uh feature filmmaker or a doctor or a lawyer.
1:44:44
And so, what I tell them is one is Socratic.
1:44:46
You got to know yourself, right? Who am I?
1:44:49
Film is intensely glamorous for teenagers and at a college level, the first the you know, the introductory classes are jammed with people, and then all of a sudden next year is pretty winnowed down, and there ought to be a mechanism within us.
1:45:02
This is the Socratic dimension that says, "You know what?
1:45:07
I don't think I have something to say.
1:45:08
I thought this was going to be easier than it actually is.
1:45:11
I see how difficult it is."
1:45:11
And then the other one has to do with that difficulty, that there's way more talented people than there are possibilities of making a film in this economy, even with the explosion of documentary films now, and some of it quite dreck.
1:45:25
So, obviously, some of those people who didn't deserve to get a budget got one.
1:45:31
Um is that is that you have to persevere.
1:45:32
I mean, I used to keep on my desks two three-ring binders um filled with hundreds of rejections just for that first film on the Brooklyn Bridge just to remind me, you know, that it doesn't come easy, you know, and and that was sitting juxtaposed from a little thing on my door, a quote from a theater impresario in Minneapolis, Globe Theater named Tyrone Guthrie.
1:45:53
He said, "We're looking for ideas large enough to be afraid of again."
1:45:57
Not a very good English sentence, but it just means just bite off more than you can chew and learn how to chew.
1:46:02
And a lot of that is what I try to impart um when people ask me the questions and I warn them in advance that it's just going to sound like I'm sure I've just described things that you guys know about what you do.
1:46:15
And I'm sure everybody who's listening knows, "Yeah, those kind of apply to what I do."
1:46:18
And so I I I think there's basically in in his essay on self-reliance, Emerson says, "Do whatever inwardly rejoices."
1:46:27
You need to actually figure out what this thing is that is you say I to, of which there millions of I's, and which one is the authentic and how do you proceed to do whatever inwardly rejoices, as he said.
1:46:44
Is it refreshing to change centuries?
1:46:49
Do you think your life would be different?
1:46:50
Do you think um the projects, the quality might suffer if you had at some point, when you realized that this was going to be the career, you had started linearly and done American Revolution, Civil War, World War II, then Vietnam, and you just go year by year as opposed to bouncing around a little bit?
1:47:11
I I It's not even bouncing around because only in retrospect can you do that.
1:47:15
I just My best friend was a book salesman and he I was sick and he threw on my bed a paperback, a trade paperback version of David McCullough's The Great Bridge, the epic story of the building of the bridge. I read it in one gulp.
1:47:25
I said, "We're going to make a film about it."
1:47:28
And then, you know, we're thrashing about to what to do, and my future wife and I are driving through western Massachusetts, and we pass a Shaker village outside of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, with this beautiful round stone barn.
1:47:39
I slammed on the brakes and said, "Who are these people who made these buildings?"
1:47:42
That was the second film.
1:47:44
Another guy was trying to convince me to do a film on on Huey Long, the turbulent southern demagogue.
1:47:48
And someone else said, "Boy, you know, you did a great film on the Brooklyn Bridge.
1:47:53
You know, the Statue of Liberty's 100th birthday is coming up.
1:47:55
Why don't you do something on that?"
1:47:56
I said, "Yeah, but I'm not going to make your film."
1:47:58
And so, you know, if you give me the money, I'll do it, but I'm not, you know, so Liberty Mutual uh you know, insurance, before they got the emu uh uh gave me money for the whole thing, and and I made a very complex film, which also got nominated for an Academy Award.
1:48:16
But each one of those first four films come from different things, and so you would begin to sort of make choices.
1:48:23
So, at any given moment, you know, I I didn't think until I was in the middle of Vietnam, not the middle at the end of it. We were locking it.
1:48:28
I was looking at a map we made of the Ia Drang Valley in the Central Highlands, and you could see the positions of the Viet Cong and the NVA and the Americans, and I thought, "Boy, this could be the British moving west on Long Island towards Brooklyn." And I looked up.
1:48:41
I said, "We're doing the revolution."
1:48:43
So, they come they everything comes that way, and it's much better, you know?
1:48:47
It's like it's like you know, a batter, you know, you just got to read the pitch.
1:48:51
And at that given moment, it's a fastball, so you're going to hit it this way or or or hit it to the opposite field, or you're going to try to choke up because he's throwing junk, and you got to figure out how to respond I mean, it's it's literally I'm so glad there's not a plan, you know?
1:49:06
Or a chronological stuff.
1:49:09
And and and and what you can do is take those 40 films and then put them in chronological order, and you know, that waste some time.
1:49:17
your >> I I I just have to pass something along.
1:49:19
A lot of people in the in the chat are saying that they love your work, obviously, but particularly that they became much closer with their fathers through watching Yeah, this is true and mothers, too.
1:49:32
I mean, I particularly with regard to baseball, I don't know how many people come up and say, "I've seen baseball more than you have."
1:49:37
I go, "What are you talking [laughter] about?"
1:49:40
They said, "Well, every single January during the hot stove league, my dad and I would watch it."
1:49:44
And my dad just passed away, but my son is old enough.
1:49:49
You know, I mean, I've had so many moving things about that or or mothers taking kids to to baseball games or going over battlefields.
1:49:56
So, there's a nice, you know, we talk about how divided we are right now.
1:49:59
All you have to do is look at my films and see we're way more divided at other times.
1:50:02
And what brings us together are stories.
1:50:04
The power of stories a neutralizes that dialectic that you were mentioning.
1:50:12
Neutralizes this false notion that there is a simplistic binary that we can pose impose on everything and figure it all out. You can't.
1:50:20
And the complexity of us, in the end, reminds us that there's only us and no them.
1:50:26
So, I make films about the US, but I also make films about us. You make Oh, sorry.
1:50:33
>> chat also wants us to ask about AI.
1:50:36
I already have an idea of of your reaction.
1:50:39
I I appreciate your your approach of not letting technology guide the work, but are you at all excited at some point in the future of being able to, you know, recreate a scene from history using >> Oh.
1:50:56
image or video generation tools? Not really.
1:51:00
I don't I I don't think so.
1:51:00
I think every once in a while, when you're trying to run down a portrait of Benedict Arnold, who's not a popular person in the United States, so there's no real visual evidence left of him, AI can be helpful in locating that.
1:51:12
You know, I I use it when I Google a question.
1:51:16
I notice how quickly the AI answer comes up.
1:51:19
You have to take it with a grain of salt right now.
1:51:20
It's not that it's wrong.
1:51:22
It's just you may not be offered all the nuances and possibilities.
1:51:25
That's going to change and whatever.
1:51:27
But and not to write a thing or to generate an image. Uh there's a sanctity.
1:51:31
I mean, if if you say a picture's worth a thousand words, then if you make it up, then what is it?
1:51:39
I mean, when when everything is is um permissible, what's true?
1:51:42
And I just I I I mean, that goes back to your question, you know, what is true?
1:51:49
And and I think it's really important to at least have, you know, it's like a kid.
1:51:54
You you remember this when you're young, four or five years old, and your mother or your dad's sitting on the bench at the park, and you're playing, but every once in a while you got to go and touch home base.
1:52:05
I want to be that person. Yeah. Very cool.
1:52:08
You mentioned uh McCullough, and I'm a fan of Robert Caro. Uh Yeah. Yeah.
1:52:13
We just interviewed him for a film we're doing on on LBJ and the Great Society. I can imagine.
1:52:16
Um are you excited about where that genre of historical writing is going right now? Oh god, yes.
1:52:26
I mean, we have so many heavy hitters.
1:52:28
I've been out on the road for the last year, a lot of it with Rick Atkinson, who's two-thirds of the way through his trilogy of the American Revolution.
1:52:35
He's the first talking head you see accidentally in our film, but no accident.
1:52:39
And the last talking head you see, there's Doris Kearns Goodwin.
1:52:41
David McCullough has left us.
1:52:43
Stephen Ambrose has left us.
1:52:45
But I was just on a on a on a podcast with Ari Emanuel and and and Walter Isaacson yesterday talking about, you know, what what the Mount Rushmore that wasn't a president would look like and and having great arguments with him and his friend uh Ben Persky.
1:53:00
Uh and the four of us, you know, arguing and fighting for now the the hour that I that I've spent.
1:53:06
so there's so many there's so many good writers.
1:53:08
Walter has influenced two of my films.
1:53:10
You know, I I he's one of the biographers of Benjamin Franklin and he also did our he also wrote a biography of our first non-American topic Leonardo da Vinci. Yeah.
1:53:22
Well, thank you so much for taking the time to come chat with us Ken.
1:53:23
This is very informative.
1:53:25
Just really fun to talk to >> John has done a great job keeping it together but I think he's he's definitely one of your biggest biggest fans and you come up you've come up a lot often times when I can't get a hold of John and He's probably watching and yeah, we watched so many documentaries together. Together. It was fantastic. >> What's her name? Uh Marjorie.
1:53:47
Marjorie, thank you for watching. Good job. Thank you. Great stuff Ken. Thank you for joining. Be well.
1:53:53
Have a great rest of your day. Goodbye. Thank you.
1:53:58
>> [applause] >> Let me tell you about Gusto, the unified platform for payroll benefits and HR built to evolve with modern small and medium-sized businesses and let me also tell you about Gemini Gemini 3. 1 Pro.
1:54:08
Going to have to update this soon.
1:54:11
Uh with a more cable-based baseline, it's great for visualizing super complex tasks, synthesizing data into a single view or [music] bringing creative projects to life and without further ado, we have Gokul Rajaram from Marathon Management in the studio.
1:54:27
How are you What's going on? Good to see you. Great to see you John. Welcome to the show. Uh is software dead?
1:54:36
>> [laughter] >> First introduce yourself. Sorry. We'll get to that.
1:54:40
>> I'm a huge fan, a long-time fan and listener to to you guys to TVPN. Uh I'm Gokul.
1:54:45
I've been an operator and investor for 25 years in the Valley and uh yeah, excited to be excited to be here with all of you.
1:54:51
So yeah, It's about time. Yeah, yeah. >> Long overdue.
1:54:54
Um yeah, walk us through how you have been processing the the the the SaaS apocalypse, the Citrini article, uh all all the different narratives that have kind of shaken the tech industry both to the upside in many cases and also to the downside and others at the throughout the start of this year.
1:55:13
Look, I think software is going through a change. I don't think it's dead.
1:55:17
Software is still going to be around.
1:55:17
In fact, every industry is going to use software at its core.
1:55:21
I think what is going to be challenged is companies that are surface level.
1:55:32
where they're going to be light which are there's two kinds.
1:55:35
One of them are lightweight, seat based, easy to rip and replace.
1:55:40
An example I always say I don't want to pick on them is Zendesk.
1:55:43
Zendesk is customer support software.
1:55:45
They sell on the basis of seats.
1:55:45
They use it for delivering outcomes for customers.
1:55:48
The problem with Zendesk is that if I'm a customer of Zendesk, I'm buying 50 seats, I could reduce it to 20 seats and use 30 seats for AI in the same budget of 30 seats I can use AI.
1:55:59
So, I can literally compare Zendesk's performance to AI agents in parallel and Zendesk won't even know this is happening.
1:56:05
So, you might be running an AB test and you can literally run Zendesk in parallel and that's a challenge for companies like Zendesk because because it's not deeply rooted.
1:56:14
part time for only part of your employee part of your customer service request.
1:56:18
Other kind of software is stuff that is not outcome based, that is truly running your company, that's truly running a process.
1:56:26
A good example is NetSuite which is an ERP which is literally at the core of your general ledger, it's running your accounting, a lot of your business is running off it.
1:56:34
You can't really run another version of NetSuite in parallel to NetSuite.
1:56:37
You've got to run and so NetSuite is in a much better position than Zendesk.
1:56:41
Now, at the highest level the reality is every piece of software has to reinvent itself over the next but the time frame, it's much more urgent for Zendesk to do that in the next 6 to 12 months while something like NetSuite probably has years, 3 to 5 years to think about it.
1:56:59
So, if I were NetSuite what I would do I would create AI agents which I'm sure they're already doing and I would, as I say, commoditize my complement.
1:57:05
I'd basically make it free uh to actually have a bunch of interesting workflows which are of- offered to AI and I would basically it's still charge for the data.
1:57:16
Very very different and uh How did you How did you There's There's a whole new class of AI native ERPs that uh have come online and raised over the last 1 to 2 years.
1:57:29
Uh is is How How did you process them?
1:57:32
There's certainly like a long graveyard of of of startups as well, but uh part of the challenge is there's just so much software to build with a system like that uh and and maybe now is the right time given that we can create software a lot faster than we could historically. Right.
1:57:50
I think the I've I know many of those companies.
1:57:52
I think they're great entrepreneurs.
1:57:54
I think the challenge for them is that there is no pressing, burning reason for somebody using a Netflix or Net- NetSuite I should say to rip and replace NetSuite.
1:58:04
So, what you have to do is you have to go with a company that doesn't have an ERP today and get them to start using you as a soft soft as a software company as a vendor and then grow with them.
1:58:12
And so, I think it is So, that's the strategy.
1:58:16
Build your customer base from net new companies which don't have an ERP today.
1:58:21
I think going to somebody who's using a a large ERP and saying, "Well, throw out your ERP and replace it with me is hard."
1:58:27
So, you've got to either come with a very very very uh narrow wedge where you can inject yourself in and then use it to over time take on NetSuite, but more interestingly, I think go after younger, fast-growing startups which will need a NetSuite or an ERP system in a few months.
1:58:43
Offer it to them for free.
1:58:43
If some of them actually some of these ERPs have been saying, "If you're funded by one of these VCs, you can use the first tier of my product for free. Sure.
1:58:54
And that's a smart idea because you use it for free, you're not going to generate much revenue, but in exchange if they become sticky, and when you actually start generating revenue a year from now, [clears throat] they're there for you. Yeah.
1:59:05
Um what what do you think is happening in the private markets for software companies where their public comps have declined by 50%.
1:59:14
They're We we sort of went through this and I'd love to know how you process the uh the end of ZIRP.
1:59:19
I remember reading Logan Bartlett on this at Redpoint a lot.
1:59:24
He was pulling public comps and seeing how multiple compression had happened in the public software SaaS market and the effect that that was happening in the pri- private markets.
1:59:41
It feels like the private fully digested the SaaS-pocalypse in the same way because a lot of the startups that were earlier on the AI narrative, but at the same time there's like a bigger question there. That's right.
1:59:56
The way the private markets work is What can the private markets do?
1:59:58
They can't re-rate the company on a daily daily daily basis like in the public markets.
2:00:02
So what they can do is they can re-rate >> That term That term sheet I signed is is due for a wire at what valuation?
2:00:09
>> [laughter] >> Exactly.
2:00:10
Those are I'd like a 50% discount, please, cuz the comp is down 50%.
2:00:13
Yeah, you can't exactly do that.
2:00:15
You know that happened in 2008 where you did see when the 2008 Lehman thing happened, you did see people pull term sheets right after that happened that were outstanding, but those kinds of things that happen on the edge, but the
2:00:24
biggest thing that's happening is that a certain class of business models that have maybe raised a seed or an A, they're now unable to raise a B or will be unable to raise financing, and those are business models that are primarily application layer. I think if you're
2:00:35
I think if you're just doing workflows, it better be a deep and complex workflow that is deeply deeply deeply embedded because now with open cloud emerging, you guys might have seen this.
2:00:46
Open actually does the work.
2:00:49
It's not just kind of workflows.
2:00:49
It actually goes and does the job.
2:00:50
So, you're just putting software workflows that's enabling other people, but not doing the job yourself, it becomes harder to justify that you will exist.
2:00:59
Because remember, the VC time frame is not a not a year. It is 5 to 7 years.
2:01:04
And if you think about compounding over 5 to 7 years, it's insane. Why?
2:01:05
Because the capabilities these models are doubling what once every 6 months, say.
2:01:11
And if it's once every 6 months, it's quadrupling every year.
2:01:12
That means in 5 to 7 years, it's 2 to the power of 2 to the power of 12, which is a thousandfold better than what it is today.
2:01:21
And my human brain is unable to comprehend what it means for these models to be 500 to a thousand times better than they are today, what it means for software.
2:01:30
So, I think everybody's trying to figure out over a venture time frame what this is mean if you extrapolate the power of these models and make them a thousand times better.
2:01:40
What survives and what doesn't? What survives?
2:01:41
Things that are deeply rooted, that have atoms. Yeah.
2:01:45
>> We think, as software investors, that things that have atoms, yes, there are humanoid robots, but I personally feel general purpose humanoid robots that are machinists or HVAC repair people, whatever the case is, and that's going to be slightly further out.
2:01:55
So, things that have atoms are generally protected over the 5 to 7 year time frame. By a lot.
2:02:00
Things that have regulatory moats are protected.
2:02:01
Things that have money flowing through them are protected.
2:02:03
So, there's few classes of things that are protected. Yeah.
2:02:07
Uh if somebody came to you and wanted to buy a competitor DoorDash, what what advice would you give them about the challenges that they might face on uh building a competitor?
2:02:20
You know, I'll give you a I'll give you a story.
2:02:21
Uh I'll give you two stories, actually.
2:02:22
Assume it's June 2028, right?
2:02:25
Which is what I think Citrine had for 30% drop in stock. Assume you're hungry. You open your phone.
2:02:29
You ask Claude, say, or or whatever your new startup is, the the food ordering startup to order your sandwich with gluten-free bread.
2:02:34
It routes your order directly to the restaurant because it's figured out how to connect to all the restaurants, and it saves you $2.
2:02:42
But, it takes an hour and a half to show up, it was cold, and they forgot to make the bread gluten-free, so you can't eat it anymore. Who owes you a refund?
2:02:48
Does Anthropic have a customer service number? No.
2:02:54
So, basically, you open DoorDash, the sandwich is the first recommendation, you tap on it, 19 minutes later you're holding your sandwich still fresh, and guess what?
2:03:01
They remembered the gluten-free bread.
2:03:02
So, that's one story where if something goes wrong in the physical world, who does who who who takes care of it? Yeah.
2:03:10
DoorDash is a managed marketplace, I'll get back to that.
2:03:12
The better, more pertinent story is one from 2016 or 2017.
2:03:15
Google launched a product called Google Food Ordering.
2:03:18
You might have seen this, Google Food Ordering, you can actually order from a restaurant, Yeah.
2:03:22
>> and it literally it was driving at that point multiples of traffic to any restaurant company that DoorDash was driving, because Google still massive, back then was massive, you could search for a restaurant, you could order from directly from Google.
2:03:31
However, the retention of people who ordered Google Food Ordering was basically zero.
2:03:35
It was It was negligible. Why?
2:03:40
Because after you place the order, there are tons of things that go wrong in the physical world, and you couldn't really call Google, and the restaurant didn't take responsibility there.
2:03:47
So, that product doesn't exist today. Huh.
2:03:49
And and I think that's the fundamental reason.
2:03:53
There are things that happen in the digital world that are not enough to replicate something like DoorDash.
2:03:59
DoorDash manages not just aggregation and supply of restaurants, it manages everything afterwards.
2:04:05
It manages figuring out how to get your order to the right right cashier.
2:04:08
It manages how to basically refund if there's something that goes wrong.
2:04:13
It manages customer support in case you want to reach them, which is a collection of systems that work together.
2:04:17
Discovery is something that I think Agenteus will do well, and hopefully DoorDash will incorporate many of those, but discovery is not enough.
2:04:26
If you think about Google and this digit What did Google disintermediate?
2:04:29
What do we use Google for today?
2:04:31
It did really well with Expedia and flights and hotels, and also things like mortgages.
2:04:36
So, the types of marketplaces that Google has been able to disrupt through search are things that are more lead gen or just I would call light marketplaces where payment happens to Google.
2:04:45
You can book hotels or flights through Google. Yeah.
2:04:47
You don't have to take care of what happens afterwards.
2:04:50
But, a managed marketplace in the physical world is the most durable thing.
2:04:55
It is not a piece of software.
2:04:55
I This is the thing I think people get wrong about DoorDash.
2:04:59
DoorDash The soft DoorDash the first piece of software they built after the website, if you remember DoorDash had its Palo Alto delivery, it had this website with a PDF.
2:05:08
The first piece of software they built was not a consumer app. It was a Dasher app.
2:05:12
It was the app for Dashers because that was what was needed to get the food properly, to make sure the Dasher got the order, accepted the order, picked up the food, delivered it before the consumer app.
2:05:23
Can you talk a little bit about what it takes to build liquidity on a marketplace?
2:05:25
It feels like that's also underrated if you're if you need to spend billions of dollars to actually create the scale of a marketplace that that's something that can't necessarily be vibe coded. Exactly.
2:05:39
So, it's the the biggest moat here are the one of the moats is density.
2:05:44
Density leads to liquidity, which means the more orders you have in a given geography at a given time, the better you can batch deliveries, which increases driver utilization and reduces cost per order.
2:05:55
And that's what you have to do.
2:05:57
If you were to actually pay the actual pay the actual cost of delivering, it would be 10 12 15 dollars.
2:06:03
The reason you're only paying two dollars or three dollars is because these orders are batched and you're basically not having a single person.
2:06:11
You're basically batching it to the best Dasher driver.
2:06:13
That's why you might see in in busy busy times that there are drivers waiting outside certain restaurants because they literally know that that order they can get pick it up and there is massive density of orders.
2:06:25
So, density and liquidity, that's what drives marketplace economics.
2:06:27
And so, whoever wants to replicate DoorDash doesn't just need to improve aggregation at the consumer level, but build a massively dense geography by geography marketplace in every city that and every suburb that DoorDash operates in.
2:06:45
And that's a massive endeavor.
2:06:45
That's what DoorDash spent a few billion dollars building. Yeah, just a few.
2:06:51
What does it take to be a great public company board member? It's interesting.
2:06:56
I think you know, it has changed over the last several years.
2:07:00
I think a few years ago, decade ago say, the profile of a board member was quite uniform.
2:07:05
It was people from the finance or corporate worlds.
2:07:08
And that's still important.
2:07:09
I think you need a finance person who runs your audit committee. You need a CEO.
2:07:14
I think every public board member, if you would have gone to any public CEO and say, "What is the archetype you want in your board?" Most of them want CEOs.
2:07:21
They want a CEO on the board because you want a CEO you can confide in and you can ask for help from.
2:07:27
But there are new archetypes that have emerged over the last few years.
2:07:30
One, product engineering leader.
2:07:30
Someone who's led product and engineering at a company. Why?
2:07:35
Because every company, like I said, has become a software company, a technology company.
2:07:37
So every public company wants someone with product engineering chops.
2:07:41
Second, you want someone who represents your customer.
2:07:45
At DoorDash, for example, uh sorry, at Square, we had the CEO of Shake Shack. And why?
2:07:49
Because Shake Shack was a prototypical customer for Square.
2:07:55
Uh no, Danny's it was Randy Garutti. Danny was a chairman. >> Yeah.
2:07:59
So Randy was Randy was a CEO.
2:07:59
I mean yeah, Danny was a founder and Randy was a CEO. So he was excellent.
2:08:03
He always He would really assume.
2:08:05
And then, typically what happens is, especially if it's a company that came through venture capital, typically one or two of the VCs that have been early in the journey of the company stay with the company and the CEO trust them.
2:08:16
In Square's case, it was Roelof Botha at Sequoia.
2:08:18
In DoorDash's case, it's Alfred Lin, ironically again from Sequoia.
2:08:22
But and at Pinterest's case, it was uh Jordan from Andreessen.
2:08:25
So, each company has one VC probably who who's And then in in uh in uh Coinbase's case, it's Felicis Ventures and Andreessen Horowitz.
2:08:33
So, VC, product engineering chops, um voice of the customer, CEO, finance person.
2:08:42
Those are the five archetypes.
2:08:42
One of the best practices today that I've seen companies using is a notion of a board buddy.
2:08:47
What it means is every exec at a company should actually be paired up with a board member who's an expert in the same area.
2:08:54
So, for example, I typically will work with the head of product and the head of engineering at the companies I'm on the board of, and I meet with them once a month outside of the board meeting.
2:09:03
Those meetings are actually really good.
2:09:05
I'm essentially listening to them in a judgment-free zone and trying to be helpful and getting feedback from them how can we be helpful.
2:09:10
And the same is happening with the finance person, the finance-oriented board member, they meet with the CFO.
2:09:15
The customer-oriented board member, they meet with the CRO, etc. etc.
2:09:18
So, I think uh that board buddy system I've seen helps dramatically because that's what your board member should be helpful not just the CEO but the exact team.
2:09:26
It also helps gets exposure for us to the exact team who they are and as we think about succession planning and stuff like that, we can evaluate who these people are and who should succeed the CEO or the people. Yeah.
2:09:39
Uh what are your forecasts around M&A in in 2026?
2:09:43
Last year was the year of the of the licensing deal.
2:09:49
>> acquisition with the ghost ship.
2:09:49
Yeah, the the ghost ship acquisition, uh but it still feels like we we could see a lot of activity >> [clears throat] >> uh this year.
2:09:58
>> of cheap companies out there. GoPro's at 150.
2:10:00
There's a lot of stuff that >> in the public markets but also but also public companies that want to bolt on fast-growing teams. Yeah.
2:10:07
I think there's going to be both.
2:10:07
I mean, you saw for example, MyFitnessPal bought this company, Cal-A-I, and I think it's 18 months old, right? 50 million.
2:10:15
And so, I think there's going to be a tremendous amount. Why?
2:10:17
Because, like you said, there's a There's a things happening.
2:10:20
One, software companies are valued and the valuations has gone down and so I myself in a portfolio have seen if the CEO has courage they can actually the stock market is already telling you that the terminal value of a business is zero.
2:10:34
So there's really no downside to burning [laughter] the boats and going all in on AI. Yeah.
2:10:38
And I have a company Podium.
2:10:41
I mean you should actually get the guy. He's amazing.
2:10:43
He similar to Intercom, very similar to Intercom.
2:10:44
He had a business that grew to 200 million, was kind of growing very slowly and he said, "You know what?
2:10:50
I'm going to go build an AI agent.
2:10:51
I'm going to it's basically a product for SMBs."
2:10:53
And he's basically gone from zero to 100 million in 24 months and he's accelerating.
2:10:57
By just saying, "You know what?
2:11:00
I'm not going to worry about the legacy business.
2:11:02
We're going to start a new business."
2:11:04
So I think But the assets are there.
2:11:05
These companies have great assets. >> Yeah.
2:11:08
They need they need that and so it might be PE buying these companies for cheaper, but the PE can no longer have the playbook of we'll operationalize.
2:11:16
No, it's not about operationalizing or improving costs.
2:11:17
It's about building a new product and net new product and AI native product.
2:11:22
And then like you said, I think there's a tremendous number of For example, inference clouds are a new thing.
2:11:30
Fireworks, Modal, Base 10, there's multiple 5 to 10 billion dollar companies.
2:11:34
I have to assume the hyperscalers are not sitting around saying "Inference in AI is happening on these completely different cloud platforms than the one I have. What the hell am I?
2:11:43
I'm going to be a commodity cloud platform."
2:11:44
So almost certainly I think you're going to see one of the hyperscalers buy one of these neo clouds.
2:11:50
I think Corvy was one kind of cloud, but there's Together AI, there's like six or seven different next generation cloud companies.
2:11:55
So cloud software, you saw chips with Nvidia buying Groq, there's a bunch of next generation.
2:12:00
I think you're going to see and of course the whole Warner Brothers thing at the application level on the consumer side there's a tremendous amount.
2:12:07
Now that I think we are in an administration which is much more open to this for lack of a better word, you're going to see I I there's going to be amazing activity next year.
2:12:17
Uh do you think that the Square You were at Square for almost 6 and 1/2 years.
2:12:22
Do you think the Square riff from last week will be an anomaly or are you expecting uh 40% to be the new 10% uh riff? The latter.
2:12:33
I'm almost certain there's going to be multiple 20 to 30% cuts, uh maybe even 40.
2:12:38
The reality is nobody's hiring.
2:12:41
I think almost every public company has basically net new hiring is almost zero. Why?
2:12:46
Because you can do much more.
2:12:46
Every function you do more with AI.
2:12:48
So it's equivalent to a 30% boost in product- tivity.
2:12:52
And that's the first Next year if you get another 30% boost, you need 30 fewer people.
2:12:56
So over this 18 months, almost certainly every public company is going to have a 30%.
2:13:01
If they don't, I question I question the leadership.
2:13:07
>> so a lot of the So so a lot of a lot of people's reactions to the the Square riff was, "Okay, AI is just a convenient excuse."
2:13:13
It it kind of is a narrative that the market will be able to process.
2:13:18
You think there's more You think they're actually getting seeing the efficiency to be able to make a decision like that and it's not just marketing. 100%.
2:13:28
I think they realized that they could basically do the same job and probably more efficiently with fewer coordination.
2:13:34
The fewer people you have, easier it is to coordinate, as you know.
2:13:36
I mean, the two of you run the show.
2:13:36
As you know, if you got four hosts, how hard it would be like some of the ESPN shows, right?
2:13:41
It's just the two of you.
2:13:42
Every time you add a person, it's m times n.
2:13:44
There's like like it's it's increases exponentially the coordination problem.
2:13:49
So I think that 12,000 person company or 6,000 person company, night and day.
2:13:52
I bet they're going to move faster, be more innovative, and drive more productivity than they were doing before.
2:13:57
Uh what's what's the update on Marathon?
2:13:59
Uh like uh where where are you guys focused uh in Q1?
2:14:04
Uh what what's most exciting for you?
2:14:07
We are an early-stage software and fintech uh focused firm.
2:14:08
Uh we focus I think some of the best companies who do out of the intersection of the two, but in software we look at infrastructure, security, and application.
2:14:16
Uh I think the themes we're looking at are some of the themes that we talked about.
2:14:20
One is what are durable companies at the application layer.
2:14:24
Uh there are lots of interesting and and you know things on the security side we're looking at.
2:14:29
For example, phishing is something which is going I mean I have been fished now I mean I feel almost on a daily basis I'll get an email that looks like it's coming from a uh coming from a human being, but it's actually AI. Yeah.
2:14:42
Uh and then uh the third area is around infrastructure.
2:14:45
Like I said, there's a lot of new infrastructure that has been built because every piece of infrastructure that existed till 2 years ago was built for humans.
2:14:53
Every piece of infrastructure has to be rebuilt for AI agents.
2:14:57
On fintech uh you know, stable coins is just I think I I'm I'm in love with stable coins.
2:15:01
I think USDC uh I have so many people I know outside the US now who basically want all their money to be not in their local currency, but in USDC a stable coin because it's pegged to the US dollar.
2:15:13
It gives the opportunity for everyone in the world to not suffer a 10% daily inflationary basically reduction in their purchasing power, but to hold money in in in a uh in a in a way that prevents this is pegged to the US dollar.
2:15:28
So, I think uh stable coin is one of the greatest you know so far I think it's the best real world outside of tokenization it's the best real world application of of of the crypto uh industry in some ways and I'm extremely bullish on it. Amazing.
2:15:41
Well, thank you so much for taking the time to come chat with us.
2:15:46
Yeah, great to finally have you on the show.
2:15:47
It should have should have happened a long time ago.
2:15:48
Yeah, always good to see huge fan and uh Yep, always welcome. It's been amazing.
2:15:54
It has been 2 years since you started. It's been incredible. It's 1 year. Isn't that crazy? Yeah. That is incredible. Congratulations, guys. Thank you, guys. Thank you so much. We'll talk to you soon. Cheers.
2:16:03
Have a good rest of your day.
2:16:05
Let me tell you about Century.
2:16:06
Century shows developers what's broken and helps them fix it fast.
2:16:10
That's why 150,000 organizations use it to keep their apps working.
2:16:15
>> board member Coinbase, board member Pinterest, board member The Trade Desk, spent 4 and 1/2 years at DoorDash, 6 and 1/2 years at Square. Overnight success. >> 3 years at Meta.
2:16:34
Let me tell you there is a a talent shakeup going on at Kwen, at Alibaba's AI lab.
2:16:41
I want Tyler Cosgrove to take us through it, but there are a number of posts.
2:16:49
Uh Jun Yang Lin says, "Me stepping down. Bye my beloved Kwen."
2:16:52
And another individual uh uh highlighted by Zephyr says, "Bro, Alibaba Kwen disintegrating in real time." >> why?
2:17:06
Yeah, I mean it's kind of unclear, right?
2:17:07
The Chinese labs are like very not uh open about what they're doing.
2:17:10
Also, it's not like an independent lab, right?
2:17:11
It's Yeah, under Alibaba. Yeah.
2:17:13
Um but yeah, it's very interesting.
2:17:14
I mean Kwen has like uh recently has been like kind of the main they're the staple in in open source and like in Chinese open source, but in open source broadly, right?
2:17:23
Even the American open source labs are are still like pretty far behind Mhm. um Kwen.
2:17:28
So, yeah, it's very interesting.
2:17:30
Um people are saying that there was like new leadership.
2:17:32
They apparently Alibaba brought over people from DeepMind. >> Mhm.
2:17:37
Um and then maybe they're just like completely transferring the the leadership there.
2:17:40
Um and then some people are saying, "Oh, these guys are all going to come to the US.
2:17:44
Maybe they're going to go to xAI or something like this." >> Yeah.
2:17:47
Um but yeah, it's I mean definitely very interesting.
2:17:49
Do you know where these folks are located physically?
2:17:53
I believe they are in mainland China, correct?
2:17:58
I think yeah, I think that's That that's reasonable to assume because um there is a world where there's a whole bunch of AI talent that's missing or you know looking for the next gig.
2:18:08
You sign up for some golden visas even at $5 million a pop that's completely affordable for an AI lab these days.
2:18:18
It'll be interesting to see where these folks land.
2:18:21
Yuchen Jin says the end of an era Quen lost its tech lead when we launched the Quen 3 next endpoints on hyperbolic with Junyang and his team.
2:18:28
They were still online at 6:00 a. m. Beijing time. They were grinding.
2:18:32
Thank you for pushing open a open source AI forward.
2:18:34
Do you think they were caught distilling other American models and they were fired? I mean I Busted.
2:18:41
Yeah, I I I don't think that's like fireable offense right there.
2:18:46
That's the best way to That was probably the top-down mandate.
2:18:49
>> [laughter] >> Please spend as little money as possible.
2:18:52
>> maybe they were fired for not distilling fast enough. >> Maybe. Maybe.
2:18:56
Nathan Lambert has an extra take here.
2:18:58
He says the gaping hole that Quen imploding will leave in the open source research ecosystem will be hard to fill.
2:19:05
The small models are irreplaceable.
2:19:05
I'll do my best to keep carrying that torch not that I've reached the level of impact of Quen by any means but every bit matters.
2:19:13
It will be interesting seeing how Deep Seek responds to this whether these folks go to Deep Seek whether Deep Seek adjust their strategy when it comes to small models that feels like something that high flyer could potentially fulfill. But also who knows?
2:19:29
We don't know how large the Quen team how sizable this is what they have planned.
2:19:34
Sometimes there's large departures because there's a whole bunch of new people coming in and so they might have just hired a ton of people that just haven't announced.
2:19:42
It also will be interesting if this is one of those situations where it's clear that there is a there's a raid going on but people aren't announcing where they're landing for another couple weeks and so they just announced their departure.
2:19:53
We see this a lot at the American AI labs where people will say it's my last day."
2:19:56
and then 2 weeks later they'll be like, "I joined the competitor."
2:20:01
>> [laughter] >> and then 2 weeks later they'll be like, "I'm back at the original company."
2:20:02
and they'll go back and forth all day long.
2:20:05
Anyway, let me tell you about Okta.
2:20:09
Okta helps you assign every AI agent a trusted identity so you get the power of AI without the risk.
2:20:12
Secure every agent, secure any agent with Okta.
2:20:14
Uh I want to talk about fast food CEOs.
2:20:19
>> Yeah, let's pull up this video of McDonald's CEO.
2:20:22
>> We never watched this all the way through.
2:20:23
I want to I want to see for myself.
2:20:25
This is McDonald's CEO Chris Kemp- Kepczinski.
2:20:30
Uh he went viral after seeming reluctant to eat his own burgers.
2:20:33
He takes a tiny bite, looks uncomfortable, and calls the food product.
2:20:37
That's the size of with you've heard about it. The Big Arch. Here it is. The Big Arch. This is pretty good.
2:20:45
>> something that we have tested already on humans, >> Germany, Canada, on animals. >> this product. It is so good.
2:20:51
I'm going to do a tasting right now, but I'm going to eat this for my lunch just so you know. So, here we go.
2:20:56
First >> survive a single meal, that's good enough for you.
2:21:00
We've got a very unique kind of sesame poppy sort of >> that bad on public presentation, in my opinion.
2:21:09
>> quarter pound patties, a delicious Big Arch sauce.
2:21:12
It's probably his first TikTok, but Oh, there's so much going on with this.
2:21:17
First of all, let's try to get this thing I don't even know how to attack it.
2:21:21
God, there's so much to it. I like this.
2:21:24
>> some crispy onions on here as well.
2:21:24
I see those kind of coming out. >> He's stoked. All right.
2:21:28
I met the CEO of of McDonald's, the previous CEO, at South by Southwest in like 2013. >> That is so good.
2:21:34
That's a big bite for a Big Mac. >> That's a huge burger.
2:21:38
It's distinctively McDonald's.
2:21:39
Okay, but undeniably not that big of a bite.
2:21:42
Yeah, not that big of a bite.
2:21:45
>> He just kind of But eating on camera is so hard.
2:21:47
If you just start housing that thing, there's going to be a whole different set of backlash.
2:21:50
It's like >> looked like his first ever bite of a burger. Yeah.
2:21:57
>> [laughter] >> It's not a strong performance.
2:21:58
Lulu said layup opportunity for the number two ranked fast food chain CEO to film a brutal >> And I think somebody did.
2:22:05
We can pull up another video here.
2:22:08
>> Look at someone Someone did it.
2:22:08
There's someone saying Japanese manga writer trashing to write Americans, the CEO would perhaps compete over would take the manliest burger burger. Oh, that's ridiculous.
2:22:20
Surely America cannot be like that. >> Okay, but watch this.
2:22:23
Burger King Oh, that's a real bite. That's a real bite. Yeah. Uh I'm a burger guy now. He won me over.
2:22:30
[applause] Very, very well.
2:22:31
It's This guy seems like he he he can flip burgers.
2:22:33
He can he can take bites of burgers.
2:22:38
>> I saw another video of Chris, the McDonald's CEO, coming out on his personal Instagram saying he eats He wanted to clarify that he does eat McDonald's three or four times a week, he said. Okay.
2:22:47
So, he is defending his honor. >> McDonald's is great.
2:22:50
I'm I'm I'm I'm But, yeah, saying Gabby Gabby Goldberg called it out. The I love this product. I love this product.
2:22:57
That's what every That's what every chef says, you know, after they after they you know, bring out a meal.
2:23:03
They say, "I love this product. I think you will, too." >> He's a business guy.
2:23:07
I don't have a problem with that. Refer to it as product. Go off. It's I I I stand by it. I think it's great.
2:23:14
I think it is his product.
2:23:15
>> even though it technically is a product, I think people want their food to be food.
2:23:20
Yeah, probably should just use food next time.
2:23:23
[laughter] Well, good luck on the comms front.
2:23:25
What is happening with Claude?
2:23:27
They're They're the the traffic is spiking due to all of the news, and people are having fun with Has it actually been going down?
2:23:39
I haven't I I've been seeing mixed things.
2:23:41
I checked Claude to see if it was down.
2:23:43
It it It was fine for me, but people have >> last night for enough time for people to pay attention, but to the tune of 4,000 likes.
2:23:55
I I do wonder if there's if there's like the the the compute debate over, you know, how many servers you need, how many chips you need to marshal, how many how much investment do you need from various hyperscalers.
2:24:07
Does that equation change if there's a new sudden influx of consumer adoption?
2:24:12
It's unclear that consumers are are driving, you know, insane inference loads compared to, you know, your your open claw folks who might be firing off 12 hours of agentic programming that feels a lot more inference heavy than people that are like, "Yeah, I'm I'm replacing my daily driver LLM app."
2:24:32
And then they like fire off the usual like one query a day.
2:24:38
That's maybe not, but at the same time lots of people coming in, scaling scaling challenges comes for us all.
2:24:42
We need a new whale for AI.
2:24:45
You remember the Twitter whale, the fail whale?
2:24:50
Twitter had such a funny whimsical culture.
2:24:52
There was this thing when Twitter was scaling, they had this monolithic Ruby on Rails app, I believe, and they couldn't scale the app fast enough because things would go viral, big moments would happen in the news, in the media, basketball NBA finals would happen, everyone would get on, be talking about it, and the site would just go down forever.
2:25:14
And so, their 404 page, their page that you would land on when the service was not responding or populating tweets or showing you any content at all, had a fail whale, a whale that was being lifted up by some birds, if I remember that correctly.
2:25:29
And it became like loved by the Twitter community.
2:25:32
And and the rest is history.
2:25:34
Eventually they did scale. Our next guest is here.
2:25:36
[music] First, let me tell you about Labelbox.
2:25:40
Reinforcement learning environments, voice robotics, evals, and expert human data.
2:25:43
Labelbox is the data factory behind the world's leading AI teams.
2:25:45
And without further ado, we have Nick from Wraith Watch.
2:25:51
He's the founder and CEO. How are you doing, Nick? >> What's going on? >> Good to meet you. What's going on, fellas? Good to be here. >> welcome to the show.
2:25:58
Since this is the first >> you've got a big deal, but >> kick us off with that.
2:26:02
Now, introduce yourself >> yourself first.
2:26:05
Tell us what the company does. Yeah, thanks, guys.
2:26:09
It well, I'm here and I'm Wraith Watch's CEO, one of the founders, former CIO, chief information officer at Anduril. Anduril.
2:26:15
Joined Anduril when it was about 100 people, scaled it through when it was about 4,500.
2:26:21
I think they've doubled since then, since I left a couple years ago.
2:26:26
Um SpaceX and Palantir before that, leading cyber defense teams at both companies.
2:26:30
And then prior to entering the private sector, um was responsible for pre-assault electronic warfare and cyber warfare in support of United States Special Operations Command.
2:26:41
So, So, you worked at Palantir, SpaceX, and Anduril? Yeah. That's insane.
2:26:47
>> [laughter] >> Yeah, and I served and served And served. Wow.
2:26:49
Well, thank you for your service.
2:26:52
>> So, it was really hard to raise It was really hard to raise your first >> for Thank you for your service to the venture-backed defense tech industry [laughter] and the LPs.
2:26:59
Thank you on behalf of the LPs. >> it is tough.
2:27:01
Sprinkle some AI in the in the deck and it was it's all good. The rest is history.
2:27:05
[clears throat] So, yeah, where where is the product today?
2:27:08
What what what are the key like landing zones that you're going after because cybersecurity is pretty broad these days, right?
2:27:16
Yeah, so fundamentally, what Wraith Watch does is we build autonomous cyber defense systems for the United States government and and its allies.
2:27:26
That includes private sector and Fortune 500 as well.
2:27:28
So, we're deployed today to Fortune 500, commercial nuclear, aerospace defense, manufacturing, but the byline on the screen is our our recent announced with the federal government where we just landed a $30 million deal to deploy Wraith Watch in parallel. Clean hit. Clean hit.
2:27:53
Um to deploy Wraith Watch to almost a dozen federal agencies in parallel.
2:27:59
So, pretty pretty exciting time for us.
2:28:02
And ironic time given that we're in the middle of a shooting war with Iran, which is known for its offensive cyber warfare capabilities. Yeah.
2:28:12
Can you explain to me cyber defense?
2:28:12
I mean, like you can go and look for holes in systems and scan code bases.
2:28:19
You can also be, you know, rerouting, dealing with firewalls if you're getting DDoS'd.
2:28:27
Like, what's the nature of the threats that you're seeing?
2:28:29
What's in the wheelhouse?
2:28:31
What do you leave to other uh cybersecurity firms at this point?
2:28:37
Yeah, so just to set the stage here a bit.
2:28:38
So, historically, cyber is kind of the last mover when it comes to any kind of advance in software engineering or tech in general.
2:28:49
Like, we're always the last to adopt stuff for whatever reason.
2:28:53
Maybe it's because we're just at at the end of the day a bunch of skeptical neckbeards. I don't know why.
2:28:56
Well, is that because like basically people want to develop a new capability and that's really exciting and then and then people realize, "Okay, now we need to defend against said new capability."
2:29:08
>> Now now we need to secure it.
2:29:08
And and so, it definitely the Gartner hype curve applies to the cyber adoption curve, I would say.
2:29:15
And it's precisely because of what you just said, like Open Claw is a great example, right?
2:29:21
There was all this excitement around it and then 2 days later, it's like well, This entire ecosystem is open to attack.
2:29:30
There's API keys floating around in the wild, there's people injecting prompts, there's all kinds of stuff going on.
2:29:36
Um and so what you'll find is just a default sense of skepticism across the industry when it comes to anything new.
2:29:41
And AI is no stranger to this. Um makes sense, right?
2:29:44
But what we're seeing is that the attackers on the attack side of the equation have no such compunctions.
2:29:52
Um they are generally willing to try and take on any new technology that comes on board.
2:29:57
Um and they certainly have adopted AI in order to industrialize and weaponize their exploits and their um their attacks and campaigns in general.
2:30:10
Um and they're moving at warp speed.
2:30:12
Like when we started the company a few years ago, uh you know, we were met with you know, skepticism like, you know, are do you guys really think this is a thing?
2:30:19
No one really knew what an agentic workflow was with AI.
2:30:21
Like to everyone it was still a chatbot.
2:30:25
Now everyone knows what an agent is.
2:30:27
Everyone knows you can string them together.
2:30:28
And the adversaries have been kind of one step ahead of everybody and they've been wiring these things up to offensive frameworks, offensive tools.
2:30:37
And now you're seeing this kind of asymptotic attack pressure um that's targeting organizations and that's just coming up with novel new exploits, attack techniques, uh and and so on every single day.
2:30:50
Now the problem is there's no corresponding defensive counter pressure.
2:30:54
So you have this mounting attack pressure on the outside and then organizations and their cyber defenders are still moving at human speed on the inside.
2:31:01
It's like, what do we do?
2:31:01
Every 6 months a red team comes around, tells us, you know, how screwed we are and then we scramble around and then deploy a bunch of controls.
2:31:08
Okay, what knobs do I have to turn over there?
2:31:10
And as this is happening out here in the attack landscape, moving at human speed in here just isn't sufficient.
2:31:16
So what we intend to do is essentially drive a similar asymptotic curve for defenders internally.
2:31:23
Um yeah, that that's ultimately, you know, what what the strategic landscape is and the way that that needs to happen and I don't care if it's us, I don't care if it's another company.
2:31:36
Essentially, the same same problem that Palantir set up to solve. Mhm.
2:31:46
And we can get into the reasons why cyber lows, it doesn't talk to each other, the tools don't like to talk to each other, your CrowdStrikes don't like to talk to your Octas don't like to talk to your Splunks.
2:31:54
Um, Splunk in general is like an old model of let me just send data there and then worry about it later.
2:32:02
And so, Splunk to me is where data goes to die. Mhm.
2:32:04
And so, what we do is tackle multiple things in parallel.
2:32:08
Number one, break down all these silos, force these tools to talk to each other.
2:32:12
Number two, for any dead data sources that are sitting around your organization, whether it's Splunk, whether it's data in S3, all right, let's light those things up.
2:32:19
We can dispatch swarms of agentic whatevers to get in there and start asking questions about, okay, what kind of data exists in here?
2:32:28
What kind of aggregations can we do?
2:32:30
What kind of let's just >> [clears throat] >> build swarms of these little mini data scientists and throw them at these dead data structures, light them up and then bring them into the greater cyber defense ecosystem.
2:32:40
So, you can almost think of the the thing that's necessary as we move forward into this future is like the cyber version of JADC2, essentially.
2:32:49
For anyone that's familiar with the defense tech ecosystem, JADC2 is joint all domain command and control system and it was an initiative by the US military, still is, to tie together sensors, fuse that sensor telemetry into a common cohesive command and control layer and then allow the war fighter to make decisions at speed against it.
2:33:07
And cyber defense just has no analog to that capability and that's that's the capability that that we're bringing to the table for for our USG partners. Very cool.
2:33:20
>> Walk Walk me through a little bit more of like why I would want to investigate dead data is that like if I'm a business, I have a bunch of data in S3 and it happens to have customer credit cards, if that got hacked, that would be bad.
2:33:31
And so, maybe I want to lock that down, uh delete it if I'm not using it, or or is there some other shape of like the threat of this like dead data concept?
2:33:41
Yeah, so dead data exists uh in one of two dimensions.
2:33:44
So, the data exists um in the sort of pre-attack dimension of okay, there's data that could tell you about latent risks in your organization.
2:33:55
So, I'll rewind you guys back to 2019 and there was a massive malware attack called Triton against [laughter] oil and gas facilities in the Middle East.
2:34:04
And the reason that attack was able to go down is because no one put the pieces of the puzzle together that, "Hey, we've got a senior engineering dude with a system that has weak controls applied to it that also serves as a jump off point into the OT or critical infrastructure sector of the network."
2:34:22
Now, to put those four pieces of data points together, you need a board security engineer, you need a red team to come in and find it for you, and they might not ever find it even though they might spend 3 months trying to look for it.
2:34:35
So, you know, that could be one of 100 attack paths that exist in your environment.
2:34:39
So, that's kind of the pre-attack latent risk piece.
2:34:40
And then, on the post-attack side, you've got data that's that's being emitted from everyone's devices inside these environments and what that data can tell you is, "All right, all this latent risk back here, is anyone actually taking advantage of it or exploiting it?"
2:34:57
This is where this second half of the equation is where you discover that.
2:35:02
But, what we've done over the past 20 years because, I don't know, the big four consulting firms of the world have told us to do it is we send data to these data stores like S3 or Splunk or what have you, and then we just don't have the bandwidth to come around and then do something useful with it.
2:35:18
You know, you need some kind of sophisticated data analytics ca- people that think along the lines of how to make use of this data appropriately.
2:35:27
You need to think along the lines of joins and tables and you know, objects and ontologies and that kind of skill set seems to just not be there when it comes to cyber defense.
2:35:37
You know, Palantir I think was the first one to kind of break through and show people that this could be done for cyber defense as well.
2:35:46
And and there's a multitude of reasons why it didn't work.
2:35:48
Like Foundry was early at the time when when we were trying to break through cyber.
2:35:52
And so what we're trying to do is close the gap and just have a turnkey solution and say, "Okay, you got dead data here. You got dead data here."
2:35:59
So you you don't even know what where the adversary is going to come from.
2:36:02
Like we can't predict the next breach cuz no one's looking at it.
2:36:05
We can't tell you whether a breach is actually underway cuz no one's looking at it.
2:36:08
So let's break all of this down, fuse it into this cohesive layer, and then we can tell you where the next breach is going to come from, and we can tell you if it's actually going down right now as we speak.
2:36:18
So that's that's where we view the kind of like lighting up these dead data structures cuz otherwise you needed a person to kind of sit there and come up with, "Okay, what queries are we going to ask and what automations are we going to put into place?"
2:36:31
And it's like dude, when the dimensionality of some of these attacks is so large, you can't predict what queries you want, right?
2:36:40
Like you don't know how that attack is going to go down.
2:36:42
You don't know how it's going to manifest itself until it does.
2:36:45
And so the only way to solve it is by generating and evaluating those queries and their results at machine speed. Mhm.
2:36:53
Can you give us a brief history of cyber warfare with Iran?
2:37:02
Um yeah, the Iranians have a long history of executing advanced cyber warfare attacks against the United States and our allied partners as well.
2:37:12
So, you know, the the cyber companies love to give the Iranian cyber warfare groups all these cute names like Hydro Kitten and all this But at the end of the day, they are a well-known, you know, advanced nation-state cyber warfare outfit.
2:37:26
Like like on the same level as kind of Russia GRU or PLA cyber warfare units, DPRK cyber warfare units.
2:37:36
They were really not happy when Stuxnet was a thing.
2:37:39
So, back in 2010, for anyone who doesn't know, Stuxnet was kind of the first hey, let's have a cyber thing that can be implanted in a physical system and then have kinetic effects in the physical world.
2:37:50
So, that thing went into the the nuclear enrichment facilities and um or the one facility that it was targeting and then made the centrifuges rotate to the point where the the hardware just broke down, right?
2:38:02
So, that was the first equivalent that was the first kind of example of that.
2:38:05
The Iranians took that as an inflection point, kind of ramped up their offensive cyber capabilities and you know, for the past I'd say 15 years, they've been, you know, on a on a campaign to kind of bring those capabilities to bear targeting US government and and private sector entities pretty much across the board.
2:38:25
So, you know, all of that happens and it not only happens with Iran, it happens with Russia, it happens with North Korea, it happens with China.
2:38:32
It kind of all happens as this like cosmic background radiation against which like the regular commercial industry and private sector operates and there's very few people that actually realize that, you know, there's all these nefarious characters in the background that are continually targeting our organization whether through external cyber attacks, whether through trying to flip insiders, you know, corporate espionage or what have you.
2:38:56
And so, there is a cyber cold war going on.
2:38:58
Iran has been a key player in it and and despite, you know, decades of trying, you know, it took you know, let's call it for what it is, an administration that said, you know, enough is enough and we're going to put some bombs on target.
2:39:10
So, hilariously, the Cloudflare um founder tweeted out a few days ago that basically the Iranian cyber warfare outfits activities have ceased completely since the strikes have have gone down.
2:39:28
So, we'll see what happens. Yeah. Wow.
2:39:30
Well, good luck out there and we're happy to Congrats on all the progress in the business.
2:39:35
Thank you so much for taking the time to come on the show. Cheers, Nick. All right. Thank you.
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And without further ado, we will begin the Lambda lightning round.
2:40:01
Let's see that cloud in all of its glory. There we go.
2:40:03
That is the moment that we've been building towards all year.
2:40:09
We've been working on this. We're doing live TV.
2:40:10
And we have our first guest of the lightning round. How are you doing?
2:40:16
Great to meet Good to meet you, Jon Rajamani.
2:40:17
Thanks for having me on your show.
2:40:19
Thanks so much for hopping on the show.
2:40:20
Since this is your first appearance, please give us an introduction on yourself and the company. Sure. My name is Raj Rajamani.
2:40:26
I'm the co-founder and CEO of Jetstream Security.
2:40:31
We just came out of stealth this morning, so super exciting times.
2:40:35
And we are building an AI governance platform to help companies scale their enterprise AI adoption. Okay. How much did you raise? $34 million. In a seed round? Yes.
2:40:51
Seed round was led by Redpoint Ventures and CrowdStrike Falcon Fund.
2:40:54
Yeah, so tell me about how this fits in with with CrowdStrike, Okta, Wiz, your you you have a lot of uh experience at those firms, some investors in common.
2:41:06
Um how do you see yourself fitting into the market and going to going to market?
2:41:14
Yeah, we think we are building something very unique and differentiated.
2:41:16
Uh and this is something I've discussed with both George and Mike, uh who are the CEO and president at CrowdStrike.
2:41:22
So, before starting Jetstream, I was leading the products initiatives at CrowdStrike uh for the last 3 years or so. Cool.
2:41:29
And we had a lot of discussions about AI adoption and adoption challenges.
2:41:34
And at Jetstream, we believe companies have an AI trust problem more than a technology problem.
2:41:42
And by that, what we mean is with AI being probabilistic and being able to create compilers, their own social networks, and even deleting the odd email or two without being prompted, we have serious trust issues.
2:41:54
And we think there are certain tools that you need in order to know what type of AI products you are using, understand them, and even control them.
2:42:03
And once you have all those in place, you are able to trust it and move it into scale production.
2:42:09
That is what we are trying to help customers do.
2:42:11
So, yeah, what what what's an example of this?
2:42:14
Because if you build a tool in-house using AI, you probably know exactly what model you're using.
2:42:21
You might not have the weights, but you have, you know, you can read all about the the various model, the capabilities, the context window size, uh everything else will be, you know, made available to you in the API.
2:42:34
Is this more for SaaS products that are vending in AI features that you might have less uh insight into or more interpretability of the models themselves?
2:42:48
I would say uh the number one casualty in AI adoption is institutional wisdom. Mhm.
2:42:55
By that, what I mean is documentation is never anyone's priority.
2:43:00
It's seldom accurate or up-to-date. Mhm.
2:43:02
Which means that we have subject matters matter experts within companies who are responsible for understanding how these systems operate.
2:43:11
Frequently, what happens, especially with AI adoption, is that everyone's role and responsibility is going to be much larger.
2:43:16
And what that means is that the institutional wisdom gets diluted.
2:43:22
And the way we counter that is by delivering what I call AI blueprints.
2:43:26
These blueprints are the operational contract of an AI workflow.
2:43:28
They define what AI is supposed to do and flag any deviations from the intended purpose.
2:43:36
They also track all the runtime activities, the permissions they are using, the data touches, the services and tools it calls, and so on, so forth.
2:43:43
So, you have everything that you need in one single place.
2:43:45
And just like blueprints, like the ones that we use for building homes and other buildings, it helps you see things that are not obvious to the naked eye.
2:43:54
It helps you understand the specifications and tolerations that you as a company are willing to uh agree or use within your enterprise.
2:44:06
Will you be learning to drive a Le Mans prototype so you can hang out with George Kurtzman?
2:44:13
I'm afraid I'm more of a swimmer than a driver.
2:44:15
And the last time I was on the track with him, he chided me for driving a Ferrari the way I drove my Prius.
2:44:19
I've been driving [laughter] a Prius for the last 15 years. That's amazing.
2:44:25
We're going to have to get >> though? You're a swimmer? Yes. Interesting.
2:44:30
>> I try to get in uh in in at least two or three times a week.
2:44:32
So, I had a swim yesterday, and hopefully one later this evening as well.
2:44:37
>> O- Open ocean or are you more of a pool guy? >> the Pacific Ocean.
2:44:39
24 hours of Alcatraz swimming [laughter] or pool swimming?
2:44:43
It's more like 24 Hour Fitness lap pool. Yeah, yeah, yeah. That's good. >> to start somewhere. That's fantastic.
2:44:47
Uh yeah, how how big is the team?
2:44:50
How quickly do you want to go to market?
2:44:52
How are you seeing enterprise versus uh, mid-market, uh, small startup adoption?
2:45:00
Where where do you see all this going?
2:45:02
We are about 40 employees now, and the interesting thing is almost every last person has worked with everyone else for an extended period of time.
2:45:10
So, this is a team and crew that knows each other really, really well.
2:45:14
And um, we are open for business.
2:45:18
The product is in POV already.
2:45:20
We were doing demos and I was getting texts from some of my investors saying, "Hey, I want to introduce you to these accounts." That's great.
2:45:25
We are obviously targeting the large Fortune 500 accounts initially, uh, but we think this is a universal category in the sense that regardless of geo region, vertical, or even the size of the company, everyone will need an AI governance platform much like how everyone uses an EDR product today.
2:45:42
And if we are able to solve it in a graceful and elegant manner, I think there's a lot of room in this market for both large enterprises and SMBs. Yeah, that makes sense.
2:45:54
Uh, well, thank you so much for taking the time to come chat with us.
2:45:57
Congratulations on the fundraising round and uh, say hello to George.
2:46:01
Thanks for >> be back on soon. We'll talk to you soon. Have a good one.
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2:46:12
Uh, J Boutard on Twitter or on X says, "There is a 0% chance regime change is accomplished in a short time frame," referring to Iran, "but there is a 100% chance Trump quits this war ASAP if Intel keeps gapping down 6% a day and the Dow Jones stays losing 1,000 points per day.
2:46:33
We have priorities in this country."
2:46:36
And so, watch the stock market if you want to know where the war goes, I suppose, is J Boutard's point.
2:46:40
Um, uh, Trump said that you'll be finding out very soon who's in charge of Iran.
2:46:48
And of course, Ani Anyengar said Emmett Shear, the uh the the brief CEO of OpenAI, um which would be of course the funniest outcome. So, never write it out.
2:46:58
Uh there is another uh big story in the technology and venture world.
2:47:03
Thrive Capital and Andreessen Horowitz are leading a $4 billion round into Anduril.
2:47:08
Uh very exciting and congrats to everyone over at Anduril. Um What is the word? >> the works?
2:47:16
It's still in the works, but uh there Bloomberg is reporting Josh Kushner's Thrive Capital and venture firm Andreessen Horowitz are co-leading a funding round for Anduril that could nearly double the defense startup's valuation.
2:47:27
There have been rumors about this this round at 50 or 60, correct?
2:47:29
Uh so, the fund-raising >> Anduril's finally going to be worth more than Figure. That's right.
2:47:38
And and they're getting up into the defense tech prime territory.
2:47:44
Uh Pal- It was a big moment for Palantir when they passed um the the sort of the legacy primes on market cap, so.
2:47:49
Well, still got a ways to go with Lockheed Martin sitting at 150.
2:47:56
>> 150, but within within the the sights, I don't know.
2:48:00
Uh Josh uh Anduril is seeking to raise about $4 billion.
2:48:02
The fund-raising is expected to value the startup at $60 billion.
2:48:05
The company is raising capital as it pursues projects including a facility in Ohio to mass-produce aerial and maritime drones and other products.
2:48:14
Um there was a piece in the New York Times about Palmer Lucky that was uh going back and forth kind of digging into honestly just a lot of history on the company, but also sort of you know, trying to understand how deployed the different uh the different products are, where things are going well.
2:48:31
Um I don't think it was the most friendly piece, but uh certainly uh uh painted an interesting picture of Palmer and uh a nice graphic in the header.
2:48:42
Well, without further ado, let's bring in our next next guest.
2:48:44
We have James from Guild. How you doing, James? What's happening?
2:48:50
>> [music] >> Doing great. Thanks for having me on. Welcome to the show.
2:48:52
Since this is your first time, please introduce yourself and the company. >> Sure.
2:48:56
Sure, I'm James Everingham, the CEO of Guild AI.
2:49:00
Uh, you know, building a agent control plane. Okay.
2:49:03
Uh, walk me through >> cuz my agents are out of control. >> Yeah, yeah.
2:49:07
I was very interested >> Yeah. >> for you.
2:49:10
Yes, I was very interested in orchestration, what's happening with Gastown, some of the stuff we've been seeing with Open Claw.
2:49:15
Um, what How long you've been working on this and then where do you think uh, like what do you think the correct user interface, the the correct user experience paradigm is? Yeah, absolutely.
2:49:28
So, I think, you know, I think you just wrote Yeah, I was reading your post about the 2026 being the year of agents and orchestration.
2:49:35
And first off, completely agree with that.
2:49:37
Um, and what we're seeing though is once you start getting these agents in your infrastructure and they're starting to come in pretty pretty heavily into a lot of companies, the next problem becomes controlling these things.
2:49:49
You know, it's like it's like Gremlins, you know, the first one's fine until they start multiplying and taking over and pulling levers in your infrastructure, you know, they can cause a little chaos.
2:49:58
So, what we have built is an infrastructure layer that um, provides governance and control around these.
2:50:05
You know, you can centralize them, you can run them efficiently, you can give them and control what they have access to and what they don't.
2:50:10
Um, you need observability in order to figure out what they did, what they touched and you know, who can get access to configuring them.
2:50:20
So, that's where where coming in.
2:50:23
Um, we ran into this problem, a lot of us came from Meta.
2:50:25
We were working on the developer infrastructure teams and we were working on getting the engineers to use agents to embed into the infrastructure and well, we got that to work.
2:50:36
And that basically highlighted the next problem is like, okay, now you have lots of these.
2:50:42
We think they'll be more than 10.
2:50:44
We think you'll have thousands of these in your infrastructure at some point.
2:50:47
Um then suddenly, you know, security pops up.
2:50:49
And if you're in a regulated business, compliance pops up.
2:50:53
And you need you need a layer to control this.
2:50:56
Agents are non-deterministic, and you need a deterministic layer if you're going to have a stable infra layer. >> Mhm.
2:51:04
How much is uh just cost benefit important these days?
2:51:06
Uh I've seen crazy bills from people that are orchestrating a ton of agents and uh you know, it starts to creep up on you.
2:51:15
Like, wait, you spent how much on tokens for that to-do app?
2:51:17
Like, I don't know if that was a good trade.
2:51:19
Uh and I imagine that in the enterprise if you're talking about deploying fleets of agents to hundreds or thousands of employees, you could be looking at a really big inference bill.
2:51:29
And monitoring that seems important, too.
2:51:32
But is that something that is just too abstract for clients to demand at this point? Not at all.
2:51:38
That's actually one of the top uh requests we're seeing.
2:51:39
Like, you know, some of the customers that were engaging with early, like um literally one of them had this problem is they had a monthly budget.
2:51:47
And, you know, it's built for single player, so that uh engineers were off running these on on, you know, on a separated server or on their laptop.
2:51:56
One engineer blew through their entire budget in 12 hours, and they didn't know.
2:52:00
So, you know, building a centralized place where you can put circuit breakers and say, "Hey, you know, like, turn this thing off if it gets too hungry."
2:52:07
Or, you know, be able to report and understand where your spend is.
2:52:11
But not just like where the spend is.
2:52:13
It's like, what am I getting for that spend?
2:52:15
And like, you need to be able to measure the impact of these as well. Mhm.
2:52:21
I feel like you're at the tip of the spear.
2:52:22
What type of uh companies are being most aggressive about adopting fleets of AI agents these days?
2:52:29
Yeah, you know, it's it's the timing is really interesting because we're seeing like many of the customers are now just leaning into it.
2:52:36
It's like, you know, last year it was like experimentation. We've got one agent.
2:52:39
It's a really interesting uh you know demonstration or example, but now they're all starting to scale.
2:52:45
So, we've been talking with small companies and large companies.
2:52:49
And interestingly, they all seem to be at this same phase where we've now figured out that you know the models are powerful enough to operate tools and to be able to like be part of our infrastructure.
2:53:02
So, um we're seeing it across the board.
2:53:05
It seems to be hitting all these companies at once. >> Okay.
2:53:07
So, evenly distributed across scale and stage, what about industry?
2:53:13
Are there particular industries that are more rapidly adopting fleets of AI agents?
2:53:17
Yeah, I think that there is some little bit of differentiation there.
2:53:20
Of course, you know, some of the more you know the companies that are a little more tech forward, you know, they map up to what we traditionally would look at as the early adopters and the laggards. It's the same.
2:53:31
So, the highly regulated businesses are slower by design because they you know they can't take risk.
2:53:36
And one way to think about it is the the companies that we see really leaning into this is look, you know, there's a lot of pressure for competition and being able to uh to to move faster right now.
2:53:49
So, I think that the the the calculus between risk and the consequences of failure has changed.
2:53:56
People are willing to take on a little more risk and try these things.
2:53:58
Um but, you know, our aim is to allow them to move fast while still reducing that risk in their infrastructure.
2:54:08
What kind of What kind of tension is there between um >> [clears throat] >> Like I can imagine a world where Guild provides all of the enterprise infrastructure, so if somebody can just bring Somebody can create an agent and uh you know effectively uh give it access to Guild and that gives it access to the enterprise, but a lot of companies will want to actually own the full stack.
2:54:30
How do you think about that uh tension uh as well as opportunity?
2:54:38
Yeah, I think well, one I think it's an opportunity.
2:54:40
Uh right now, what we're seeing is that a lot of companies are off building sort of like sort of small versions of this internally and uh it's not their core competence.
2:54:50
They don't want to build it.
2:54:52
They don't want to maintain it over time.
2:54:53
It's not going to get better.
2:54:55
Um they don't have the specialized expertise to do it well.
2:54:57
Um so, what we think is that companies are really open to using this as a service and one thing that's important is that, you know, being vendor neutral and and, you know, model neutral is also important because people don't want to be locked into one vendor cuz the competition right now is things are, you know, they're leapfrogging each other and they're hopping from model to model.
2:55:23
So, you know, vendor neutrality is also important here. Totally.
2:55:27
>> What what about the types of activities, the types of use cases for fleets of agents uh that you're seeing?
2:55:31
I'm I'm interested to know about uh this there's a lot of there's a lot of narrative around like, "Oh, you're just going to like go vibe code your CRM and like rip out that legacy software."
2:55:45
Uh but it just feels like with, you know, agents you're so much more likely to just go pull your roadmap forward and go deliver more value for your customers.
2:55:52
Maybe you'll go ask for a contact renegotiation, but what are you actually seeing? Yeah, sure.
2:55:58
So, the interesting thing is like people we're seeing the most innovative agents come from our customers and not ones that we thought of.
2:56:06
I like some of the favorite ones that I've seen so far is this onboarding agent.
2:56:11
There was an agent that made the code base sentient and so instead of saying, "Hey, I want to check out these files."
2:56:16
you could say, uh check out this feature.
2:56:18
And it would say, "Oh, that's these files.
2:56:20
Would you like a system diagram?"
2:56:21
And it would paint you a system diagram.
2:56:23
Do you want to know the history?"
2:56:25
And you could have a conversation with it.
2:56:26
Um another one or or we're seeing these agents.
2:56:29
And by the way, agents can get executed not just by a person, but by a tool and by an event.
2:56:35
So, uh we had a risk analysis agent that when it gets pulled like when a the CI/CD system pulls from source, it would analyze the risk to have how likely is this diff going to take the system down.
2:56:49
And it can let low-risk diffs go through and and high-risk ones stop.
2:56:54
So, things like this can help eliminate holiday code freeze of the code base.
2:56:59
Um There So, those are a few um and they can expand way outside of just development.
2:57:05
They can go into all of these uh different workflows.
2:57:06
Uh anywhere where there's an integration, prompts, and evals, you can you can make use of this.
2:57:13
We have one in ours that like doesn't allow duplicate bugs to happen.
2:57:17
So, hooks into Git, fires an event, the agent goes and says, "This is a duplicate bug already." It'll just mark it.
2:57:25
Um with the Guild system though, we were able to just go in and natural language interface just say, "Hey, don't make it Make it so it's not possible for duplicate bugs to exist in our company."
2:57:35
And it just went and did it behind the scenes, installed the agent, set it up right, and boom.
2:57:39
Like that wasn't possible for any engineers in the company.
2:57:44
Talk to me about where Guild sits in a world where I build a product that is effectively a fleet of agents.
2:57:50
Maybe you call me a rapper or whatever, but my customers love the product, which is heavily agentic.
2:57:57
I'm using Guild, your product, to orchestrate.
2:58:00
And then I want to vend that into a company.
2:58:05
Am I like white labeling you?
2:58:05
Am I using you internally and then my customer doesn't know?
2:58:09
Are they going to be wanting to use Guild on their side?
2:58:10
Like what's the Where do you fit in that stack?
2:58:15
Yeah, so one of the things that we found is that like a a way for these agents to be for for engineers and for companies to learn how to use these is by like looking at them and and seeing it.
2:58:26
So, like we have something we call Agent Hub. Okay.
2:58:30
>> An Agent Hub will be a public surface.
2:58:32
So, companies can have internal agents that are private, but they can also push them externally and they can be a series of agents that work together. Oh.
2:58:38
We look a lot like GitHub in that way where you can go, you can find agents right on the surface that might work for you.
2:58:47
These could be distributed by third parties or people that are building agents as products.
2:58:50
And within minutes they can just authorize, set up a workspace, click, and boom, have these things working in their in their workspace.
2:58:58
So, we're big open source people believers.
2:59:02
We've we've been in that space our entire careers.
2:59:05
So, you know, there is an aspect of that that we're bringing to this agent marketplace. Very cool.
2:59:09
Well, uh we want to ring the gong for you. How much did you raise? Oh, thank you.
2:59:16
Yeah, we uh it's kind of tough following that $4 billion one that you just announced, but you know, we will go. We raised 44 million. Woo.
2:59:27
It's our sec- it's our second round.
2:59:29
Apologies, it was 30 million plus 14 in our seed.
2:59:31
We raised both of these rounds within 4 months. That's incredible.
2:59:33
And and >> [laughter] >> who participated?
2:59:37
>> Yeah, any like companies I might have heard of involved? Um uh yeah, sure.
2:59:41
Like uh our lead investor was Google Ventures. >> go. There we go.
2:59:44
So, Goog- so, GV uh they read they um we have NFX involved.
2:59:51
We had uh Costola Ventures came in this round.
2:59:53
Um Scribble Ventures, >> Fantastic.
2:59:56
uh Accrue Capital, Web Investment Network. Amazing.
3:00:00
>> I got them I think I got them all.
3:00:00
You will you will have missed one and that one person will hold a grudge against you forever.
3:00:07
>> That's a great That's a great lineup. >> of lists. You always forget one.
3:00:09
It'll probably be the most the biggest one, too, right?
3:00:13
>> [laughter] >> But, thank you so much for taking the time to come and chat with us. We'll talk to you soon. >> Thanks for having me. Congratulations team. Goodbye. Bye.
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3:00:35
And, without further ado, our final [music] guest of our Lambda Lightning Round, we have Felix from Akasha Systems.
3:00:41
How are you doing, Felix? I'm good. I'm good. How are you? We're good. Good to meet you.
3:00:46
Uh since it's your first time on the show, please introduce yourself and the company. Sure.
3:00:52
My name is Felix Drachmann.
3:00:52
I'm founder and CEO of Akasha Systems in the Bay Area. Amazing. What do you guys do?
3:00:59
Uh we are a venture-backed company that makes diamond-cooled servers for AI and cloud service providers. Okay. Diamond business. Yes. Very exciting.
3:01:07
So, I'm familiar with air cooling.
3:01:10
I'm familiar with water cooling. What is diamond cooling?
3:01:16
So, diamond is interesting because it is not only a very beautiful material, but it is also the world's most thermally conductive material.
3:01:23
It is extremely thermally conductive.
3:01:26
If I held a stick of diamond in my hands, uh it would take the temperature of my body and move it very quickly through the entire material and propagate it to whatever is on the other end of that material.
3:01:39
What we do with Akasha is we take that diamond that's very pretty, but also very thermally conductive, and we place it right on the GPU.
3:01:50
So, a GPU, uh for for those of you who don't know, is the hottest component of a computer or server.
3:01:55
So, the things that answers your questions on chat GPT, on Claude, uh at the very essence of of the thing that does those questions is the GPU. Yeah. It gets very hot.
3:02:05
You've probably heard people talk about that.
3:02:09
And cooling it down can be very expensive if you use liquids, but what we do is we take synthetic diamond grown in the lab Yeah.
3:02:16
with thermal conductivity. We put it on the GPU.
3:02:18
It reduces temperatures by 10-15° C. Yeah.
3:02:23
That reduction causes a an acceleration in the in the inference of the GPU. >> Yeah.
3:02:29
It also reduces the cost of cooling the entire data center. Yeah.
3:02:31
So So once the heat's transferred from the GPU die to the diamond, it's got to get shuffled away at some point.
3:02:41
>> Yeah, where does it that air or water?
3:02:43
What How How's it getting moved away? That's air.
3:02:46
Yeah, so we're compatible with liquid cooling.
3:02:48
If you want to have If you already have an infrastructure of liquid cooling, we're totally game for that. Yeah.
3:02:53
But if you don't have the capital to invest in a liquid cooling infrastructure, then you don't need it because you've got diamonds Yeah.
3:02:58
that we provide on the GPU. Yeah.
3:03:00
So it goes from the diamond to a heat sink. Yeah.
3:03:05
And then that goes to air. >> Yeah.
3:03:07
And so People that might have done a built a gaming PC, you put something directly on the CPU.
3:03:10
Is that copper typically?
3:03:13
Like what what what >> That's typically copper.
3:03:14
And by the way, with a diamond cool server, you don't need to have your air conditioning on.
3:03:21
You can literally turn off the AC in the room Wow.
3:03:23
and the room can get as hot as 120° F Oh.
3:03:26
and the servers literally like Because you're shuffling it away so fast. Correct. Got it. Okay.
3:03:31
so fast and so the ambient and and you'd be fine.
3:03:34
We just released today a server made with an AMD chip >> Yeah.
3:03:41
that is cooled by diamond and that can operate at 120° F and you would not need any liquids, no air conditioning, and it would just be the computations would still be fine. Okay.
3:03:51
>> What How much How much actual uh diamond is like what is the cost of Is it like one very thin diamond or are we talking about something that like could fit on a ring. I love your questions.
3:04:01
Um yes, it is a very thin layer of diamond that we place on the material on the GPU.
3:04:07
And to your question about cost, so the effect of this diamond cooling is that it generates about a million dollars by our conservative calculations, about a million dollars of revenue and some cost savings to the operator of the GPU.
3:04:22
And that's over typically a life lifetime use of around 3 to 4 years. >> Yeah.
3:04:29
So, we're not just giving you compute, we're giving you cash.
3:04:31
So, roughly about a million, and so we take a slice of that to add on to the cost of a traditional server.
3:04:39
So, our servers are the cost of our servers don't compare to the million dollars that you would get back in in returns.
3:04:48
>> Yeah, so I imagine >> You're literally you're icing out the GPUs. I love it.
3:04:52
>> [laughter] >> So, I imagine you I I imagine that a diamond cooling system has has got to be more expensive than the legacy system, but you're saving money on the on the on the energy cooling, the the AC, the water flow, all of that.
3:05:07
>> So, less energy intense. That's correct.
3:05:09
And we're talking about I can give you some numbers here.
3:05:10
So, a typical server maybe like 250, 300k.
3:05:12
Ours would be on the order of let's say 400k.
3:05:16
So, but on the other hand, over the 3 4 years of use life, you're going to get a million dollars.
3:05:25
>> also, I imagine that you're on sort of a Moore's Law as scaling curve of your own cost because lab-grown diamonds have gotten dramatically cheaper over the last decade, and you expect that to continue.
3:05:37
>> has literally That's exactly right.
3:05:37
The cost of making diamond has literally collapsed through the bottom through the floor.
3:05:42
It's it's so low, and that's just improved our economics.
3:05:45
>> Okay, so for for actually making the diamonds, you're working with a contract manufacturer who also makes diamonds for saws or >> We first We source We We source diamonds from all over the world.
3:05:56
We buy diamonds from wherever we can get them very cheaply.
3:06:01
We have ways of growing them ourselves, but the interest is scaling rapidly.
3:06:07
We buy diamonds from everybody.
3:06:07
As long as you can meet our both quality and cost requirements, we're happy to buy from you.
3:06:13
Yeah, I I remember seeing the uh >> [clears throat] >> I remember seeing like the first lab-grown diamond, I don't know, maybe 15 years ago, and it was basically like a massive like dome that was putting an immense amount of pressure, and it would come out with a with a diamond-shaped diamond.
3:06:30
It would be something that would belong on a ring. Exactly.
3:06:33
I imagine as wafers and and GPU dies have gotten bigger, you need to make a bigger lab-grown diamond and then slice it.
3:06:40
Can you walk me through like how are how are you dealing with like the size of the GPU die that I would imagine is bigger than like a 1-carat stone?
3:06:50
Yeah, so you're you're very perceptive.
3:06:52
The what you described is the old-fashioned way of making diamond, where you try to replicate the conditions of the core of the earth. Oh, yeah.
3:06:59
Very high pressure, high temperature.
3:07:01
What we do is something called chemical vapor deposition.
3:07:06
It's a more advanced way of making diamond, where you don't need to get a massive thing to recreate the core of the earth.
3:07:11
These reactors that we use are very small typically, and the amount of diamond that we need is relatively small. >> Yep.
3:07:20
So, it needs to be cost-effective and it needs to fit into the traditional size of a server.
3:07:25
Folks who have purchased a diamond maybe for a loved one might be familiar with the four C's.
3:07:29
Do any of those matter to you?
3:07:32
Can you use a lower quality diamond, or is there a benefit to heat dissipation if you have a particularly clear diamond? Great question. The answer is yes.
3:07:41
We don't quite use gem quality beautiful, spectacular, twinkling little star diamond.
3:07:51
Diamonds that we use are are actually what we call industrial diamonds.
3:07:53
Uh so they're not pretty, but they do have an extremely high thermal connectivity.
3:08:00
That's the thing we care about.
3:08:01
And so we use that for our our work. >> Are diamonds forever?
3:08:04
Do you need to replace these at some point?
3:08:08
>> [laughter] >> Uh diamonds are forever.
3:08:09
We actually reclaim the diamonds.
3:08:11
So at the end of the the life of the server, we're happy to take the server back and pull the diamond out and and reuse it for our needs. Yes.
3:08:23
>> Talk about flexibility of integration.
3:08:27
Congratulations on the AMD deal, by the way.
3:08:29
But uh it does it feels like it's not rocket science to get this working on a different chip. Uh walk me through that. >> It's not.
3:08:36
Um so it is, but it isn't.
3:08:39
It's taken us a long time to get here.
3:08:41
Actually, this technology that we've deployed with the AMD chip actually started off in space.
3:08:44
So we actually started off doing diamond cooling in satellites.
3:08:49
In fact, we last year we launched about a half a dozen satellites with diamond cooling.
3:08:54
But then when we saw what was going on in AI and that the power densities in the GPU are actually a lot less than what we deal with in space.
3:09:03
And the fact that in space the conditions are much more harsh.
3:09:05
We're talking about solar radiation, space radiation that's a lot more difficult and challenging to work with than what we have on a terrestrial.
3:09:12
We said, "Wait, if we can address a problem in space, we can definitely address the problem in a GPU."
3:09:18
And so that gave us the confidence to replicate what we now have on on ground.
3:09:23
So and getting to space took us a long time.
3:09:29
And we're leveraging all of that to do this.
3:09:31
So we are the technology that we've deployed here is covered by dozens of patents.
3:09:37
Uh there's a lot of material science and and device physics.
3:09:39
But in the end we're able to do it cost effectively Uh, scale rapidly for our customers. Amazing.
3:09:47
I heard that there was a secret secret shopper who stopped by the diamond store, placed an order for a huge amount of your product. How much is the deal?
3:09:57
I know you can't tell us who who it is with, but I'd love to know the the size.
3:10:00
It is a it's a $300 million deal.
3:10:09
You said the biggest one. >> Congratulations. Uh, that is amazing. This is amazing.
3:10:14
What a remarkably sci-fi and amazing product.
3:10:18
I I I love this and thank you so much for taking the time to come talk to us.
3:10:22
Joey, do you have any other questions? >> great. Uh, yeah.
3:10:25
Are there any other interesting uh, applications for diamonds that you can think of?
3:10:32
I've heard of the diamond drill, the diamond saw.
3:10:34
I this was not on my bingo card, but should we expect big things from diamonds in the future if they get really really really really really cheap? Definitely.
3:10:45
I mean, we get calls all the time.
3:10:47
People want to put our stuff I mean, because we have the space heritage as well as now servers and GPUs, people want to now do data centers in space.
3:10:57
So, that's super sexy, amazing.
3:10:59
Uh, to be honest with you, just trying to execute what we have in front of us Sure.
3:11:03
uh, is already quite a bit of a full plate.
3:11:05
But, yes, there are applications in in in space as as we discuss, uh, applications in in other areas, industrial areas uh, such as with Bitcoin mining.
3:11:18
Uh, that's something that requires a lot of compute.
3:11:20
And um, so the the we we do get pings, but we're right now we're very focused on just getting compute to data centers and cloud service providers uh, and and AI companies.
3:11:31
Well, Felix, thank you so much for taking the time to come chat with us.
3:11:36
This was very fascinating and good luck to you. We'll talk to you soon. Cheers. Have a good one.
3:11:41
Let me tell you about Console.
3:11:41
Console builds AI agents that automate 70% of IT, HR, and finance support, giving employees instant resolution for access requests and password resets.
3:11:49
Uh the Gurminator says it's official.
3:11:52
Apple launches the M5 Pro and M5 Max MacBook Pro, M5 MacBook Air, new Studio Display, and new Studio Display XDR.
3:12:05
R This is what I always say.
3:12:05
It's not official until Mark Gurman writes about it.
3:12:09
I I don't actually go to Apple.
3:12:09
It's not official when they post about it.
3:12:14
I like that he's like he's got the scoop, uh but I believe him, and this is exciting.
3:12:19
Um uh the M5 Pro, M5 Max, M5 Max Macintosh Pro.
3:12:24
>> Uh yeah, so apparently there's still uh redesign rumors for the MacBook Pro. Uh 6:15 a. m.
3:12:32
Pacific tomorrow morning you can order. >> Yeah.
3:12:36
The Studio Display XDR is going to be I is going to be awesome.
3:12:39
The The Pro Display XDR has been dominant for like a decade, and you will go on YouTube and look up should I buy an Apple Pro Display XDR in, and it will just auto-fill 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, and the answer is always yes.
3:12:56
Like it's still a great monitor, and so it's always The only problem is just it's been really expensive, and it hasn't been refreshed in so long that uh a lot of Apple folks that want a beautiful display, high refresh rate, there's really like no tradeoffs with it.
3:13:12
Uh whatever they have planned there, I think will be very, very exciting.
3:13:16
So, buckle up, Apple fans.
3:13:18
There's going to be a lot of good news tomorrow to react to.
3:13:23
Let me tell you about Turbo Puffer.
3:13:25
Serverless vector and full-text search, built from first principles on object storage, fast, 10x cheaper, and extremely scalable.
3:13:31
Uh the last thing I think might be worth mentioning is that Ted Mayberry over at Palantir is issuing a call to former Palantirians, former hobbits as he says.
3:13:42
If you've ever considered returning to Palantir, this is the week to do it.
3:13:43
The world is demanding every last unit of creative energy we can muster.
3:13:47
If you return, you will be on a plane one day and committing code that matters within hours of getting your laptop.
3:13:52
Uh from the foxhole to the factory floor to the uh the service area to support something incredibly meaningful immediately is immense.
3:14:00
I promise you nothing other than a sense of satisfaction that comes from the purpose and intensity of the most intense deployments you've ever worked on.
3:14:06
If you have been chasing that spark, come find it again. The Shire is calling.
3:14:10
Saying come back and work at Palantir. Very fun.
3:14:14
Anyway, time to plant the bomb? >> I think so. Okay.
3:14:17
>> Actually, let's not plant the bomb today. >> Okay.
3:14:19
Yeah, that's Uh but thank you for uh being with us.
3:14:21
We will be back Tomorrow at 11:00 a. m. I can't. I cannot wait. I cannot wait.
3:14:26
Uh have a wonderful evening.
3:14:31
>> Leave us five stars on Apple Podcasts and Spotify.
3:14:32
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3:14:35
And we will see you tomorrow. You love them.
3:14:37
>> Tell them you want to watch Ken Burns with them. See you. Do it. >> Goodbye. Bye.